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TPO8
The Rise of Teotihuacán
【單詞】
metropolis：n. 大都市
obsidian：n. 黑曜石
pinpoint：v. 查明
shrine：n. 圣地舔糖，圣陵颤练，神龕
millenium：n. 千年期
ingenuity：n. 足智多謀氮唯，心靈手巧
foresightedness：n. 先見之明
circumstantially：adv. 依照情況地，偶然地
implicated：adj. 密切關(guān)聯(lián)的膛壹，牽涉其中的
rival：n. 對手
modest：adj. 謙虛的，適度的，適中的换衬，端莊的痰驱，害羞的
predominant：adj. 主要的
secure：adj. 安全的
commodity：n. 商品
exotic：adj. 異國的
magnet：n. 磁鐵
thriving：adj. 繁榮的，欣欣向榮的
coerce：v. 逼迫瞳浦，威脅担映，強(qiáng)迫
edge：n. 邊，優(yōu)勢
pottery：n. 陶器
artifacts：n. 史前古器物
【長難句】
- Among the main factors are Teotihuacán’s geographic location on a natural trade route to the south and east of the Valley of Mexico, the obsidian resources in the Teotihuacán Valley itself, and the valley’s potential for extensive irrigation.
- The exact role of other factors is much more difficult to pinpoint―for instance, Teotihuacán’s religious significance as a shrine, the historical situation in and around the Valley of Mexico toward the end of the first millennium B.C., the ingenuity and foresightedness of Teotihuacán’s elite, and, finally, the impact of natural disasters, such as the volcanic eruptions of the late first millennium B.C.
- The archaeological evidence clearly indicates, though, that Teotihuacán was the center that did arise as the predominant force in the area by the first century A.D.
- It is also probable that as early as 200 B.C.Teotihuacán may have achieved some religious significance and its shrine (or shrines) may have served as an additional population magnet.
- The growing power of the elite, who controlled the economy, would give them the means to physically coerce people to move to Teotihuacán and serve as additions to the labor force.
【錯題】
9.Which of the following allowed Teotihuacán to have “a competitive edge over its neighbors”?
A. A well-exploited and readily available commodity
B. The presence of a highly stable elite class
C. Knowledge derived directly from the Olmecs about the art of toolmaking
D. Scarce natural resources in nearby areas such as those located in what are now the Guatemalan and Mexican highlands
你的答案：D正確答案：A
【原文參考】
It seems likely that Teotihuacán’s natural resources, along with the city elite’s ability to recognize their potential, gave the city a competitive edge over its neighbors . The valley, like many other places in Mexican and Guatemalan highlands, was rich in obsidian. The hard volcanic stone was a resource that had been in great demand for many years, at least since the rise of the Olmecs (a people who flourished between 1200 and 400 B.C.), and it apparently had a secure market. Moreover, recent research on obsidian tools found at Olmec sites has shown that some of the obsidian obtained by the Olmecs originated near Teotihuacán. Teotihuacán obsidian must have been recognized as a valuable commodity for many centuries before the great city arose.
【解析】
關(guān)鍵詞已經(jīng)劃出叫潦，所在句說natural resourc給了這個地方edge另萤，然后就用大量筆墨說obsidian黑曜石是這里一種很主要的資源，所以答案是存在commodity诅挑，A正確四敞；注意B項頗具干擾性，使城市有優(yōu)勢的不是elite拔妥，是他們對于這種潛力的認(rèn)識忿危；C完全沒提到；D說到了資源没龙，但又說資源是在鄰近的地方铺厨，也錯。
13.Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.Where would the sentence best fit?
In fact, artifacts and pottery from Teotihuacán have been discovered in sites as far away as the Mayan lowlands, the Guatemalan highlands, northern Mexico, and the Gulf Coast of Mexico..
你的答案：C正確答案：D
【原文參考】
The city of Teotihuacán, which lay about 50 kilometers northeast of modern-day Mexico City, began its growth by 200-100 B.C. At its height, between about A.D. 150 and 700, it probably had a population of more than 125,000 people and covered at least 20 square kilometers. [■]It had over 2,000 apartment complexes, a great market, a large number of industrial workshops, an administrative center, a number of massive religious edifices, and a regular grid pattern of streets and buildings. [■]Clearly, much planning and central control were involved in the expansion and ordering of this great metropolis. [■]Moreover, the city had economic and perhaps religious contacts with most parts of Mesoamerica (modern Central America and Mexico). [■]
【解析】
四個地名是過渡點(diǎn)硬纤，說明正確插入點(diǎn)之前必須有說到位置的解滓，而四個選項中只有D之前有Mesoamrica，所以答案只能是D筝家。排除法也可以洼裤，A之后的代詞it指第一句中的主語T，過渡緊密溪王，不選腮鞍；B之后的planning和metropolis對應(yīng)B之前的一系列設(shè)施，過渡緊密莹菱，不選移国；C之后的moreover與之前過渡緊密，不選道伟。
Extinction of the Dinosaurs
【長難句】
- Many plants and animals disappear abruptly from the fossil record as one moves from layers of rock documenting the end of the Cretaceous up into rocks representing the beginning of the Cenozoic (the era after the Mesozoic).
- Scientists felt that they could get an idea of how long the extinctions took by determining how long it took to deposit this one centimeter of clay and they thought they could determine the time it took to deposit the clay by determining the amount of the element iridium (Ir) it contained.
【錯題】
8.In paragraph 4, all the following questions are answered EXCEPT:
A. Why is there a layer of clay between the rocks of the Cretaceous and Cenozoic?
B. Why were scientists interested in determining how long it took to deposit the layer of clay at the end of the Cretaceous?
C. What was the effect of the surprising observation scientists made?
D. Why did scientists want more information about the dinosaur extinctions at the end of the Cretaceous?
你的答案：C正確答案：A
【原文參考】
Dissatisfaction with conventional explanations for dinosaur extinctions led to a surprising observation that, in turn, has suggested a new hypothesis. Many plants and animals disappear abruptly from the fossil record as one moves from layers of rock documenting the end of the Cretaceous up into rocks representing the beginning of the Cenozoic (the era after the Mesozoic). Between the last layer of Cretaceous rock and the first layer of Cenozoic rock, there is often a thin layer of clay. Scientists felt that they could get an idea of how long the extinctions took by determining how long it took to deposit this one centimeter of clay and they thought they could determine the time it took to deposit the clay by determining the amount of the element iridium (Ir) it contained.
【解析】
A的layer of clay定位至倒數(shù)第二句： Between the last layer of Cretaceous rock and the first layer of Cenozoic rock, there is often a thin layer of clay. 但原文只是說有l(wèi)ayer迹缀，沒說為什么有，所以A的問題沒得到回答蜜徽，選祝懂； B的how long和deposit 定位至最后一句，正確娜汁，不選： Scientists felt that they could get an idea of how long the extinctions took by determining how long it took to deposit this one centimeter of clay and they thought they could determine the time it took to deposit the clay by determining the amount of the element iridium (lr) it contained. C的surprising observation對應(yīng)第一句和第二句： Dissatisfaction with conventional explanations for dinosaur extinctions led to a surprising observation that, in turn, has suggested a new hypothesis. C直接對應(yīng)嫂易，正確，不選掐禁；D也對應(yīng)第一句怜械，說對傳統(tǒng)理論的不滿颅和，導(dǎo)致了一個observation和相應(yīng)的假說，所以D正確缕允，不選峡扩。
Running Water on Mars
【單詞】
runoff：n. [水文]徑流
outflow：n. 流出
relic：n. 遺跡
catastrophic：adj. 災(zāi)難性的
equatorial：adj. 赤道的
onrushing：adj. 洶涌的，猛沖的
odd：adj. 古怪的障本，奇數(shù)的教届，剩余的，臨時的
delta：n. 三角洲
mission specialist：任務(wù)專家
rim：n. 邊
proponent：n. 建議者
terraced：adj. 臺形的驾霜，階地的
conceivably：adv. 令人信服地
detractor：n. 貶低者案训，誹謗者
depress：v. 壓抑
hemisphere：n. 半球
carbonate：n. 碳酸鹽
aside from：除……之外，暫且不論
gully：n. 沖溝粪糙，溪谷
inconclusive：adj. 不確定的强霎，非決定性的
permafrost：n. 永久凍土
polar caps：極冠，極地冰冠
【長難句】
- They bear a strong resemblance to river systems on Earth, and geologists think that they are dried-up beds of long-gone rivers that once carried rainfall on Mars from the mountains down into the valleys.
- The onrushing water arising from these flash floods likely also formed the odd teardrop-shaped “islands” (resembling the miniature versions seen in the wet sand of our beaches at low tide) that have been found on the plains close to the ends of the outflow channels.
- Judging from the width and depth of the channels, the flow rates must have been truly enormous—perhaps as much as a hundred times greater than the 105 tons per second carried by the great Amazon river.
- A 2003 Mars Global Surveyor image shows what mission specialists think may be a delta—a fan-shaped network of channels and sediments where a river once flowed into a larger body of water, in this case a lake filling a crater in the southern highlands.
- A computer-generated view of the Martian north polar region shows the extent of what may have been an ancient ocean covering much of the northern lowlands.
- The Hellas Basin, which measures some 3,000 kilometers across and has a floor that lies nearly 9 kilometers below the basin’s rim, is another candidate for an ancient Martian sea.
- Proponents point to features such as the terraced “beaches” shown in one image, which could conceivably have been left behind as a lake or ocean evaporated and the shoreline receded.
- But detractors maintain that the terraces could also have been created by geological activity, perhaps related to the geologic forces that depressed the Northern Hemisphere far below the level of the south, in which case they have nothing whatever to do with Martian water.
- Yet even setting aside the unproven hints of ancient oceans, the extent of the outflow channels suggests that a huge total volume of water existed on Mars in the past.
- The answer may be that virtually all the water on Mars is now locked in the permafrost layer under the surface, with more contained in the planet’s polar caps.
【錯題】
6.According to paragraph 2, all of the following are true of the outflow channels on Mars EXCEPT:
A. They formed at around the same time that volcanic activity was occurring on the northern plains.
B. They are found only on certain parts of the Martian surface.
C. They sometimes empty onto what appear to have once been the wet sands of tidal beaches.
D. They are thought to have carried water northward from the equatorial regions.
你的答案：D正確答案：C
【原文參考】
Outflow channels are probably relics of catastrophic flooding on Mars long ago. They appear only in equatorial regions and generally do not form extensive interconnected networks. Instead, they are probably the paths taken by huge volumes of water draining from the southern highlands into the northern plains. The onrushing water arising from these flash floods likely also formed the odd teardrop-shaped “islands” (resembling the miniature versions seen in the wet sand of our beaches at low tide) that have been found on the plains close to the ends of the outflow channels. Judging from the width and depth of the channels, the flow rates must have been truly enormous—perhaps as much as a hundred times greater than the 105 tons per second carried by the great Amazon river. Flooding shaped the outflow channels approximately 3 billion years ago, about the same times as the northern volcanic plains formed.
【解析】
EXCEPT題蓉冈，排除法城舞。A的volcanic activity做關(guān)鍵詞定位至最后一句，正確寞酿，不選家夺；B的certain parts與原文第二句的equatorial regions同義重合，正確伐弹，不選拉馋；C的beaches做關(guān)鍵詞定位至倒數(shù)第三句，但原文說洪水形成的小島形狀像海灘上的沙子掸茅，跟C說的不同椅邓，所以C錯柠逞，選昧狮；D的northward做關(guān)鍵詞定位至第三句，再結(jié)合第二句板壮，說明D正確逗鸣，不選。
7.All of the following questions about geological features on Mars are answered in paragraph 3 EXCEPT:
A. What are some regions of Mars that may have once been covered with an ocean?
B. Where do mission scientists believe that the river forming the delta emptied?
C. Approximately how many craters on Mars do mission scientists believe may once have been lakes filled with water?
D. During what period of Mars’ history do some scientists think it may have had large bodies of water?
你的答案：D正確答案：C
【原文參考】
Some scientists speculate that Mars may have enjoyed an extended early Period during which rivers, lakes, and perhaps even oceans adorned its surface. A 2003 Mars Global Surveyor image shows what mission specialists think may be a delta—a fan-shaped network of channels and sediments where a river once flowed into a larger body of water, in this case a lake filling a crater in the southern highlands. Other researchers go even further, suggesting that the data provide evidence for large open expenses of water on the early Martian surface. A computer-generated view of the Martian north polar region shows the extent of what may have been an ancient ocean covering much of the northern lowlands. The Hellas Basin, which measures some 3,000 kilometers across and has a floor that lies nearly 9 kilometers below the basin’s rim, is another candidate for an ancient Martian sea.
【解析】
EXCEPT題绰精，排除法撒璧。A的regions做關(guān)鍵詞定位至第二句的后半部分和倒數(shù)第二句，正確笨使，不選卿樱；B的delta做關(guān)鍵詞定位至原文第二句，正確硫椰，不選繁调；C的craters做關(guān)鍵詞定位至第二句萨蚕，但原文只說有crater被填滿，沒說幾個蹄胰，所以C錯岳遥，選；D的large bodies of water與原文第一句的rivers, lakes and even oceans同義重合裕寨，正確浩蓉，不選。
8.According to paragraph 3, images of Mars’ surface have been interpreted as support for the idea that
A. the polar regions of Mars were once more extensive than they are now
B. a large part of the northern lowlands may once have been under water
C. deltas were once a common feature of the Martian landscape
D. the shape of the Hellas Basin has changed considerably over time
你的答案：A正確答案：B
【原文參考】
Some scientists speculate that Mars may have enjoyed an extended early Period during which rivers, lakes, and perhaps even oceans adorned its surface. A 2003 Mars Global Surveyor image shows what mission specialists think may be a delta—a fan-shaped network of channels and sediments where a river once flowed into a larger body of water, in this case a lake filling a crater in the southern highlands. Other researchers go even further, suggesting that the data provide evidence for large open expenses of water on the early Martian surface. A computer-generated view of the Martian north polar region shows the extent of what may have been an ancient ocean covering much of the northern lowlands. The Hellas Basin, which measures some 3,000 kilometers across and has a floor that lies nearly 9 kilometers below the basin’s rim, is another candidate for an ancient Martian sea.
【解析】
排除法宾袜。A的polar做關(guān)鍵詞定位至倒數(shù)第二句捻艳，原文沒說比現(xiàn)在更extensive，錯庆猫，不選讯泣；同時這句話說北部的lowland可能是個ancient ocean，與B選項說的在水下是同義重現(xiàn)阅悍，所以B正確好渠，選；C的deltas做關(guān)鍵詞定位至第二句节视，原文沒說common拳锚，錯，不選寻行；D的專有名詞定位至最后一句霍掺，沒說變化，錯拌蜘，不選杆烁。
12.Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit?
These landscape features differ from runoff channels in a number of ways..
你的答案：C正確答案：A
【原文參考】
Outflow channels are probably relics of catastrophic flooding on Mars long ago. [■]They appear only in equatorial regions and generally do not form extensive interconnected networks. [■]Instead, they are probably the paths taken by huge volumes of water draining from the southern highlands into the northern plains. [■]The onrushing water arising from these flash floods likely also formed the odd teardrop-shaped “islands” (resembling the miniature versions seen in the wet sand of our beaches at low tide) that have been found on the plains close to the ends of the outflow channels. [■]Judging from the width and depth of the channels, the flow rates must have been truly enormous—perhaps as much as a hundred times greater than the 105 tons per second carried by the great Amazon river.
【解析】
A，兩個過渡點(diǎn)简卧，these landscape features和a number of ways兔魂，特別注意a number of ways應(yīng)該是個提綱性的句子，所以應(yīng)該盡量往前插举娩，后面的若干句話都在敘述outflow與runoff channel的不同析校，所以A正確。these landscape features指代前面的relics of catastrophic flooding铜涉。
