There seems never to have been a civilization without toys, but when and how they developed is unknown. They probably came about just to give children something to do.
似乎從來沒有一個文明沒有玩具失都，但它們何時以及如何發(fā)展還不得而知弱贼。它們的出現(xiàn)可能只是為了讓孩子們有事做码党。

In the ancient world, as is today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with another. In societies where social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls after the tasks of their mothers. This is true because boys and girls are being prepared, even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world.
在古代和今天一樣呕诉，大多數(shù)男孩玩一些玩具猖毫，大多數(shù)女孩玩另外一些欲险。在社會角色被嚴格確定的社會中镐依，男孩游戲中扮演父親的角色，女孩扮演母親的角色天试。這是真的槐壳，因為男孩和女孩正在為進入成人世界的角色和責(zé)任做好準備，即使是在游戲中喜每。

What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained are same. The changes have been mostly in terms of craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology. It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the world and their persistence to the present that is amazing. In Egypt, the Americas, China, Japan and among the Arctic peoples, generally the same kinds of toys appeared. Variations depended on local customs and ways of life because toys imitate their surroundings. Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles.
玩具在歷史上值得注意的不是它們在幾個世紀里發(fā)生的變化务唐，而是它們在多大程度上是相同的雳攘。這些變化主要體現(xiàn)在工藝、機械和技術(shù)方面枫笛。令人驚訝的是吨灭，玩具在世界各地的發(fā)展及其對現(xiàn)在的堅持具有普遍性。埃及刑巧、美洲喧兄、中國、日本和北極地區(qū)的人們一般都會出現(xiàn)同樣種類的玩具啊楚，不同之處取決于當?shù)氐娘L(fēng)俗習(xí)慣和生活方式吠冤，因為玩具模仿周圍的環(huán)境。幾乎每個文明都有玩偶恭理、小武器拯辙、玩具士兵、小動物和交通工具颜价。

Because toys can be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult use. The progress from the wheel to the oxcart to the automobile is a direct line of ascent. The progress from a rattle used by a baby in 3000 BC to one used by an infant today, however, is not characterized by inventiveness. Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials.
因為玩具通逞谋＃可以被視為一種藝術(shù)形式，所以它們并沒有受到成人發(fā)明的技術(shù)飛躍周伦。從車輪到牛車再到汽車遭赂，這是一條上升的直線。然而横辆，公元前3000年嬰兒使用的撥浪鼓和今天嬰兒使用的撥浪鼓相比撇他，并沒有創(chuàng)造性的進步。每一個撥浪鼓都是時代藝術(shù)品味的產(chǎn)物狈蚤，并受到現(xiàn)有材料的限制困肩。