今日分享的文章來自經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人11月刊：The Nuclear Option惫企，這篇文章也是英語共學(xué)社11月群的第一周練習(xí)撕瞧。為保護(hù)社群成員利益陵叽，只挑選文章第一段精讀筆記來分享狞尔。
雖然只有短短的一段話，但是我們從生詞巩掺、生詞拓展偏序、背景資料、翻譯思路胖替、文章邏輯等各個(gè)方面做了深入剖析研儒。英語共學(xué)社每日練習(xí)都是這樣摳細(xì)節(jié)的，這就是我們對待外刊的小小態(tài)度独令，掰碎了一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)吃端朵。如果讀外刊只是查單詞，那真是大大的浪費(fèi)呢~~
WARS are fought with weapons, but also with money.To understand the global balance of power in the coming decades, it helps to pay attention to the commercial subplot of the North Korean crisis.For the first time, America is attempting to use its full legal and financial might to change the behaviour of Chinese companies and banks, which it believes are propping up North Korea by breaking UN and American sanctions. Some American politicians have concluded that, as China’s firms have integrated with the global economy, they have become more vulnerable to Uncle Sam’s wrath. America has potent weapons, but the trouble is that China can retaliate in devastating fashion.
官方譯文
打仗需要武器燃箭，也要燒錢冲呢。要了解未來幾十年全球力量的格局，關(guān)注朝鮮危機(jī)的商業(yè)支線劇情會(huì)有幫助招狸。美國首次試圖利用自身全部的法律和金融實(shí)力來改變中國企業(yè)和銀行的行為敬拓，因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為中國公司和銀行為了支持朝鮮，違反了聯(lián)合國和美國的制裁決議裙戏。一些美國政界人士認(rèn)為乘凸，隨著中國企業(yè)融入全球經(jīng)濟(jì)，它們變得更容易受到山姆大叔怒火的沖擊累榜。美國有強(qiáng)大的武器营勤，但麻煩的是，中國可以用破壞性的方式展開報(bào)復(fù)壹罚。
筆記
1葛作、WARS are fought with weapons, but also with money.
這句翻譯也可以是：戰(zhàn)爭是武器之間的較量，也是資金之間的較量渔嚷，這個(gè)思路蠻好的进鸠。戰(zhàn)爭需要武器，也是經(jīng)濟(jì)上的較量形病。
2客年、To understand the global balance of power in the coming decades, it helps to pay attention to the commercial subplot of the North Korean crisis.
句子意群劃分一下：
To understand the global balance of power in the coming decades,（目的狀語）?it （形式主語）helps （謂語）to pay attention to the commercial subplot of the North Korean crisis. （這其實(shí)是真正的主語）
形式主語it 作為形式主語的it并無實(shí)際語義霞幅，只是為滿足語法上的需要，避免句子頭重腳輕量瓜，它代替的是句子的邏輯主語司恳，概括起來會(huì)有如下情況:
（1）不定式作邏輯主語:
It is very kind of you to give me a hand in time.
It is my pleasure to address the meeting.
It was pretty hard for him to bring up the child on his own.
（2）從句作邏輯主語:
It is extremely obvious that she has been lying about her identity.
（3）動(dòng)名詞短語作邏輯主語：
這類句子遠(yuǎn)不如前面兩種出現(xiàn)率高，主要在(no good,waste,useless,no use,dangerous)等詞語的后面用如:
It is no use reasoning with him.
It is no good reading in dim light.
這句話的邏輯主語就是后面的to pay attention绍傲，所以扔傅，句子原本是：to pay attention to... helps to understand... 關(guān)注……有助于理解……。
Global balance of power全球力量的平衡烫饼，平衡是一個(gè)結(jié)果猎塞，一個(gè)局面，在達(dá)到這個(gè)結(jié)果局面的過程中杠纵，各方是在互相角力的荠耽，所以也可以說全球力量的格局，各國角力的局勢/格局比藻。
Subplot:The subplot in a play, movie, or novel is a story that is separate from and less important than the main story. 陪襯情節(jié)
...a fascinating subplot to the main drama.
...一段主劇情之外引人入勝的陪襯故事铝量。
Commercial subplot，這里也比較考驗(yàn)翻譯思路银亲。先看下整句話要表達(dá)什么：it helps to pay attention to the commercial subplot of the North Korean crisis.
第一個(gè)思路可以是把subplot的sub拎出來慢叨，翻譯成限定詞，比如：朝鮮危機(jī)中不那麼引人注目的商業(yè)問題务蝠。
第二個(gè)思路是把這個(gè)commercial subplot單獨(dú)拎出來成句子：朝核危機(jī)引發(fā)的商戰(zhàn)作為插曲拍谐，可幫助人們……，這種方法需要增詞才能使句子通順请梢，比如增補(bǔ)引發(fā)赠尾，商戰(zhàn)的戰(zhàn)，這個(gè)增補(bǔ)主要是因?yàn)榍懊嫜a(bǔ)了動(dòng)詞毅弧，后面需要增補(bǔ)與這個(gè)動(dòng)詞相搭配的名詞气嫁。
3、For the first time, America is attempting to use its full legal and financial might to change the behaviour of Chinese companies and banks, which it believes are propping up North Korea by breaking UN and American sanctions.
it believes够坐，插入語寸宵。這里講一個(gè)語法點(diǎn)：主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的插入語。
主謂結(jié)構(gòu)作插入結(jié)構(gòu)通常放在句子中間或者結(jié)尾元咙；如果放在句首梯影，就不應(yīng)該是插入結(jié)構(gòu)，而是一個(gè)主謂句后面跟賓語的英語句型了庶香。翻譯成漢語譯文的時(shí)候甲棍，這種插入結(jié)構(gòu)卻應(yīng)該放在句子最前面翻譯。這種作插入結(jié)構(gòu)的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)通常是：I think（我認(rèn)為）赶掖，I hope（我希望）感猛，I guess（我想）七扰，I’m afraid（恐怕），I believe（我認(rèn)為陪白，我相信）颈走，I suppose（我想，我認(rèn)為）咱士，I wonder（我想知道）立由，you see（你應(yīng)該明白），you know（你知道）序厉，don’t you think（難道你不認(rèn)為）锐膜，don’t you know（難道你不知道），I tell you（我告訴你）脂矫，it seems（似乎）枣耀，it seems to me（在我看來霉晕，這似乎）庭再，it is said（據(jù)說），it is suggested（有人認(rèn)為）等等牺堰。
在英語的議論文中拄轻，常常有what we call這樣的句型，通澄昂可以看作插入結(jié)構(gòu)恨搓，因?yàn)榘堰@樣的結(jié)構(gòu)去掉之后句子仍然完整。類似的句型還有：what we used to call, what is called, what they described as, what can be called, what they regarded as, as we call it, as we know it等筏养。通常翻譯為“所謂的…”斧抱，可以按照英語原文順序直接翻譯。
Prop up: To prop up something means to support it or help it to survive. 支撐; 維持
Investments in the U.S. money market have propped up the American dollar.
對美國貨幣市場的投資一直在支撐著美元渐溶。
它有一個(gè)近義詞perpetuate:to make a situation, attitude etc, especially a bad one, continue to exist for a long time使持續(xù)辉浦，使長久〔尤指不好的事物〕
an education system that perpetuates the divisions in our society 使我們的社會(huì)持續(xù)分裂的一種教育制度
這個(gè)詞經(jīng)常和inequality, myth, stereotype, system類似的賓語搭配。
Sanction: official orders or laws stopping trade, communication etc with another country, as a way of forcing its leaders to make political changes〔對某國的〕制裁茎辐，通常用復(fù)數(shù)哦~~
a resolution to impose sanctions (= start using sanctions ) on DPRK 對朝鮮實(shí)施制裁的決議
the threat of trade sanctions 貿(mào)易制裁的威脅
The UN security council may impose economic sanctions . 聯(lián)合國安理會(huì)可能會(huì)實(shí)施經(jīng)濟(jì)制裁宪郊。
Any talk about lifting sanctions (= ending them ) is premature. 現(xiàn)時(shí)就談取消制裁為時(shí)過早。
[+ against]
US sanctions against Cuba 美國對古巴的制裁
還有一個(gè)詞根它很像拖陆，embargo弛槐，不過這個(gè)詞更多是貿(mào)易上的制裁，貿(mào)易上禁止往來依啰。
[+ on/against]
an embargo on wheat exports 小麥出口禁令
an embargo against the country 對該國的貿(mào)易禁令
impose/lift an embargo?(=start or end one)實(shí)行/取消貿(mào)易禁令
Many allies are pushing to lift the embargo. 許多盟國在努力推進(jìn)取消貿(mào)易禁令乎串。
trade/arms/oil etc embargo?貿(mào)易/武器/石油等禁運(yùn)
full，很多人翻譯成完善的速警，其實(shí)是表示毫無保留的叹誉，全部的might艰争。
the greatest amount or highest level of something that is possible最大量的；最高級的
rising prosperity and full employment 日益繁榮以及充分就業(yè)
The charity helps disabled children reach their full potential . 該慈善機(jī)構(gòu)幫助殘障兒童充分發(fā)揮自身潛力桂对。
Few customers take full advantage of off-peak fares. 很少有顧客充分利用淡季票價(jià)甩卓。
Parker was driving at full speed when he hit the wall. 帕克全速行駛時(shí)撞到了墻上。
in full leaf/bloom
The roses were now in full bloom. 玫瑰現(xiàn)已盛開蕉斜。
Might: great strength and power力量逾柿；威力；權(quán)力
two individuals who took on the might of the English legal system 挑戰(zhàn)英國法律制度權(quán)威的兩個(gè)人
He swung the axe again with all his might . 他用盡全力再一次掄起斧頭宅此。
我們中文里常說机错，拳頭就是道理，拳頭就可以用might表示：might makes right. Might is right.不過這句話捎帶貶義父腕。
4弱匪、Some American politicians have concluded that, as China’s firms have integrated with the global economy, they have become more vulnerable to Uncle Sam’s wrath.
Conclude: ?If you conclude that something is true, you decide that it is true using the facts you know as a basis. 斷定
Larry had concluded that he had no choice but to accept Paul's words as the truth.
拉里斷定他別無選擇，只能相信保羅所說為實(shí)璧亮。
So what can we conclude from this debate?
那么從這場辯論中我們能推斷出什么呢
Vulnerable: a place, thing, or idea that is vulnerable is easy to attack or criticize易受攻擊的萧诫；易受責(zé)難的
[+ to]
The fort was vulnerable to attack from the north. 這個(gè)堡壘的北面易受進(jìn)攻。
Their theories were badly thought out and very vulnerable to ridicule. 他們的理論不夠縝密枝嘶，非常容易遭人取笑帘饶。
上個(gè)月的共學(xué)社練習(xí)出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)exposed，跟這個(gè)詞非常像：not protected from attack無保護(hù)的群扶，易受攻擊的
The old fort was very exposed. 這座古堡很容易受到攻擊及刻。
These developments leave the British government in an exposed position.
事態(tài)的這些新發(fā)展使英國政府易受詬病。
還有一些近義詞組竞阐，比如be subject to: To be subject to something means to be affected by it or to be likely to be affected by it. (可能) 受…影響的
Prices may be subject to alteration.
價(jià)格可能會(huì)受變更影響缴饭。
還有比如說open to也可以表示遭受……，有個(gè)詞組lay sb. Open to就是把誰暴露在某種情況下骆莹，而且通常是不好的情況颗搂，比如：
He has laid himself open to political attack.
這里有人說越發(fā)沒有招架之力，我認(rèn)為理解有點(diǎn)偏差汪疮，以前中國沒開放的時(shí)候盾似，美國這些經(jīng)濟(jì)制裁是觸及不到中國的砚哗，而現(xiàn)在中國生意遍布全球，用到美元的都要忌憚美國制裁，所以是會(huì)更易受美國的影響狈蚤，是一個(gè)“從無到有”的轉(zhuǎn)變剩晴，不是招架能力“從強(qiáng)變?nèi)趿恕薄?/p>
Wrath: extreme anger憤怒萤晴，狂怒
He was scared of incurring his father’s wrath . 他害怕惹他父親大發(fā)脾氣互艾。
有一部電影，諸神之怒， Wrath of the Titans
還有一些詞也可以表示這種級別的憤怒衅枫，rage, fury嫁艇。搭配上有一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)區(qū)別吧，rage可以和hot, cold, red, white搭配弦撩，比如His face was red/white with rage.氣得臉發(fā)白步咪，氣得滿臉通紅。Fury一般就和cold, white搭配益楼。
這句比較難翻譯的是be more vulnerable to... “更容易被美國的雷霆之怒所傷”猾漫，這個(gè)比較形象具體，也可以說：更加脆弱/更易處于劣勢/更容易遭受損失感凤。
還有integrate with悯周，也可以說漸成一體，或者逐漸融入陪竿，成為世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的一部分禽翼。
山姆大叔（Uncle Sam）
山姆大叔（英文：Uncle Sam）是美國的綽號和擬人化形象，一般被描繪成為穿著星條旗紋樣的禮服族跛，頭戴星條旗紋樣的高禮帽闰挡，身材高瘦，留著山羊胡子庸蔼，鷹勾鼻解总，精神矍鑠的老人形象。此漫畫形象由著名畫家詹姆斯?蒙哥馬利?弗拉格（James Montgomery Flagg）依照自己的長相為公共資訊委員會(huì)而繪畫姐仅。
一般認(rèn)為，“山姆大叔”一名源于1812年美英戰(zhàn)爭時(shí)期刻盐，一位名叫撒米爾?威爾遜（Samuel Wilson掏膏，1766年-1854年）的美國人，他在戰(zhàn)爭中向美國軍隊(duì)供應(yīng)牛肉敦锌，桶上的牌子寫的是EA-US馒疹。EA為公司名，US為生產(chǎn)地美國乙墙，而Uncle Samuel（山姆大叔）的縮寫恰好也是U.S.颖变，于是在一次玩笑中，山姆大叔的說法很快傳開听想，其后成為了美國的綽號腥刹。美國人將“山姆大叔”誠實(shí)可靠、吃苦耐勞及愛國主義精神視為自己公民的驕傲和共有的品性汉买。
5衔峰、America has potent weapons, but the trouble is that China can retaliate in devastating fashion.
Potent: powerful and effective強(qiáng)有力的，有威力的
The treaty requires them to get rid of their most potent weapons.
條約要求他們銷毀威力最強(qiáng)大的武器。
In a ... fashion: in a particular way以…方式
Please leave the building in an orderly fashion. 請大家有秩序地離開大樓垫卤。
Perhaps they could sit down and discuss things in a civilised fashion.
也許他們可以坐下來心平氣和地商量事情威彰。
She will be working out her problems in her own fashion (= in the way that she usually does this ) . 她會(huì)以自己的方式來解決她的問題。
不加a也是可以穴肘。
Retaliate反擊歇盼，這里也可以翻譯成以牙還牙。同義詞有個(gè)strike back回?fù)羝栏А＿@兩個(gè)詞的意思都差不多旺遮，但是使用語境稍微有點(diǎn)不同。后者更加感情化盈咳。
還有兩個(gè)詞組可能大家沒怎么注意耿眉，get even:
How long will it be before I have a chance to get even?
要多久我才會(huì)有機(jī)會(huì)報(bào)復(fù)呢?
有點(diǎn)口語，還有一個(gè)：settle a score鱼响，比如我們說“公報(bào)私仇”就可以用這個(gè)：use official regulations as pretext to settle a score
