簡(jiǎn)介

Marshmallow (API 23) 引進(jìn)了Runtime Permissions 將權(quán)限大致劃分為敏感權(quán)限和普通權(quán)限： PHONE巡验，SMS 寨蹋，LOCATION 辩涝，CONTACTS 之類的隱私屬于敏感權(quán)限剂府，而NFC慷妙，INTERNET雏逾，BLUETOOTH 之類的屬于普通權(quán)限惕澎。如果app需要獲取敏感權(quán)限時(shí)需要在運(yùn)行時(shí)通過代碼請(qǐng)求權(quán)限杨幼，讓用戶手動(dòng)同意灯蝴。

1. 只有設(shè)備 && TargetSdkVersion >= 23 才生效恢口，否則還是是采用安裝時(shí)獲取權(quán)限的方式。
2. Manifest 中還是需要定義權(quán)限

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例子

 public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        getPermissionToReadUserContacts();
    }

    private static final int READ_CONTACTS_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST = 1;

    private void getPermissionToReadUserContacts() {
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
            if (PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED !=
                    ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS)) {
                if (shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS)) {
                    Toast.makeText(this, "This permission is necessary", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
                requestPermissions(new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS}, READ_CONTACTS_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST);
            }
        }
    }

    @TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.M)
    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
        if (requestCode == READ_CONTACTS_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST) {
            if (grantResults.length == 1 &&
                    grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                Toast.makeText(this, "Read Contacts permission granted", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            } else {
                // showRationale = false if user clicks Never Ask Again, otherwise true
                boolean showRationale = shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS);
                if (showRationale) {
                // do something here to handle degraded mode
                } else {
                    Toast.makeText(this, "permission denied", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

關(guān)鍵方法

shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale 是說用戶點(diǎn)了拒絕賦予權(quán)限绽乔，但也沒點(diǎn)‘不再提示’弧蝇，這時(shí)候如果實(shí)在需要權(quán)限就可以給予用戶適當(dāng)?shù)奶崾靖嬖V原因。

權(quán)限的分組

權(quán)限是分組的折砸，如果請(qǐng)求的是組內(nèi)的一個(gè)權(quán)限看疗，Android會(huì)自動(dòng)詢問用戶請(qǐng)求整個(gè)組的權(quán)限來避免大量請(qǐng)求權(quán)限。

可以通過以下命令查看所有敏感權(quán)限的分組情況：
$adb shell pm list permissions -d -g

比如：請(qǐng)求READ_CONTACTS 權(quán)限睦授，提示的給用戶的是要獲取CONTACTS組權(quán)限两芳，用戶同意后WRITE_CONTACTS 也被賦予了。

codepath

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第三方權(quán)限管理庫

PermissionsDispatcher

注解方式管理權(quán)限去枷，清晰方便

@RuntimePermissions
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @NeedsPermission(Manifest.permission.CAMERA)
    void showCamera() {
        getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction()
                .replace(R.id.sample_content_fragment, CameraPreviewFragment.newInstance())
                .addToBackStack("camera")
                .commitAllowingStateLoss();
    }

    @OnShowRationale(Manifest.permission.CAMERA)
    void showRationaleForCamera(PermissionRequest request) {
        new AlertDialog.Builder(this)
            .setMessage(R.string.permission_camera_rationale)
            .setPositiveButton(R.string.button_allow, (dialog, button) -> request.proceed())
            .setNegativeButton(R.string.button_deny, (dialog, button) -> request.cancel())
            .show();
    }

    @OnPermissionDenied(Manifest.permission.CAMERA)
    void showDeniedForCamera() {
        Toast.makeText(this, R.string.permission_camera_denied, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }

    @OnNeverAskAgain(Manifest.permission.CAMERA)
    void showNeverAskForCamera() {
        Toast.makeText(this, R.string.permission_camera_neverask, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }
}

RxPermissions

rxjava 體系的權(quán)限管理怖辆，提供鏈?zhǔn)讲僮鳎畲蠛锰幉挥迷俜蛛x權(quán)限的請(qǐng)求與結(jié)果處理了删顶。

//RxPermission
       RxPermissions.getInstance(this)
                .request(Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS)
                .subscribe(new Action1<Boolean>() {
                    @Override
                    public void call(Boolean grant) {
                        if (grant) {
                            Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "this permission is necessary", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                        } else {
                            Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Read Contacts permission granted", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                        }
                    }
                });