Python中的循環(huán)語句有 for 和 while票髓。
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while循環(huán)
Python中while語句的一般形式:
while 判斷條件:
statements
同樣需要注意冒號(hào)和縮進(jìn)眨业。另外,在Python中沒有do..while循環(huán)诺苹。
以下實(shí)例使用了 while 來計(jì)算 1 到 100 的總和:
#!/bin/usr/python
n = 100
sum = 0
counter = 1
while counter <= n:
sum = sum + counter
counter += 1
print("Sum of 1 until %d: %d" % (n,sum))
for 語句
Python for 循環(huán)可以遍歷任何序列的項(xiàng)目住册,如一個(gè)列表或者一個(gè)字符串婶博。
一般格式如下:
for <variable> in <sequence>:
<statements>
else:
<statements>
for loop 循環(huán)實(shí)例
>>> languages = ["C", "C++", "Perl", "Python"]
>>> for x in languages:
... print (x)
...
C
C++
Perl
Python
>>>
以下實(shí)例for實(shí)例中使用了 break語句,break語句用于跳出當(dāng)前循環(huán)體:
#!/usr/bin/env python
edibles = ["ham", "spam","eggs","nuts"]
for food in edibles:
if food == "spam":
print("food = spam!")
break
print("Great, delicious " + food)
else:
print("I am so glad: No spam!")
print("Finally, I finished stuffing myself")
執(zhí)行腳本后荧飞,在循環(huán)到 "spam"時(shí)會(huì)跳出循環(huán)體:
Great, delicious ham
food = spam!"
Finally, I finished stuffing myself
range()函數(shù)
如果你需要遍歷數(shù)字序列凡人,可以使用內(nèi)置range()函數(shù)。它會(huì)生成數(shù)列叹阔,例如:
>>> for i in range(5):
... print(i)
...
0
1
2
3
4
你也可以使用range指定區(qū)間的值:
>>> for i in range(5,9) :
print(i)
5
6
7
8
>>>
您可以結(jié)合range()和len()函數(shù)以遍歷一個(gè)序列的索引,如下所示:
>>> a = ['Mary', 'had', 'a', 'little', 'lamb']
>>> for i in range(len(a)):
... print(i, a[i])
...
0 Mary
1 had
2 a
3 little
4 lamb
還可以使用range()函數(shù)來創(chuàng)建一個(gè)列表:
list(range(5))
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]