首先我們一起來看一下兩道雅思大作文題目：
(1) In many countries, there is no enough recycling of waste materials (e.g. paper, glass, cans). What are the reasons and solutions?
(2) Some people think governments should focus on reducing environmental pollution and housing problems to help prevent illness and disease. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
讀完這兩道題目锹雏，可能很多考生還是無法理解這2道題目的共同點(diǎn)在哪里驹饺。事實(shí)上器虾，第1題考察的是環(huán)保方式（關(guān)于回收）执解，而第2題考察的是環(huán)境類中的環(huán)境問題與疾病間的關(guān)系招刹。所以從宏觀上來講涕俗，都是環(huán)保類的相關(guān)題目，只是前者關(guān)于環(huán)弊得校考得稍微少了一些挠将，可能沒有引起大家的注意胳岂。
如何能在考場(chǎng)上十分順暢地完成一篇環(huán)境類話題的作文這也許是目前絕大多數(shù)考生碰到的一個(gè)問題编整。本文中，朗閣海外考試研究中心的專家將從橙榉幔考題目和備考要點(diǎn)這兩個(gè)方面給大家全面展示環(huán)境類話題的復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)掌测。
1
常考話題
一般來講，環(huán)保類話題分為三種類型汞斧，分別為環(huán)境類夜郁，動(dòng)物類及資源類。而這三種類型的題目都有一些母題粘勒【憾耍考生在準(zhǔn)備期間就可以按照這些母題來準(zhǔn)備，后面任何題目?jī)?nèi)容的轉(zhuǎn)變都是萬變不離其宗的庙睡。
1. 環(huán)境類
(1) Some people think that environmental problems are too big for individuals to solve. Only governments and large companies can make a difference. To what extent do you agree or disagree?（關(guān)于誰為環(huán)境保護(hù)負(fù)責(zé)）
(2) Some people believe that air travel should be restricted because it causes serious pollution and will use up the world’s resources. To what extent do you agree or disagree?（交通工具的利弊比較）
2. 動(dòng)物類
(1) Some people think it is necessary to use animals for testing medicines intended for human use. Others, however, think it is cruel to do that. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.（關(guān)于是否要用動(dòng)物做實(shí)驗(yàn)的討論）
(2) Many animal species in the world is becoming extinct. Some people say countries and other individuals should protect these animals from dying out, while others say we should concentrate more on problems of human beings. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.（關(guān)于是否要保護(hù)瀕危動(dòng)物的討論）
3. 資源類
(1) Many countries use fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas) as the main source of energy. However, in some countries the use of alternative sources of energy such as wind energy and solar energy are encouraged. To what extent do you agree or disagree?（關(guān)于化石燃料和新能源的對(duì)比）
2
備考建議
朗閣海外考試研究中心的專家認(rèn)為事富，在明確了上述常出考題的情況下，就要著手開始準(zhǔn)備了乘陪。一般情況统台，我們建議按照詞匯，背景知識(shí)和段落書寫這三個(gè)方面去準(zhǔn)備啡邑。而其中贱勃，詞匯和背景知識(shí)是可以合在一起準(zhǔn)備的，多讀國(guó)外的一些報(bào)刊谤逼，雜志或新聞都不乏是一種比較有效的積累知識(shí)的方式贵扰。下面給大家提供到的一些段落就來自于學(xué)術(shù)網(wǎng)站，其中與環(huán)境相關(guān)的一些詞匯已經(jīng)有重點(diǎn)地為大家標(biāo)出森缠，考生可以重點(diǎn)記憶拔鹰。
1. 背景知識(shí)的拓展
(1) 國(guó)際問題
一些自然因素(natural fact)例如海洋和風(fēng)并不會(huì)限制在(be confined to)特定的國(guó)境中(national boundaries)，因此一個(gè)國(guó)家的污染往往會(huì)對(duì)其他國(guó)家的環(huán)境產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重的影響(have serious environmental consequences)贵涵。這些問題包括石油泄漏(oil spills)和沙塵暴(dust storms)等等列肢。
例如2005年，中國(guó)東北地區(qū)(northeastern China)的一個(gè)化工廠(chemical plant)爆炸(explode)宾茂，使得大量有毒物質(zhì)泄漏并進(jìn)入松花江(spill toxins into the Songhua River)瓷马，進(jìn)而污染了處于松花江下游地區(qū)(downstream from the spill)一些俄羅斯城市的飲用水(drinking water)。
(2) 國(guó)際所做的一些事情來保護(hù)環(huán)境
為應(yīng)對(duì)全球氣候變暖(global warming)跨晴，不少國(guó)家要求對(duì)發(fā)電廠(power plants)的碳污染水平(carbon pollution levels)加以限制欧聘，因?yàn)榘l(fā)電廠排放的溫室氣體(greenhouse gas emissions)就能占總排放量的三分之一。為了降低碳污染的水平端盆，除了要提高以燒煤發(fā)電的工廠(coal-fired power plants)的效率外(more efficient)怀骤，還可以鼓勵(lì)多使用例如風(fēng)能和太陽(yáng)能(wind and solar power)等可再生能源(renewable sources of energy)，并建造核能發(fā)電廠(nuclear power plants)來降低對(duì)化石燃料(fossil fuels)的依賴焕妙。
另外蒋伦，各國(guó)政府還鼓勵(lì)群眾選擇環(huán)境友好的生活方式(make eco-friendly lifestyle choices)，減少焚鹊、再使用和循環(huán)利用廢料(reduce, reuse and recycle waste)痕届，培養(yǎng)(cultivate)人們的環(huán)保意識(shí)。
(3) 如何保護(hù)瀕危動(dòng)物
林業(yè)和棲息地的保護(hù)(Forestry and habitat protection)，人工繁殖(captive breeding)研叫，建立(setting up)更多的自然保護(hù)區(qū)(nature reserves)和公園杜漠，拒絕使用瀕危動(dòng)物或稀有動(dòng)物生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品(products)（皮媒峡，鱷魚皮匕争，象牙等太，等等）(Fur, Crocodile skin, Ivory, etc.)。政府可以為國(guó)際貿(mào)易(international trade)制定動(dòng)物保護(hù)的法律法規(guī)(make animal protection laws and regulations)申屹∷涑科學(xué)家們正建立可以保存(preserve)動(dòng)物遺傳物質(zhì)(genetic material)的基因庫(kù)(gene banks)。
(4) 新能源的使用情況
水力發(fā)電(Hydroelectric power)是美國(guó)目前最大的可再生能源(producer of renewable power)独柑。2010年迈窟，水力發(fā)電占美國(guó)全國(guó)用電總量(nation's total electricity)的6.2%，美國(guó)可再生能源總量(total renewable power)的60.2%忌栅。繼中國(guó)车酣，加拿大，巴西后索绪，美國(guó)是世界第四大水力發(fā)電生產(chǎn)國(guó)(fourth largest producer of hydroelectricity)湖员。
中國(guó)現(xiàn)在是世界上最大的太陽(yáng)能熱水器市場(chǎng)(market for solar hot water)，占全球三分之二的比例(two-thirds of global capacity)瑞驱。超過10%的中國(guó)家庭(Chinese households)依靠1.6億多平方米的集熱總面積(as total collector area)的太陽(yáng)能加熱水(heat their water)娘摔。
2. 段落書寫
朗閣海外考試研究中心的專家認(rèn)為，在有了一定的素材積累下唤反，考生可以根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞或一些觀點(diǎn)嘗試段落的書寫凳寺，一方面是讓自己能把詞匯和觀點(diǎn)更好地記憶住，另外也可以加強(qiáng)自己的寫作速度彤侍。下面的幾個(gè)段落是呈現(xiàn)給考生的關(guān)于環(huán)保類吵τВ考的6道題的一些段落展示。
(1) 關(guān)于誰為環(huán)境保護(hù)負(fù)責(zé)
參考段落展示：（摘自與Cambridge 8考官范文）
I think to tackle（解決） the problem of pollution, cleaner fuels need to be developed. The technology is already available to produce electric cars that would be both quieter and cleaner to use. Persuading（勸說）manufacturers（制造商） and travelers to adopt this new technology would be a more effective strategy for improving air quality.
段落大意：為了有效地解決污染問題盏阶，清潔能源應(yīng)該被研發(fā)晒奕。電瓶車就安靜又清潔。勸說汽車生產(chǎn)商和游客使用這種新的科技將是一個(gè)非常有效的方式來改善大氣質(zhì)量名斟。
The government needs to improve the choice of public transport services available to travelers. For example, if sufficient sky trains and underground train systems were built and effectively maintained（維護(hù)） in our major cities, then traffic on the roads would be made dramatically（急劇地） reduced. Long-distance train and coach services should be made attractive and affordable（可承擔(dān)的） alternatives to driving your own car for long journeys.
段落大意：政府應(yīng)該要增加游客對(duì)于公共交通的選擇性脑慧。比如，輕軌和地鐵在大城市應(yīng)該被建立和維護(hù)砰盐，這樣可以急劇減輕路面交通的壓力闷袒。另外長(zhǎng)途大巴服務(wù)也應(yīng)該更加吸引人，價(jià)格更加可承受楞卡，這樣人們就會(huì)減少開私家車霜运。
(2) 交通工具的利弊比較
Aircrafts have a higher capacity/volume（容量）, allowing greater numbers of passengers each flight and thereby giving the best possible values to the fuel used.
段落大意：飛機(jī)的容量比較大，每一次飛行可以承載大量的乘客蒋腮，因此能源利用率會(huì)比較高淘捡。
Although it is difficult to measure the actual impact of the noise on the people’s daily lives, its ability to increase the anxiety（焦慮） and levels of annoyance（惱人） has been confirmed
段落大意：盡管很難測(cè)量噪音對(duì)人們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹挠绊懀墙?jīng)研究證明池摧，飛機(jī)的噪音的確會(huì)增加人們的焦慮和惱人的程度焦除。
By replacing the old engines with fuel-efficient ones, people can mitigate（減輕） the environmental impact caused by flying.
段落大意：通過用節(jié)能引擎來代替舊的，人們可以減輕由飛行所產(chǎn)生的環(huán)境問題作彤。
(3) 關(guān)于是否要用動(dòng)物做實(shí)驗(yàn)的討論
Using animals for medicine tests will largely guarantee（確保） human being’s safety and will save a greater number of people’s lives who may contract（感染） some illness. In other words, if there were no animal-tested medicines, many people would die of disease.
段落大意：用動(dòng)物做實(shí)驗(yàn)在很大程度上會(huì)確保人們的安全膘魄，并且會(huì)拯救很多感染疾病的人的生命。換句話說竭讳，如果沒有這些動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)過的藥品创葡，很多人就會(huì)因?yàn)榧膊《劳觥?/p>
(4) 關(guān)于是否要保護(hù)瀕危動(dòng)物的討論
The importance of protecting the extinct animals cannot be ignored.（忽視）Therefore, it is high time that government should shoulder（肩負(fù)） the responsibility to protect the animals from dying out. For example, more nature reserves should be set up to provide animals with habitat protection. In addition, scientists are encouraged to establish gene banks（基因庫(kù)） in which genetic material can be well preserved.
段落大意：保護(hù)瀕危動(dòng)物的重要性是不能被忽視的，因此政府需要承擔(dān)起這個(gè)責(zé)任绢慢。比如灿渴，可以建立更多的自然保護(hù)區(qū)來給動(dòng)物提供安全的棲息地。另外胰舆，政府也可以花錢建立基因庫(kù)來儲(chǔ)存動(dòng)物的基因骚露。
(5) 關(guān)于化石燃料和新能源的對(duì)比
Replacing fossil fuels with alternative ones has profound（深遠(yuǎn)的） meanings. On top of the list（首先）, this can significantly reduce the pollution. Since fossil fuels are the major sources of carbon dioxide, replacing them could greatly control the emission（排放） of greenhouse gases. One good example can be seen in America, which tripled（三倍） their energy production from hydroelectricity power and pollution from electric system dropped by 80% to 90%.
段落大意：用可替代能源來代替化石燃料有很多深遠(yuǎn)的影響。首先缚窿，這樣可以減少污染棘幸，因?yàn)榛剂鲜嵌趸嫉闹饕獊碓矗褂每商娲茉纯梢詼p少溫室氣體的排放倦零。美國(guó)就是一個(gè)典型的例子误续，水力發(fā)電使得污染減少了80%到90%。
