「哈佛大學(xué)終生教授腐螟，美國(guó)工程院院士愿汰，清華大學(xué)講座教授。長(zhǎng)期從事系統(tǒng)控制科學(xué)及工程應(yīng)用研究乐纸，在最優(yōu)控制衬廷、微分對(duì)策、團(tuán)隊(duì)論汽绢、離散事件動(dòng)態(tài)系統(tǒng)和智能系統(tǒng)等方面做出了重大貢獻(xiàn)」
My recent attendance at meetings in Xian and HongKong, allowed me to listen to many interesting talks and good presentations. As a student of giving talks and advice giver for making presentations, I am moved to make some observations on delivering talks.
People have caught onto the use of animation in PowerPoint slides. Many such use are impressive and effective. The general level of presentations have definitely improved in recent years. What I? mentioned below are another set of details speaker and slide preparer should paid attention to so? that they further enhance their effort.
1. Many speaker still put far more information and content on each slides with the result that they don't have time to explain all the stuff on the slide and cause only distractions. In fact, if you don't? have time to explain what you put on a slide then the information should not be there on the slide! Put everything you can think of on a slide may sooth your conscience of being complete but you? achieve the exact opposite result of confusing the audience. One should use this criterion as a test when you rehearse your talk. A necessary but not sufficient condition for a good talk is to be able to explain everything on the slides in the allotted time. I have said this before. Your job giving a talk is NOT to satisfy yourself but to make your talk interesting and understandable to the audience.? There is no need to say everything you know in a talk.
2.? Every math symbol, equation, and graphics you introduce in a slide of you talk should always? be done BECAUSE? you need to use them repeatedly. Not only this reinforces the shorthand notation but also minimizes content of a slide and explanation required. Otherwise there are no reason? for their use except adding more confusion. Using symbols and equations may be rigorous and precise but unless done carefully their use only adds confusion. Your job is to be conceptually and logically rigorous in giving a talk but NOT mathematically rigorous. These two views of being faithful to your audience should not be confused. In fact, I'd argue that using too much mathematics in your talk is actually cowardly and taking the easy way out. Being understandable and conceptually? faithful at the same time are much more difficult. But the effort is well worthwhile and will pay off? for you in unexpected ways years into the future.
3. The purpose of a math symbol in lectures and writing is a SHORTHAND. When you have to? express a concept or an idea REPEATEDLY, you use a symbol or a string of symbols (I.e. An equation) to save time/ words and to be precise provided the symbols have been defined previously. In a? lecture it is difficult for the audience to remember many definitions once they have been introduced. Thus use symbols very SPARINGLY and ONLY when you are convinced that you will need them? many times in the course of your lecture so that you can reinforce the definition and concepts.
4. The idea of careful use and reinforcement of symbols apply even more to graphics and animation. Yes, a picture is worth a thousand words. A carefully designed graphics reused several times in a talk with different detail animation or data can tell ten thousand words. That is taking the art of? presentation to a new higher level.
Thus, in summary here, in my opinion, is a checklist for every prepared presentation:
1. Make sure you can explain EVERYTHING you put on a slide in the time allotted . In general use? no more than two minutes per slide => about 15 slides for a 30 minute talk.確保在預(yù)定時(shí)間內(nèi)你可以解釋所有你所放進(jìn)PPT的東西吗跋。（解析:一是時(shí)間觀念每張分配多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，一張不要超過(guò)2分鐘宁昭，一個(gè)報(bào)告在15到30分鐘為宜跌宛，二是你放的即你懂，要都能當(dāng)場(chǎng)解釋的清楚）
2. Use symbols, equations and graphics only when you are convinced that you will use them repeatedly in your talk. They need to be reinforced.解析:只有當(dāng)你確定你在演講中會(huì)反復(fù)用到某些符號(hào)积仗，方程疆拘，圖表時(shí)，才放在PPT上寂曹，此時(shí)為了突出某個(gè)符號(hào)哎迄，方程，圖表的重要性隆圆，不得不解釋?zhuān)欧派先ナ浚话悴灰赑PT上放，演講PPT更多關(guān)注的是邏輯自洽渺氧，講好這個(gè)故事旨涝。
3. Prepared your talk from the viewpoint of the audience. Think how they would like things explained to them.解析:有同理心，假設(shè)你自己是臺(tái)下的觀眾侣背，希望那些東西如何被解釋才最被接受白华？那么就按照觀眾的眼光去準(zhǔn)備你的這個(gè)演講。
4. You should always start preparing and rehearsing your talk weeks in adavance. Improve and memorizing it to the point that you only need the PowePoint slides to help you deliver the talk.解析:公眾場(chǎng)合演講最好提前把PPT背熟贩耐，在正式開(kāi)始前反復(fù)演練衬鱼，PPT只是幫助你更好地傳達(dá)你所想表達(dá)內(nèi)容的媒介，照著念會(huì)被人瞧不起的憔杨，早點(diǎn)下臺(tái)免得耽誤觀眾時(shí)間鸟赫。
