轉(zhuǎn)載自
http://blog.csdn.net/forezp/article/details/69939114
在微服務(wù)架構(gòu)中淹父,需要幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵的組件饭尝,服務(wù)注冊(cè)與發(fā)現(xiàn)春寿、服務(wù)消費(fèi)笔喉、負(fù)載均衡肴熏、斷路器鬼雀、智能路由、配置管理等扮超,由這幾個(gè)組件可以組建一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的微服務(wù)架構(gòu)取刃,如下圖:
注意:A服務(wù)和B服務(wù)是可以相互調(diào)用的,作圖的時(shí)候忘記了出刷。并且配置服務(wù)也是注冊(cè)到服務(wù)注冊(cè)中心的璧疗。
客戶(hù)端的請(qǐng)求首先經(jīng)過(guò)負(fù)載均衡(zuul、Ngnix)馁龟,再到達(dá)服務(wù)網(wǎng)關(guān)(zuul集群)崩侠,然后再到具體的服務(wù),服務(wù)統(tǒng)一注冊(cè)到高可用的服務(wù)注冊(cè)中心集群坷檩,服務(wù)的所有的配置文件由配置服務(wù)管理(下一篇文章講述)却音,配置服務(wù)的配置文件放在Git倉(cāng)庫(kù)改抡,方便開(kāi)發(fā)人員隨時(shí)改配置。
一系瓢、Zuul簡(jiǎn)介
Zuul的主要功能是路由和過(guò)濾器阿纤。路由功能是微服務(wù)的一部分,比如/api/user映射到user服務(wù)夷陋,/api/shop映射到shop服務(wù)欠拾。zuul實(shí)現(xiàn)了負(fù)載均衡。
zuul有以下功能:
- Authentication
- Insights
- Stress Testing
- Canary Testing
- Dynamic Routing
- Service Migration
- Load Shedding
- Security
- Static Response handling
- Active/Active traffic management
二骗绕、準(zhǔn)備工作
繼續(xù)使用上一節(jié)的工程藐窄。在原有的工程上,創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新的工程酬土。
三荆忍、創(chuàng)建service-zuul工程
其pom.xml文件如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.forezp</groupId>
<artifactId>service-zuul</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>service-zuul</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zuul</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Dalston.RC1</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>spring-milestones</id>
<name>Spring Milestones</name>
<url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
<snapshots>
<enabled>false</enabled>
</snapshots>
</repository>
</repositories>
</project>
在其入口applicaton類(lèi)加上注解@EnableZuulProxy,開(kāi)啟zuul:
@EnableZuulProxy
@EnableEurekaClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class ServiceZuulApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ServiceZuulApplication.class, args);
}
}
加上配置文件:
eureka:
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
server:
port: 8769
spring:
application:
name: service-zuul
zuul:
routes:
api-a:
path: /api-a/**
serviceId: service-ribbon
api-b:
path: /api-b/**
serviceId: service-feign
首先向eureka注冊(cè)自己撤缴,端口為8769刹枉,服務(wù)名為service-zuul;以/api-a/ 開(kāi)頭的請(qǐng)求都指向service-ribbon屈呕;以/api-b/開(kāi)頭的請(qǐng)求都指向service-feign嘶卧;
依次運(yùn)行這五個(gè)工程;打開(kāi)瀏覽器訪(fǎng)問(wèn):http://localhost:8769/api-a/hi?name=forezp ;瀏覽器顯示:
hi forezp,i am from port:8762
打開(kāi)瀏覽器訪(fǎng)問(wèn):http://localhost:8769/api-b/hi?name=forezp ;瀏覽器顯示:
hi forezp,i am from port:8762
這說(shuō)明zuul起到了路由的作用;
四凉袱、服務(wù)過(guò)濾
zuul不僅只是路由芥吟,并且還能過(guò)濾,做一些安全驗(yàn)證专甩。繼續(xù)改造工程钟鸵;
@Component
public class MyFilter extends ZuulFilter{
private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyFilter.class);
@Override
public String filterType() {
return "pre";
}
@Override
public int filterOrder() {
return 0;
}
@Override
public boolean shouldFilter() {
return true;
}
@Override
public Object run() {
RequestContext ctx = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
HttpServletRequest request = ctx.getRequest();
log.info(String.format("%s >>> %s", request.getMethod(), request.getRequestURL().toString()));
Object accessToken = request.getParameter("token");
if(accessToken == null) {
log.warn("token is empty");
ctx.setSendZuulResponse(false);
ctx.setResponseStatusCode(401);
try {
ctx.getResponse().getWriter().write("token is empty");
}catch (Exception e){}
return null;
}
log.info("ok");
return null;
}
}
- filterType:返回一個(gè)字符串代表過(guò)濾器的類(lèi)型,在zuul中定義了四種不同生命周期的過(guò)濾器類(lèi)型涤躲,具體如下:
- pre:路由之前
- routing:路由之時(shí)
- post: 路由之后
- error:發(fā)送錯(cuò)誤調(diào)用
- filterOrder:過(guò)濾的順序
- shouldFilter:這里可以寫(xiě)邏輯判斷棺耍,是否要過(guò)濾,本文true,永遠(yuǎn)過(guò)濾种樱。
- run:過(guò)濾器的具體邏輯蒙袍。可用很復(fù)雜嫩挤,包括查sql害幅,nosql去判斷該請(qǐng)求到底有沒(méi)有權(quán)限訪(fǎng)問(wèn)。
這時(shí)訪(fǎng)問(wèn):http://localhost:8769/api-a/hi?name=forezp 岂昭;網(wǎng)頁(yè)顯示:
token is empty
訪(fǎng)問(wèn) http://localhost:8769/api-a/hi?name=forezp&token=22 以现; 網(wǎng)頁(yè)顯示:
hi forezp,i am from port:8762