網(wǎng)絡(luò)和手機(jī)的影響改變了世界以及我們互相之間關(guān)聯(lián)的方式塌忽。取代見面， 我們更多地通過手持設(shè)備來交流芯急。某種意義上勺届，真實(shí)的人消失了，取而代之的是科技和虛擬的朋友志于。有些人甚至說他們更愿意向他們的虛擬朋友袒露心聲而非他們真正的朋友涮因！
The Internet and smartphones have changed the wrold and how we relate to each other. Instead of meeting in person, we increasingly interface through handheld devices. In a sense, real people are being removed, replaced by technology and vitual friends. Some people even say that they prefer to confide in their virtual friends rather than their real friends!
AI, 或者說人工智能， 是另一項(xiàng)極具顛覆性的技術(shù)伺绽。在AI的加持下，手機(jī)和其他設(shè)備將有更多的功能嗜湃。它們能夠與我們交流奈应，和我們開玩笑。他們甚至?xí)蔀閭€(gè)人導(dǎo)師购披， 取代我們?cè)诰€的人類教師杖挣。它們能夠這樣做是因?yàn)樗鼈兡軌蛟L問我們的生活歷史。他們將知道我們有什么難題刚陡，我們的偏好惩妇， 以及任何我們想要學(xué)習(xí)或者嘗試的內(nèi)容。它們能夠適應(yīng)我們的需求并且在任何時(shí)候滿足我們筐乳。所有這些都比使用人類花費(fèi)更少歌殃。
AI, or artificial intelligence, is another technology that is highly disruptive. With AI, smartphone and other devices will have even more capbilities. They will be able to converse with us and tell us jokes. They may even become personal tutors, and replace our online tutors. They will be able to do this because they will have access to our life histories. THey will wihat kind of problems we have, our preferences, and any content we want to learn or practice. They will be able to adapt to our needs and be available at any time. And all of this will cost less than using a human.
事實(shí)上，AI對(duì)人類勞動(dòng)力的替代有潛力改變這個(gè)世界蝙云。專家警告稱智能的機(jī)器可能會(huì)造成大范圍的失業(yè)氓皱。很多勞動(dòng)者將被解雇， 取代他們的是比人類能夠更好完成認(rèn)知型任務(wù)的機(jī)器。 一個(gè)更大的危險(xiǎn)是它們會(huì)發(fā)展出個(gè)性而且變得比人更有趣波材。為孤獨(dú)的人生產(chǎn)AI伴侶的工作已經(jīng)在進(jìn)行中了股淡。
In fact, the substitution of AIs for human labor has the potential to transform the world. Experts warn that smart machines may cause widespread unemployment. Many workers will become retadundant, replaced by machines that can perform cognitive tasks better than people. An even great danger is that they will develop personalities and become more interesting than pepple. Works are already underway to produce AI companions for lonely people.
這些發(fā)展值得我們擔(dān)心還是歡迎？ 它們和過去的發(fā)展有何不同廷区，例如工業(yè)革命唯灵？汽車取代了馬匹；機(jī)器和工業(yè)機(jī)器人取代了工廠的工人隙轻。
Are these developments something to worry or welcome? How are they different from developments in the past, such as the industrial revolution? Cars replaced horses; machines and industrial rebots replaced factory? workers.
既然轉(zhuǎn)換到AI是不可避免的埠帕，決策者的挑戰(zhàn)將是幫助當(dāng)前的勞動(dòng)者獲得新的技能。未來的一代必須準(zhǔn)備好面對(duì)一個(gè)充滿了能夠持續(xù)進(jìn)化和接手新任務(wù)的AI的工作場(chǎng)所大脉。 我們接受挑戰(zhàn)嗎搞监？
Since the shift to AI is inevitable, the challenge for policy makers will be to help existing workers acquire new skills. Future generations must be prepared for a workplace populated with AIs that will continue to develop and take on new tasks, Are we up to the task?
重點(diǎn)詞擴(kuò)展
interface
1
N-COUNT?(學(xué)科或系統(tǒng)間相互影響或銜接的)邊緣區(qū)域,接合部位The interface between two subjects or systems is the area in which they affect each other or have links with each other.
...a witty exploration of that?interface?between bureaucracy and the working world.?
對(duì)官僚階層與勞動(dòng)大眾之間的臨界區(qū)域的風(fēng)趣探究
2
N-COUNT?(軟件的用戶)界面If you refer to the user interface of a particular piece of computing software, you are talking about its presentation on screen and how easy it is to operate.
...the development of better user interfaces.?
更友好的用戶界面的開發(fā)
3
N-COUNT?(計(jì)算機(jī)或電子設(shè)備的)接口In computing and electronics, an interface is an electrical cricuit which links one machine, especially a computer, with another.
4
V-RECIP-ERG?(使)(與…)相互聯(lián)系（或連接）If one thing interfaces with another, or if two things interface, they have connections with each other. If you interface one thing with another, you connect the two things.
...the way we?interface?with the environment...?
我們與環(huán)境相互作用的方式
The different components all have to?interface?smoothly...?
不同的部件都必須能順利接合。
virtual
1
ADJ?幾乎的;實(shí)際上的;事實(shí)上的You can use virtual to indicate that something is so nearly true that for most purposes it can be regarded as true.
Argentina came to a?virtual?standstill while the game was being played...?
在比賽進(jìn)行的時(shí)候镰矿，阿根廷全國幾乎陷入了停頓狀態(tài)琐驴。
He claimed to be a?virtual?prisoner in his own home.?
他說自己在家里簡(jiǎn)直就像是個(gè)囚犯。
2
ADJ?虛擬的;模擬的Virtual objects and activities are generated by a computer to simulate real objects and activities.
Up to four players can compete in a?virtual?world of role playing...?
最多可以有4個(gè)玩家在一個(gè)虛擬世界中扮演角色互相拼殺秤标。
This is a?virtual?shopping centre offering visitors entry to a clutch of well-known etailers without going to their different websites.?
這是一個(gè)虛擬的購物中心绝淡，訪問者在此就可以瀏覽很多著名的網(wǎng)上零售店鋪，而無需分別訪問它們各自的網(wǎng)站苍姜。
confide
VERB?吐露（或傾訴）秘密If you confide in someone, you tell them a secret.
I knew she had some fundamental problems in her marriage because she had confided in me a year earlier...?
我知道她的婚姻存在一些根本性的問題牢酵，早在一年前她就向我傾訴過。
He confided to me that he felt like he was being punished...?
他向我訴說他覺得自己像是在受罰衙猪。
disruptive
ADJ-GRADED?破壞性的;制造混亂的To be disruptive means to prevent something from continuing or operating in a normal way.
Alcohol can produce violent,?disruptive?behavior...?
酒精會(huì)引發(fā)暴力和破壞性行為馍乙。
The process of implementing these changes can be very?disruptive?to a small company.?
對(duì)于小公司來說，實(shí)行這些變革可能會(huì)帶來滅頂之災(zāi)垫释。
converse
1
V-RECIP?(與…)交談;(和…)說話If you converse with someone, you talk to them. You can also say that two people converse .
Luke sat directly behind the pilot and conversed with him...?
盧克就坐在飛行員后面丝格，并且和他說著話。
They were conversing in German, their only common language.?
他們正用德語交談棵譬，這是他們唯一的共同語言显蝌。
2
N-SING?相反的聲明;相反的話;相反的言論The converse of a statement is its opposite or reverse.
What you do for a living is critical to where you settle and how you live — and the?converse?is also true.?
一個(gè)人的謀生手段對(duì)于其居住地的選擇和生活方式來說有著至關(guān)重要的影響，反之亦然订咸。
substitution
1.
In my experience a straight?substitution?of carob for chocolate doesn'twork.?
根據(jù)我的經(jīng)驗(yàn)曼尊，用角豆制品直接代替巧克力行不通。
2.
We use saccharin in?substitution?for sugar.?
我們用糖精代替糖.
3.
Substitution, No.3 for No.4.?
換人,4號(hào)下, 3號(hào)上.
substitute
1
V-ERG?用…代替;取代;替換If you substitute one thing for another, or if one thing substitutes for another, it takes the place or performs the function of the other thing.
They were substituting violence for dialogue...?
他們?cè)谟帽┝θ〈鷮?duì)話脏嚷。
You could always substitute a low-fat soft cheese...?
你總是可以代之以低脂肪的軟奶酪骆撇。
2
N-COUNT?代替者;代替物;代用品A substitute is something that you have or use instead of something else.
She is seeking a substitute for the very man whose departure made her cry.
那個(gè)男人的離去令她傷心痛哭，她正想找一個(gè)人填補(bǔ)內(nèi)心的空缺然眼。
...tests on humans to find a blood substitute made from animal blood.?
為從動(dòng)物血液中提取人血的替代品而在人體上進(jìn)行的試驗(yàn)
3
N-COUNT?令人滿意的替代物;與之媲美的事物If you say that one thing is no substitute for another, you mean that it does not have certain desirable features that the other thing has, and is therefore unsatisfactory. If you say that there is no substitute for something, you mean that it is the only thing which is really satisfactory.
The printed word is no substitute for personal discussion with a great thinker...
閱讀印在紙上的內(nèi)容遠(yuǎn)不如與偉大的思想家面對(duì)面探討那般受益艾船。
There is no substitute for practical experience.?
實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)是無法替代的葵腹。
4
N-COUNT?替補(bǔ)(運(yùn)動(dòng)員)In team games such as football, a substitute is a player who is brought into a match to replace another player.
Coming on as a substitute, he scored four crucial goals for Cameroon.?
作為替補(bǔ)隊(duì)員上場(chǎng)的他為喀麥隆隊(duì)打入了四粒關(guān)鍵進(jìn)球。
1
V-ERG?用…代替;取代;替換If you substitute one thing for another, or if one thing substitutes for another, it takes the place or performs the function of the other thing.
They were substituting violence for dialogue...?
他們?cè)谟帽┝θ〈鷮?duì)話屿岂。
You could always substitute a low-fat soft cheese...?
你總是可以代之以低脂肪的軟奶酪践宴。
2
N-COUNT?代替者;代替物;代用品A substitute is something that you have or use instead of something else.
She is seeking a substitute for the very man whose departure made her cry.
那個(gè)男人的離去令她傷心痛哭，她正想找一個(gè)人填補(bǔ)內(nèi)心的空缺爷怀。
...tests on humans to find a blood substitute made from animal blood.?
為從動(dòng)物血液中提取人血的替代品而在人體上進(jìn)行的試驗(yàn)
3
N-COUNT?令人滿意的替代物;與之媲美的事物If you say that one thing is no substitute for another, you mean that it does not have certain desirable features that the other thing has, and is therefore unsatisfactory. If you say that there is no substitute for something, you mean that it is the only thing which is really satisfactory.
The printed word is no substitute for personal discussion with a great thinker...
閱讀印在紙上的內(nèi)容遠(yuǎn)不如與偉大的思想家面對(duì)面探討那般受益阻肩。
There is no substitute for practical experience.?
實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)是無法替代的。
4
N-COUNT?替補(bǔ)(運(yùn)動(dòng)員)In team games such as football, a substitute is a player who is brought into a match to replace another player.
Coming on as a substitute, he scored four crucial goals for Cameroon.?
作為替補(bǔ)隊(duì)員上場(chǎng)的他為喀麥隆隊(duì)打入了四粒關(guān)鍵進(jìn)球运授。
redundant
1
ADJ?（人員因過剩）被解雇的烤惊，被裁減的If you are made redundant, your employer tells you to leave because your job is no longer necessary or because your employer cannot afford to keep paying you.
My husband was made?redundant?late last year.?
我丈夫去年年底被裁了。
...a?redundant?miner.?
失業(yè)的礦工
2
ADJ?多余的吁朦；不再需要的柒室；過剩的Something that is redundant is no longer needed because its job is being done by something else or because its job is no longer necessary or useful.
Changes in technology may mean that once-valued skills are now?redundant.
技術(shù)上的革新可能意味著曾經(jīng)被重視的技術(shù)現(xiàn)在已變得多余。
...the conversion of?redundant?buildings to residential use.?
將空置大樓改造為住宅
cognitive
1
ADJ?認(rèn)識(shí)過程的;認(rèn)知的Cognitive means relating to the mental process involved in knowing, learning, and understanding things.
As children grow older, their?cognitive?processes become sharper.?
孩子們?cè)介L越大逗宜，他們的認(rèn)知過程變得更為敏銳雄右。
...Vygotsky's theory of?cognitive?development.?
維果斯基的認(rèn)知發(fā)展理論
