《奧德賽》講述了特洛伊戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束后,希臘戰(zhàn)神Odysseus在海上漂流多年未歸锌奴,家里遭到眾多求婚者的騷擾兽狭,兒子Telemachus外出打聽父親的下落。Odysseus經(jīng)歷了波折多變的海上冒險經(jīng)歷,終于回到了家鄉(xiāng)箕慧,殺死了求婚者服球,開始美好生活。這是一部英雄的頌歌颠焦,故事前面5個章節(jié)斩熊,我們看到了小白少年Telemachus和英雄Odysseus兩個人物形象,相比之下蒸健,兩者在學(xué)識座享、智謀、勇氣等方面有著巨大的差距似忧。
Odysseus猶如振翅翱翔的雄鷹渣叛,囿于一隅多年,心志堅定如初盯捌,無論是順境還是逆境淳衙,他總是心懷美好,充滿理智的談吐為他贏得了天神和凡人的頻頻眷顧饺著。Telemachus有如剛出鳥巢的小雛鳥箫攀,是那么的膽怯羞澀,正如他自己對Athena所袒露的幼衰,“How can I greet him, Mentor, even approach the king? I’m hardlyadept at subtle conversation. Someone my age might feel shy, what’s more,interrogating an older man.”
很多時候靴跛,一個人的言談也是學(xué)識、勇氣渡嚣、謀略的體現(xiàn)梢睛,就讓我們來看看Telemachus和Odysseus各自的表現(xiàn)吧。
第一種情況:身處困境识椰,急需陌生人的幫助绝葡,如何開口?
請求陌生人幫助自己的時候腹鹉,Odysseus選擇了最適當(dāng)?shù)姆绞讲爻⒆钣鋹偟臍夥障挛竦奶岢鲎约旱恼埱螅@得那么的輕松愉快功咒。相比之下愉阎,Telemachus的請求方式比較直接,單刀直入力奋,把話題變得那么的嚴(yán)肅和沉重诫硕。
第6章節(jié),Odysseus在海上漂了20天刊侯,身體腫脹又散發(fā)惡臭章办,急需衣服食物。當(dāng)他遇到陌生人Nausicaa公主,恨不得直接撲上去搶過食物和衣服藕届,但那時理智告訴他不可以挪蹭,甚至不合適用直接的抱雙膝(抱膝蓋是希臘習(xí)俗,當(dāng)對方抱住對方膝蓋有所請求時休偶,根據(jù)習(xí)俗對方不能拒絕)的請求方式梁厉,因為Odysseus明白自己現(xiàn)在的形象可怕,會嚇到對面的姑娘踏兜。無奈词顾,Odysseus遠遠的站著,氣定神閑的贊美起公主Nausicaa的美麗和自己最誠摯的祝福碱妆,在氣氛變得愉快之后肉盹,再委婉的提出自己的請求。
Here I am at your mercy, princess— are you?a goddess or a mortal? If one of the gods who rule the skies up there, you’re?Artemis to the life, the daughter of mighty Zeus—I see her now—just look at?your build, your bearing, your lithe?owing grace…But if you’re one of the mortals living here on earth, three times?blest are your father, your queenly mother, three times over your brothers too.Compassion—princess, please! You, after all that I have suffered, you are thefirst I’ve come to. I know no one else,none in your city, no one in your land. Show me the way to town, give me a ragfor cover, just some cloth, some wrapper you carried with you here.
其實疹尾,Odysseus內(nèi)心想表達的就兩句:給我食物和衣服上忍,帶我進城。但是纳本,他說了這么多鋪墊的話窍蓝,強忍著身體上的痛苦,為了不唐突到對面的Nausicaa繁成,多么可敬的人啊吓笙。
再來看看Telemachus,在第3巾腕、4章節(jié)中观蓄,Telemachus拜訪了父親故交Nestor和Menelaus,詢問父親的下落祠墅。在皮洛斯城拜訪King Nestor的時候,Telemachus開場只用了“Nestor, son of Neleus,Achaea’s pride and glory”作為問候語歌径,之后便是長篇敘說父親至今下落不明毁嗦,可否念及與他父親的情分,如實告知自己知道的消息回铛。如此急切的請求方式讓人不免不快:難道我會故意隱瞞消息嗎狗准?我堂堂一國之主是那樣的人嗎?
在Sparta拜訪Menelaus的時候也是如此茵肃,開門見山腔长、不留情面的問話方式,使得氣氛比較嚴(yán)肅验残,好似Telemachus在倒苦水捞附,同時也缺乏對長者的尊重。而且,年幼的Telemachus初到Menelaus的宮殿的時候鸟召,便被這奢華給震撼了胆绊,與同伴耳語,如此談?wù)撘诧@露了Telemachus的不嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)欧募。
Look, Pisistratus—joy of my heart, myfriend— the sheen of bronze, the blaze of gold and amber, silver, ivory too,through all this echoing mansion! Surely Zeus’s court on Olympus must be justlike this, the boundless glory of all this wealth inside! My eyes dazzle … I amstruck with wonder.
第二種情況:對方的善意不被自己認(rèn)可的時候压状,如何作答?
第5章節(jié)跟继,Odysseus臨行前种冬,遭遇Calypso情意濃濃又略有不甘的詢問:
Much as you long to see your wife, the one?you pine for all your days … and yet I just might claim to be nothing less than?she, neither in face norfigure.?Hardly right, is it, for mortal woman to rival immortal goddess? How, in build??in beauty?
在感情方面,女人總是那么的敏感舔糖,又喜歡吃醋娱两,即便是天神的Calypso,也疑惑自己在容貌剩盒,身段和皮膚方面比不上Odysseus家里的凡人妻子谷婆,所以O(shè)dysseus日日思念著家鄉(xiāng)?這個問題無疑是“大老婆和小老婆同時落水纪挎,你救哪一個?” 明智的Odysseus自然兩個人都不能傷害跟匆,他將自己濃烈的思鄉(xiāng)說成想念故鄉(xiāng)的土地异袄,不提妻子Penelope,安慰了Calypso那顆受傷的心玛臂,是那么的善解人意烤蜕。
Ah great goddess, don’t be angry with me,please. All that you say is true, how well I know. Look at my wise Penelope.She falls far short of you, your beauty, stature. She is mortal after all andyou, you never age or die … Nevertheless I long—I pine, all my days— to travel homeand see the dawn of my return.
再看看Telemachus,第3章節(jié)Nestor勸解Telemachus迹冤,有一天你的父親Odysseus會回來讽营,Athena也一直幫助著Odysseus。但是Telemachus不認(rèn)可這些話泡徙,就直接反擊:
“Never, your majesty, that will never cometo pass, I know. What you say dumbfounds me, staggers imagination! Hope, hopeas I will, that day will never dawn … not even if the gods should will it so.”
這讓喬裝幫助Telemachus的Athena非常的難堪和憤怒:
Telemachus! What’s this nonsense slipping?through your teeth? It’slight work for a willing god to save a mortal even half the world away.
但是無知無畏的Telemachus不以為然橱鹏,繼續(xù)表示對父親Odysseus回歸的不相信:distraught as we are forhim, let’s speak of this no more. My father’s return? It’s inconceivable now.Long ago the undying gods have sealed his death, his black doom.
難怪,結(jié)束對Nestor的拜訪堪藐,Athena便借口有事離開了莉兰,可能就是被Telemachus氣跑的。