???簡介

The secrets of learning a new language

演講者：Lydia Machová

語言：英語

簡介：想要學習一門新語言婉弹，但感到沮喪或不確定從哪里開始荠卷？ Lydia Machová說列林，你不需要一些特殊才能或“語言基因”瑞你。 在一個樂觀，鼓舞人心的演講中希痴，她揭示了多語言（講多種語言的人）的秘密者甲，并分享了四個原則來幫助釋放你自己隱藏的語言天賦 - 并在這樣做的同時享受樂趣。

?彩蛋?：后臺回復“0430” 可免費獲得萬水整理好的【視頻+word版中英對照翻譯】,如需要砌创，請盡快保存虏缸。

???音頻&視頻

???中英對照演講稿

I love learning foreign languages. In fact, I love it so much that I like to learn a new language every two years, currently working on my eighth one. When people find that out about me, they always ask me, "How do you do that? What's your secret?" And to be honest, for many years, my answer would be, "I don't know. I simply love learning languages." But people were never happy with that answer.?

我喜歡學外語。實際上纺铭，這種癡迷讓我每兩年就想學一門新的外語寇钉，現(xiàn)在我正在學第八門外語。當人們得知此事后舶赔，總是問我扫倡，“你怎么做到的？你的秘訣是什么竟纳？”說實話撵溃，這么多年來，我的回答總是锥累，“我不知道啊缘挑。我只是喜歡學語言⊥奥裕”但是人們從來都不會對這個回答感到滿意语淘。

They wanted to know why they are spending years trying to learn even one language, never achieving fluency, and here I come, learning one language after another. They wanted to know the secret of polyglots, people who speak a lot of languages.?

他們想知道為何他們花了多年試著學習哪怕只有一門語言，卻從未達到流利的程度际歼，而我卻能夠學了一門再學一門惶翻。他們想知道多語言者，即說多種語言的人的秘密鹅心。

And that made me wonder, too, how do actually other polyglots do it? What do we have in common? And what is it that enables us to learn languages so much faster than other people? I decided to meet other people like me and find that out.

我也對此感到好奇吕粗，其他的多語言者到底是怎么做的？我們有什么共同點嗎旭愧？是什么讓我們較之他人能夠更快的學習語言颅筋？我決定見見其他像我一樣的人宙暇，并試著找尋背后的答案。

The best place to meet a lot of polyglots is an event where hundreds of language lovers meet in one place to practice their languages. There are several such polyglot events organized all around the world, and so I decided to go there and ask polyglots about the methods that they use.

能夠遇到很多多語言者的最佳地點是聚集了數(shù)百名多語言者的地方议泵，他們在那里進行練習占贫。世界各地有許多類似的多語言者活動，所以我決定去看看肢簿，打聽一下他們各自使用的方法靶剑。

And so I met Benny from Ireland, who told me that his method is to start speaking from day one. He learns a few phrases from a travel phrasebook and goes to meet native speakers and starts having conversations with them right away.?He doesn't mind making even 200 mistakes a day, because that's how he learns, based on the feedback. And the best thing is, he doesn't even need to travel a lot today, because you can easily have conversations with native speakers from the comfort of your living room, using websites.

我遇到了來自愛爾蘭的本尼，他告訴我他用的方法是從第一天就開始說出口池充。他從一本旅游指南上學了一些詞組桩引，然后就去見母語者，立馬和他們展開對話收夸。他不介意一天犯200個錯誤坑匠，因為這就是他基于反饋的學習方式。最棒的一點是卧惜，如今他甚至不需要出游厘灼，因為你只需要呆在愜意的房間中，就能在網(wǎng)絡上和母語者進行交談咽瓷。

I also met Lucas from Brazil who had a really interesting method to learn Russian. He simply added a hundred random Russian speakers on Skype as friends, and then he opened a chat window with one of them and wrote "Hi" in Russian. And the person replied, "Hi, how are you?"?

我還遇到了來自巴西的盧卡斯设凹，他學習俄語的方法很有意思。他就在Skype上隨機添加了上百個說俄語的人茅姜，然后打開其中一個人的聊天框闪朱，用俄語寫下“嗨”。然后對方回復钻洒，“嗨奋姿，你好嗎？”

Lucas copied this and put it into a text window with another person, and the person replied, "I'm fine, thank you, and how are you?" Lucas copied this back to the first person, and in this way, he had two strangers have a conversation with each other without knowing about it.

盧卡斯了復制這段話素标，再把它發(fā)給另一個人称诗，然后另一個人回復，“我很好头遭，謝謝寓免，你怎么樣？”盧卡斯又把這段話復制發(fā)給第一個人计维，這樣袜香，他就讓兩個陌生人在完全不知情的情況下展開了交談。

And soon he would start typing himself, because he had so many of these conversations that he figured out how the Russian conversation usually starts. What an ingenious method, right?

過不了多久享潜，他就可以自己打字了，因為他看了那么多的對話嗅蔬，已經(jīng)知道俄語的交流大概是怎么開始的了剑按。很聰明的辦法疾就，是吧？

And then I met polyglots who always start by imitating sounds of the language, and others who always learn the 500 most frequent words of the language, and yet others who always start by reading about the grammar. If I asked a hundred different polyglots, I heard a hundred different approaches to learning languages. Everybody seems to have a unique way they learn a language, and yet we all come to the same result of speaking several languages fluently.

此外艺蝴，我還遇到了總是從模仿聲音開始學習語言的多語言者猬腰，從學習500個最常用詞開始的多語言者，以及總是從學習語法開始的多語言者猜敢。如果我去詢問一百個多語言者姑荷，我會聽到關于學習語言方式的一百種不同的答案。每個人似乎都對學習語言有著獨門秘笈缩擂，但是我們最終都能流利的說多種語言鼠冕。

And as I was listening to these polyglot stelling me about their methods, it suddenly dawned on me: the one thing we all have in common is that we simply found ways to enjoy the language-learning process. All of these polyglots were talking about language learning as if it was great fun.?

當我傾聽著這些多語言者講述他們學習語言方法的時候，我突然意識到：我們有一個共同點胯盯，那就是我們找到了享受學習語言這一過程的方法懈费。所有這些多語言者在談論語言學習的時候，都表現(xiàn)得像那是一種趣事博脑。

You should have seen their faces when they were showing me their colorful grammar charts and their carefully handmade flash cards, and their statistics about learning vocabulary using apps, or even how they love to cook based on recipes in a foreign language. All of them use different methods, but they always make sure it's something that they personally enjoy.

你們應該看看當他們向我展示他們多彩的語法表憎乙，專心制作的語言卡片，他們語言學習軟件上的統(tǒng)計量叉趣，甚至他們是如何愛上用外文菜譜燒菜時泞边，臉上自豪的神情。每個人都用著不同的方法疗杉，但是他們做到了讓這件事情變成一種享受阵谚。

I realized that this is actually how I learn languages myself. When I was learning Spanish, I was bored with the text in the textbook. I mean, who wants to read about Jose asking about thedir ections to the train station. Right? I wanted to read "Harry Potter" instead, because that was my favorite book as a child, and I have read it many times.?

我意識到，這實際上也是我學習語言的方式乡数。當我學習西班牙語時椭蹄，我對書本上的文章沒什么興趣。我想說净赴，誰想學胡賽是怎么問去火車站的路的啊绳矩。對吧？相反玖翅，我想讀《哈利·波特》翼馆，因為這是我孩童時期最喜歡的書金度，而且我已經(jīng)閱讀了很多遍应媚。

So I got the Spanish translation of "Harry Potter" and started reading, and sure enough, I didn't understand almost anything at the beginning, but I kept on reading because I loved the book, and by the end of the book, I was able to follow it almost without any problems.

所以我買了本西語版的《哈利·波特》開始閱讀，毫無疑問猜极，最開始我?guī)缀跏裁炊伎床欢薪俏覉猿肿x了下來，因為我喜歡這本書，直到讀完此書丢胚，我基本可以不費力的跟上故事情節(jié)翩瓜。

And the same thing happened when I was learning German. I decided to watch "Friends," my favorite sitcom, in German, and again, at the beginning it was all just gibberish. I didn't know where one word finished and another one started, but I kept on watching every day because it's "Friends." I can watch it in any language. I love it so much. And after the second or third season, seriously, the dialogue started to make sense.

同樣的事情也發(fā)生在我學德語的時候。我決定看我最喜歡的電視劇《老友記》的德語版本携龟，同樣的兔跌，最開始我基本上聽不懂。我不知道一個單詞在何處結束峡蟋，另一個單詞在何處開始坟桅，但是我堅持每天觀看，因為這是《老友記》蕊蝗。我可以看不同的語言版本仅乓。我太喜歡這部劇了。在看完兩季或三季之后匿又，說真的方灾，我能漸漸聽明白對話了。

I only realized this after meeting other polyglots. We are no geniuses and we have no shortcut to learning languages. We simply found ways how to enjoy the process, how to turn language learning from a boring school subject into a pleasant activity which you don't mind doing every day. If you don't like writing words down on paper, you can always type them in an app.?

在我遇到了其他多語言者之后碌更，我才明白這一點裕偿。我們不是天才，我們也沒有學習語言的捷徑痛单。我們只是找到了享受這一過程的方式嘿棘，以及如何將語言學習從一項枯燥的學校課程轉變?yōu)橐豁椖悴唤橐饷刻於甲龅挠腥せ顒印Ｈ绻悴幌矚g在紙上寫單詞旭绒，那你可以在軟件里面打單詞鸟妙。

If you don't like listening to boring textbook material, find interesting content on YouTube or in podcasts for any language. If you're amore introverted person and you can't imagine speaking to native speakers right away, you can apply the method of self-talk.?

如果你不喜歡聽無聊的課程材料，你總是可以在YouTube上或播客里找到任何一種語言的有趣內容挥吵。如果你是個內向的人重父，不愿意馬上就和母語者交談，你總可以和自己練習對話忽匈。

You can talk to yourself in the comfort of your room, describing your plans for the weekend, how your day has been, or even take a random picture from your phone and describe the picture to your imaginary friend. This is how polyglots learn languages, and the best news is, it's available to anyone who is willing to take the learning into their own hands.

你可以在自己的房間里房午，對自己說話，描述你的周末計劃丹允，一天過得怎么樣郭厌，甚至是從你的手機里隨便選一張照片，然后把它描述給你想象中的朋友雕蔽。這就是多語言者學習語言的方式折柠，而好消息是，這種方法對每個想要自主學習語言的人來說批狐，都是可行的扇售。

So meeting other polyglots helped me realize that it is really crucial to find enjoyment in the process of learning languages, but also that joy in itself is not enough. If you want to achieve fluency in a foreign language, you'll also need to apply three more principles.

所以，遇到其他的多語言者讓我意識到在學習語言的過程中，找到樂趣是十分重要的承冰，但是僅憑興趣是不夠的嘱根。如果你想要流利的說一門外語，還需要遵守三大準則巷懈。

First of all, you'll need effective methods. If you try to memorize a list of words for a test tomorrow, the words will be stored in your short-term memory and you'll forget them after a few days. If you, however, want to keep words long term, you need to revise them in the course of a few days repeatedly using the so-called space repetition.?

首先，你需要找到有效的方法慌洪。如果你正為明天的考試復習顶燕，要去試著記住一系列單詞，這些單詞只會被儲存在你的短期記憶里冈爹，而你過幾天就會忘得一干二凈涌攻。相反，如果你想長期記住單詞频伤，就需要隔幾天就復習一下恳谎，用所謂的間隔重復法。

You can use apps which are based on this system such as Anki or Memrise, or you can write lists of word in a notebook using the Goldlist method, which is also very popular with many polyglots. If you're not sure which methods are effective and what is available out there, just check out polyglots' YouTube channels and websites and get inspiration from them. If it works for them, it will most probably work for you too.

你可以試試基于這種方法設計的軟件憋肖，譬如Anki或Memrise因痛，或是在筆記本上用“黃金列表”法寫下一系列單詞，這也在許多多語言者之間十分流行岸更。如果你不確定什么方法是有效的鸵膏，以及現(xiàn)在有些什么方法，那么就去看看多語言者的YouTube和主頁怎炊，你可以從那里獲得靈感谭企。如果這些方法對他們適用，那么可能也對你適用评肆。

The third principle to follow is to create a system in your learning. We're all very busy and no one really has time to learn a language today. But we can create that time if we just plan a bit ahead. Can you wake up 15 minutes earlier than you normally do? That would be the perfect time to revise some vocabulary.?

你需要遵守的第三個原則就是制定一套自己的學習體系债查。如今我們都很忙，沒有人真正有時間去學習一門語言瓜挽。但是如果我們事前計劃一下盹廷，就能擠出那個時間。你可以比平時早起15分鐘嗎秸抚？這段時間可以用來復習一些單詞速和。

Can you listen to a podcast on your way to work while driving? Well, that would be great to get some listening experience. There are so many things we can do without even planning that extrati me, such as listening to podcasts on our way to work or doing our house holdchores.?

你可以在開車去上班時聽一段博客嗎？這可以算是很不錯的聽力練習剥汤。甚至不需要提前規(guī)劃時間颠放，我們也可以做很多事情，比如在上班的路上或是做家務時吭敢，我們可以聽聽播客碰凶。

The important thing is to create a plan in the learning. "I will practice speaking every Tuesday and Thursday with a friend for 20 minutes. I will listen to a YouTube video while having breakfast." If you create a system in your learning, you don't need to find that extra time, because it will become a part of your everyday life.

重要的是，制定一個學習計劃∮停“我要在每周二和每周四和朋友練習20分鐘口語辕宏。吃早飯時，我要聽一段YouTube視頻砾莱∪鹂穑”如果你建立了自己的學習體系，就不需要擠出額外的時間腊瑟，因為這已經(jīng)成為你每日生活的一部分了聚假。

And finally, if you want to learn a language fluently, you need also a bit of patience. It's not possible to learn a language within two months, but it's definitely possible to make a visible improvement in two months, if you learn in small chunks every day in a way that you enjoy. And there is nothing that motivates us more than our own success.

最后，如果你想要流利掌握一門語言闰非，還需要一點耐心膘格。一個人不可能在兩個月之內就掌握一門語言，但是如果你以自己喜歡的方式每天學習一點點的話财松，在兩個月之內肯定可以取得顯著的進步瘪贱。沒有比我們自己的成功更能激勵我們的了。

I vividly remember the moment when Iunder stood the first joke in German when watching "Friends." I was so happy and motivated that I just kept on watching that day two more episodes, and as I kept watching, I had more and more of those moments of understanding,these little victories, and step by step, I got to a level where I could use the language freely and fluently to express anything. This is a wonderful feeling. I can't get enough of that feeling, and that's why I learn a language every two years.

我清晰的記得辆毡，當我第一次看懂德語版《老友記》里面的笑話時的情形菜秦。我十分開心，備受鼓舞舶掖，又忍不住多看了兩集喷户。隨著我不斷觀看，我能看懂的片段越來越多访锻，這些小小的成就積少成多褪尝，使我可以自由熟練的使用這個語言去表達任何事物。這種感覺太棒了期犬。這種感覺總是讓我意猶未盡河哑，就成了我每兩年就學習一門語言的原因。

So this is the whole polyglot secret. Find effective methods which you can use systematically over the period of some time in a way which you enjoy, and this is how polyglots learn languages with in months, not years.

這也是所有多語言者的秘密龟虎。找到你可以在一段時間內系統(tǒng)使用的有效方法璃谨，而且你還很享受這個過程，這就是多語言者在數(shù)月而非數(shù)年內就能學會語言的秘訣鲤妥。

Now, some of you may be thinking, "That's all very nice to enjoy language learning, but isn't the real secret that you polyglots are just super talented and most of us aren't?"

你們中的有些人可能會想佳吞，“享受語言學習固然美好，但是真正的秘密難道不是你們多語言者天生就比我們更擅長學習語言嗎棉安？”

Well, there's one thing I haven't told you about Benny and Lucas. Benny had 11 years of Irish Gaelic and five years of German at school. He couldn't speak them at all when graduating. Up to the age of 21, he thought he didn't have the language gene and he could not speak another language. Then he started to look for his way of learning languages, which was speaking to native speakers and getting feedback from them, and today Benny can easily have a conversation in 10 languages.

先別急底扳，關于本尼和盧卡斯，有件事我還沒說贡耽。本尼在學校時學習了11年的愛爾蘭蓋德爾語和5年的德語衷模。而當他畢業(yè)時鹊汛，卻還完全不會用。直到21歲阱冶，他都認為自己沒有語言天分刁憋，也學不會其他的語言。然后他開始找尋適合自己的語言學習方式木蹬，那就是和母語者交談至耻，并從他們那里得到反饋，而今天本尼可以毫不費力的用10種語言進行交流镊叁。

Lucas tried to learn English at school for 10 years. He was one of the worst students in class. His friends even made fun of him and gave him a Russian textbook as a joke because they thought he would never learn that language, or any language. And then Lucas started to experiment with methods, looking for his own way to learn, for example, by having Skype chat conversations with strangers. And after just 10 years, Lucas is able to speak 11 languages fluently.

盧卡斯在學校學了10年的英語有梆。他是課堂上最差的學生之一。他的朋友們甚至取笑他意系，給了他一本俄語教材，想看他笑話饺汹，因為他們認為他永遠也不可能學會俄語蛔添，或是任何一門外言。然后盧卡斯開始試驗其他方法兜辞，尋找適合自己的學習方式迎瞧，比如，用Skype和陌生人聊天逸吵。僅僅10年后凶硅，盧卡斯已經(jīng)可以流利的說11種語言。

Does that sound like a miracle? Well, I see such miracles every single day. As a language mentor, I help people learn languages by themselves, and I see this every day. People struggle with language learning for five, 10, even 20 years, and then they suddenly take their learning into their own hands, start using materials which they enjoy, more effective methods, or they start tracking their learning so that they can appreciate their own progress, and that's when suddenly they magically find the language talent that they were missing all their lives.

這聽起來是不是很神奇扫皱？如果是這樣足绅，那么我每天都會看到類似的奇跡。作為一名語言教師韩脑，我?guī)椭藗冏詫W語言氢妈，我每天都能看到奇跡發(fā)生。有些人5年段多、10年甚至20年都在語言學習中掙扎首量，然后他們突然就能夠將學習掌握在自己的手中，開始使用他們感興趣的材料进苍，更加有效的方法加缘，或是開始記錄自己的學習進度，這樣他們才能肯定自己的進步觉啊。就在這段時間拣宏，他們突然神奇般的找到了自以為一直欠缺的語言才能。

So if you've also tried to learn a language and you gave up, thinking it's too difficult or you don't have the language talent, give it another try. Maybe you're also just one enjoyable method away from learning that language fluently. Maybe you're just one method away from becoming a polyglot.

如果你也曾試著學習一門語言杠人，然后你因為它太難了蚀浆，或是覺得自己沒有語言天賦而放棄了缀程，再試試吧∈锌。或許你離熟練的說一門語言只差一種合適的杨凑，讓你樂在其中的方法。也許你離成為一名多語言者摆昧，只差那一種方法撩满。

Thank you.(Applause)

謝謝。（掌聲）

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