django 寫的一個在網(wǎng)頁上對學(xué)生信息進行操作,用到了ajax爽蝴,jquery操作表格等沐批,還有 bootstrap,和 font-awesome(圖標(biāo))蝎亚,這些框架寫好了各種各樣的網(wǎng)頁元素珠插,用起來十分的方便,
下面是效果圖颖对,
#models.py 文件 的建表信息
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class Classes(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=32)
m = models.ManyToManyField("Teacher")
class Teacher(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
class Student(models.Model):
username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
age = models.IntegerField()
gender = models.NullBooleanField()
cs = models.ForeignKey("Classes",on_delete=models.CASCADE)
路由分發(fā)文件捻撑,
# urls.py 路由文件
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path("students.html/", views.students),
path("add_student/", views.add_student),
path("del_students/", views.del_students),
path("edit_student/", views.edit_student),
]
這個是視圖函數(shù)文件,處理URL分發(fā)的事件
# views.py 文件
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
from app01 import models
import json
# Create your views here.
def students(request):
all_students = models.Student.objects.all()
all_classes = models.Classes.objects.all()
return render(request, "students.html",{
"all_students": all_students,
"all_classes": all_classes,
})
def add_student(request):
response = {'status':True,"message":None,"nid":None}
try:
username = request.POST.get("username")
age = request.POST.get("age")
gender = request.POST.get("gender")
cls_id = request.POST.get("cls_id")
print(username,age,gender,cls_id)
obj = models.Student.objects.create(
username=username,
age=age,
gender=gender,
cs_id=cls_id,
)
response["nid"] = obj.id
except Exception as e:
response["status"] = False
response["message"] = "用戶輸入錯誤"
import json
response_json = json.dumps(response)
return HttpResponse(response_json)
def del_students(request):
if request.method == "POST":
response = {"status":True}
try:
nid = request.POST.get("nid")
models.Student.objects.filter(id=nid).delete()
except Exception as e:
response["status"] = False
response_ret = json.dumps(response)
return HttpResponse(response_ret)
def edit_student(request):
response = {'code':1000, 'message': None}
if request.method == "POST":
try:
nid = request.POST.get("nid")
username = request.POST.get("username")
age = request.POST.get("age")
gender = request.POST.get("gender")
cs_id = request.POST.get("cls_id")
print(nid,username,age,gender,cs_id)
models.Student.objects.filter(id=nid).update(
username=username,
age=age,
gender=gender,
cs_id=cs_id,
)
except Exception as e:
response["code"] = 1001
response["message"] = str(e)
return HttpResponse(json.dumps(response))
下面這個是主文件了缤底,就只有一個html文件顾患,主要通信都是用ajax
# 這個是 student.html 文件
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/plugins/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/plugins/font-awesome/css/font-awesome.css">
<style>
.aa {
font-size: 20px;
margin-right: 20px;
}
.mybtn {
width: 80px;
font-size: 20px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body class="container">
<a class="btn btn-success mybtn" id="myadd">添加</a>
<table class="table table-hover">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>ID</th>
<th>姓名</th>
<th>年齡</th>
<th>性別</th>
<th>班級</th>
<th>操作</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody id="tb">
{% for foo in all_students %}
<tr nid="{{ foo.id }}">
<td na="nid">{{ foo.id }}</td>
<td na="username">{{ foo.username }}</td>
<td na="age">{{ foo.age }}</td>
{% if foo.gender %}
<td na="gender">男</td>
{% else %}
<td na="gender">女</td>
{% endif %}
<td na="cs_id" cls_id="{{ foo.cs.id }}">{{ foo.cs.title }}</td>
<td>
<a class="aa glyphicon glyphicon-remove" aria-hidden="true"></a>
<a class="fa fa-spoon fa-2x edit-row" aria-hidden="true"></a>
</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</tbody>
</table>
<!-- Moda 添加框 -->
<div class="modal fade" id="addModal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel">
<div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="modal-header">
<button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span>
</button>
<h4 class="modal-title" id="myModalLabel">創(chuàng)建學(xué)生</h4>
</div>
<div class="modal-body">
<form class="form-horizontal">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="username" class="col-sm-2 control-label">姓名</label>
<div class="col-sm-10">
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="username" placeholder="姓名" name="username">
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="age" class="col-sm-2 control-label">年齡</label>
<div class="col-sm-10">
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="age" placeholder="年齡" name="age">
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="age" class="col-sm-2 control-label">性別</label>
<div class="col-sm-10">
<div class="radio">
<label>
<input type="radio" name="gender" value="1">
男
</label>
</div>
<div class="radio">
<label>
<input type="radio" name="gender" value="0">
女
</label>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="age" class="col-sm-2 control-label">班級</label>
<div class="col-sm-10">
<select class="form-control" name="cls_id" id="sele">
{% for foo in all_classes %}
<option value="{{ foo.id }}">{{ foo.title }}</option>
{% endfor %}
</select>
</div>
</div>
</form>
</div>
<div class="modal-footer">
<span style="color: red" id="error"></span>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-dismiss="modal">取消</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" id="save">保存</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Modal 刪除框-->
<div class="modal fade" id="delModal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel">
<div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="modal-header">
<button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span>
</button>
<h4 class="modal-title" id="myModalLabel">是否刪除學(xué)生信息?</h4>
</div>
<div class="modal-body">
<form class="form-horizontal">
<h3>=========<input type="hidden" id="nid"></h3>
</form>
</div>
<div class="modal-footer">
<span style="color: red" id="error"></span>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-info" data-dismiss="modal">取消</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-danger" id="delComfirm">確定</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Modal 編輯框-->
<div class="modal fade" id="editModal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel">
<div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="modal-header">
<button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span>
</button>
<h4 class="modal-title" id="myModalLabel">編輯學(xué)生信息</h4>
</div>
<div class="modal-body">
<form class="form-horizontal">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="username" class="col-sm-2 control-label">姓名</label>
<div class="col-sm-10">
<input type="hidden" name="nid">
<input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="姓名" name="username">
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="age" class="col-sm-2 control-label">年齡</label>
<div class="col-sm-10">
<input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="年齡" name="age">
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="age" class="col-sm-2 control-label">性別</label>
<div class="col-sm-10">
<div class="radio">
<label>
<input type="radio" name="gender" value="1">
男
</label>
</div>
<div class="radio">
<label>
<input type="radio" name="gender" value="0">
女
</label>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="age" class="col-sm-2 control-label">班級</label>
<div class="col-sm-10">
<select class="form-control" name="cls_id" id="sele">
{% for foo in all_classes %}
<option value="{{ foo.id }}">{{ foo.title }}</option>
{% endfor %}
</select>
</div>
</div>
</form>
</div>
<div class="modal-footer">
<span style="color: red" id="error"></span>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-dismiss="modal">取消</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary editConfirm" id="save">保存</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script src="/static/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script>
<script src="/static/plugins/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.js"></script>
<script>
$(function () { //當(dāng)頁面加載完成后給按鈕綁定事件
bindEvent();
getData();
delEvent();
delConfirm();
editEvent();
editConfirm();
});
function delConfirm() { //刪除確定按鈕个唧,確定刪除就只需要把對應(yīng)的id發(fā)送到后臺就行了
$("#delComfirm").click(function () { // 給刪除框的確定按鈕綁定事件江解,
nid = $("#nid").val();
console.log(nid);
$.ajax({
url: "/del_students/",
type: "POST",
data: {"nid":nid},
success:function (arg) {
ret = JSON.parse(arg); // server 發(fā)過來的就是json字符串
if(ret.status){
$('tr[nid="'+nid+'"]').remove(); // 不刷新頁面用js移除刪除的tr
$("#delModal").modal("hide");
}else{
alert("刪除失敗")
}
}
})
})
}
function bindEvent() {
$("#myadd").click(function () {
$("#addModal").modal("show"); // 給頁面上的添加按鈕綁定事件,為顯示添加框
})
}
function getData() { // 獲取輸入框的值徙歼,并用ajax發(fā)送到后臺
var postData = {};
$("#save").click(function () {
$("#addModal").find("input,select").each(function () { //找到所有的input 犁河,select框
var n = $(this).attr("name");
if(n == "gender"){ // gender 的 radio 單選框要處理一下,而select不必處理魄梯,會直接取到選定的值
if($(this).prop("checked")){ //選中的為 true
var v = $(this).val();
postData[n] = v;
}
}else{
var v = $(this).val();
postData[n] = v;
}
});
console.log(postData); // 所有的數(shù)據(jù)都在字典內(nèi)了桨螺,
$.ajax({
url: "/add_student/",
type: "POST",
data: postData,
success:function (arg) {
message = JSON.parse(arg);
console.log(message);
if(message["status"]){
// window.location.reload(); // 刷新頁面
create_table(postData,message["nid"]); // 不刷新頁面就要自己用js建一個個td拼成一個tr,添加到table
$("#addModal").modal("hide"); // 添加完畢就讓添加框消失酿秸,
}else{
$("#error").html(message["message"]) //出錯就會有提示信息出現(xiàn)在按鈕旁邊灭翔,看圖片
}
}
})
});
}
function create_table(postData, nid) { // 創(chuàng)建一個一個標(biāo)簽,拼接起來
var tr_ele = document.createElement("tr");
$(tr_ele).attr('nid',nid);
var td_id = document.createElement("td");
td_id.innerHTML = nid;
$(tr_ele).append(td_id);
var td_user = document.createElement("td");
td_user.innerHTML = postData["username"];
$(tr_ele).append(td_user);
var td_age = document.createElement("td");
td_age.innerHTML = postData["age"];
$(tr_ele).append(td_age);
var td_gender = document.createElement("td");
if(postData["gender"]==0) {
var gend = "女";
}else{
var gend = "男"
}
td_gender.innerHTML = gend;
$(tr_ele).append(td_gender);
var td_cls_id = document.createElement("td");
title = $("#sele").find('option[value="'+postData["cls_id"]+'"]').text();
td_cls_id.innerHTML = title;
$(tr_ele).append(td_cls_id);
// 那兩個a標(biāo)簽辣苏,也就是刪除按鈕和編輯按鈕用字符串的話就相對來說方便一些
var a_td = '<td><a class="aa glyphicon glyphicon-remove" aria-hidden="true"></a><a class="fa fa-spoon fa-2x" aria-hidden="true"></a> </td>';
$(tr_ele).append(a_td);
$("#tb").append(tr_ele);
}
function delEvent() { // 為刪除按鈕綁定事件
$("#tb").on('click','.aa',function () {
$("#delModal").modal("show");
var nid = $(this).parent().parent().attr("nid"); // 刪除一個記錄就必須要用到id了肝箱,
$("#nid").val(nid); // 把獲取的的id賦值到刪除提示框的一個隱藏input中,待到按下確認(rèn)刪除按鈕時發(fā)送
})
}
function editEvent() { // 綁定編輯按鈕的點擊事件
$("#tb").on("click",".edit-row",function () { // 動態(tài)綁定事件稀蟋,我們必須考慮到動態(tài)添加的標(biāo)簽一般綁定下
$("#editModal").modal("show"); // 是不會有事件的煌张,就要用到動態(tài)綁定,也就是在按下按鈕時綁定事件并觸發(fā)
$(this).parent().siblings().each(function () { // 編輯的話就要獲取table上某一行的數(shù)據(jù)了
var v = $(this).text();
var n = $(this).attr("na"); // 把相對應(yīng)的鍵值賦給na(隨意的名稱)退客,直接取出來對應(yīng)就行了
if(n=="cs_id"){ // 這樣的話之后添加和刪除某個選項就不必痛苦了骏融。。。
var cid = $(this).attr("cls_id");
$("#editModal select[name='cls_id']").val(cid)
}else if(n=='gender'){
if(v=="男"){
$("#editModal :radio[value='1']").prop('checked',true); // 選中 radio 的某一個
}else{
$("#editModal :radio[value='0']").prop('checked',true);
}
}
else{
$("#editModal input[name='"+n+"']").val(v);
}
});
})
}
function editConfirm() { // 編輯跟添加類似绎谦,
var postData = {};
$(".editConfirm").click(function () {
$("#editModal").find("input,select").each(function () {
var n = $(this).attr("name");
var v = $(this).val();
if(n=="gender"){
if($(this).prop("checked")){
postData[n] = v;
}
}else{
postData[n] = v;
}
});
console.log(postData);
$.ajax({
url: "/edit_student/",
type: "POST",
data: postData,
success:function (arg) {
ret = JSON.parse(arg);
if(ret["code"]==1000){ // ret['code'] 等于 1000 就是為true了
window.location.reload();
$("#editModal").modal("hide"); // 這里就不用js刪除了管闷,直接刷新頁面
}else{
alert(ret['message'])
}
}
})
})
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
添加按鈕提示框,當(dāng)用戶輸入有問題時就會提示 ’ 用戶輸入錯誤 ‘ 窃肠,
下面這個是編輯框包个,點擊打開某個學(xué)生時會默認(rèn)選中,
整個總體來說寫的還是存在一個bug冤留,例如在添加學(xué)生信息時碧囊,頁面上是用 js 創(chuàng)建tr表格的,各種屬性沒有添加上去纤怒,
頁面信息有時候用js添加比較好糯而,不用刷新整個頁面,而有時候是頁面整個刷新為好泊窘,看各種情況了熄驼。
下面是總結(jié)呵,
1.
Python序列化
字符串 = json.dumps(對象) 對象->字符串
對象 = json.loads(字符串) 字符串->對象
JavaScript:
字符串 = JSON.stringify(對象) 對象->字符串
對象 = JSON.parse(字符串) 字符串->對象
應(yīng)用場景:
數(shù)據(jù)傳輸時烘豹,
發(fā)送:字符串
接收:字符串 -> 對象
2. ajax
$.ajax({
url: 'http//www.baidu.com',
type: 'GET',
data: {'k1':'v1'},
success:function(arg){
// arg是字符串類型
// var obj = JSON.parse(arg)
}
})
$.ajax({
url: 'http//www.baidu.com',
type: 'GET',
data: {'k1':'v1'},
dataType: 'JSON',
success:function(arg){
// arg是對象
}
})
$.ajax({
url: 'http//www.baidu.com',
type: 'GET',
data: {'k1':[1,2,3,4]},
dataType: 'JSON',
success:function(arg){
// arg是對象
}
})
發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)時:
data中的v
a. 只是字符串或數(shù)字
$.ajax({
url: 'http//www.baidu.com',
type: 'GET',
data: {'k1':'v1'},
dataType: 'JSON',
success:function(arg){
// arg是對象
}
})
b. 包含屬組
$.ajax({
url: 'http//www.baidu.com',
type: 'GET',
data: {'k1':[1,2,3,4]},
dataType: 'JSON',
traditional: true, //// 要加這一句
success:function(arg){
// arg是對象
}
})
c. 傳字典瓜贾,或者將其轉(zhuǎn)換成字符串
b. 包含屬組
$.ajax({
url: 'http//www.baidu.com',
type: 'GET',
data: {'k1': JSON.stringify({}) },
dataType: 'JSON',
success:function(arg){
// arg是對象
}
})
3. 事件委托
$('要綁定標(biāo)簽的上級標(biāo)簽').on('click','要綁定的標(biāo)簽',function(){})
$('要綁定標(biāo)簽的上級標(biāo)簽').delegate('要綁定的標(biāo)簽','click',function(){})
4. 編輯
5. 總結(jié)
新URL方式: //也就是跳轉(zhuǎn)到新頁面的方式
- 獨立的頁面
- 數(shù)據(jù)量大或條目多
對話框方式:
- 數(shù)據(jù)量小或條目少
-增加,編輯
- Ajax: 考慮携悯,當(dāng)前頁祭芦;td中自定義屬性
- 頁面(***)
刪除:
對話框
這個就到這里了。路漫漫其修遠兮
django 分頁
補充:
寫一個對頁面分頁的類憔鬼,django的內(nèi)置分頁太丑了
# tests.py 文件龟劲,建立自定制的類
class couPaginator(object):
def __init__(self,totalCount,CurrentPage,perPageItemNum=30,maxPageNum=8):
# 數(shù)據(jù)總個數(shù)
self.total_count = totalCount
# 當(dāng)前頁
self.current_page = CurrentPage
# 每頁最多顯示的條數(shù)
self.per_page_item_num = perPageItemNum
# 最多顯示頁面
self.max_page_num = maxPageNum
self.check()
def check(self): # 檢查數(shù)據(jù),
try:
self.total_count = int(self.total_count)
self.current_page = int(self.current_page)
if self.current_page > self.num_pages: # 如果當(dāng)前頁大于最大頁數(shù)
self.current_page=self.num_pages
if self.current_page <= 1: # 如果當(dāng)前頁小于等于1
self.current_page=1
except Exception as e:
pass
@property # 裝飾器轴或,可以使得函數(shù)不加 () 直接調(diào)用
def num_pages(self):
a,b=divmod(self.total_count,self.per_page_item_num) # 總數(shù)目/每頁顯示數(shù)據(jù)昌跌,返回整除和余數(shù)
if b==0:
return a
else:
return a+1
def start(self): # 返回 開始
return (self.current_page-1)*self.per_page_item_num
def end(self): # 返回結(jié)束
return self.current_page*self.per_page_item_num
@property
def pager_num_range(self): # 這個是分頁函數(shù),也就是頁面下面的一排跳轉(zhuǎn)頁面
if self.num_pages <= self.max_page_num:
return range(1,self.num_pages+1)
if self.current_page <= self.max_page_num/2:
return range(1,self.max_page_num+1)
part = int(self.max_page_num/2)
if self.current_page+part>=self.num_pages+1:
return range(self.num_pages-self.max_page_num+1,self.num_pages+1)
return range(self.current_page-part,self.current_page+part)
def page_str(self): # 對上面的分頁函數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)成html侮叮,可以直接在模版渲染出來避矢,不用再做另外的轉(zhuǎn)換
test_list=[]
if self.current_page==1:
prev = "<li><a href='#'>上一頁</a></li>"
else:
prev = "<li><a href='/index2?p=%s'>上一頁</a></li>" %(self.current_page-1)
if self.current_page==self.max_page_num:
next = "<li><a href='#'>下一頁</a></li>"
else:
next = "<li><a href='/index2?p=%s'>下一頁</a></li>" %(self.current_page+1)
test_list.append(prev)
test_list.append(next)
for i in self.pager_num_range:
if i == self.current_page:
temp = "<li class='active'><a href='/index2?p=%s'>%s</a></li>" %(i,i)
else:
temp = "<li><a href='/index2?p=%s'>%s</a></li>" %(i,i)
test_list.append(temp)
first = "<li><a href='/index2?p=1'>首頁</a></li>"
last = "<li><a href='/index2?p=%s'>尾頁</a></li>" %(self.num_pages)
test_list.append(first)
test_list.append(last)
return ' '.join(test_list)
模版文件
# index2.html 文件
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap.css">
</head>
<body>
{% for foo in data %}
<p>{{ foo.name }} - {{ foo.age }}</p>
{% endfor %}
<ul class="pagination">
{{ test.page_str|safe }}
</ul>
</body>
</html>
視圖函數(shù)
# 視圖函數(shù)悼瘾,views.py 文件
test_list = [] # 創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)
for i in range(999):
temp = {'name':'root'+str(i),'age':i}
test_list.append(temp)
def index2(request):
p = request.GET.get("p")
from app01.tests import couPaginator
test = couPaginator(999,p,perPageItemNum=10)
return render(request,"index2.html",{
"data":test_list[test.start():test.end()],
"test":test,
})
不要忘記在 urls.py 文件中添加路由導(dǎo)航囊榜,還有要在靜態(tài)文件下添加bootstrap 文件,靜態(tài)文件目錄也需要配置
2.分頁組件
- Django內(nèi)置分頁
- Paginator亥宿、 Page
- 頁面:include
- 擴展Django的內(nèi)置分頁
- CustomPaginator(Paginator)
傳入:
- 所有數(shù)據(jù)
- 當(dāng)前頁
- 每頁顯示30條
- 最多頁面7個
- 自定義分頁
傳入:
- 所有數(shù)據(jù)的個數(shù)
- 當(dāng)前頁
- 每頁顯示30條
- 最多頁面7個
form 表單驗證卸勺,基本
調(diào)用 django 內(nèi)置的 Form 組件,對前端的輸入進行驗證和返回錯誤提示信息烫扼,
# views.py 文件下的
from django import forms
from django.forms import fields
class F1form(forms.Form):
user = fields.CharField(
max_length=18, # 最長
min_length=6, # 最短
required=True, # 限制不能為空
error_messages={ # 自定制返回到前端的錯誤提示信息
"required": "用戶名不能為空",
"max_length": "用戶名太長",
"min_length": "用戶名太短",
}
)
pwd = fields.CharField(
min_length=32,
required=True,
error_messages={
"min_length": "最短32個字符",
"required": "密碼不能為空",
}
)
age = fields.IntegerField(
required=True,
error_messages={
"required": "年齡不能為空",
"invalid": "必須為數(shù)字",
}
)
email = fields.EmailField(
required=True,
error_messages={
"required": "郵箱不能為空",
"invalid": "郵箱格式錯誤",
}
)
def fm(request):
if request.method == "GET":
return render(request,"fm.html")
if request.method == "POST":
# user = request.POST.get("user")
# age = request.POST.get("age")
# pwd = request.POST.get("pwd")
# email = request.POST.get("email")
# print(user,age,pwd,email)
obj = F1form(request.POST)
if obj.is_valid():
print(obj.cleaned_data) # 驗證通過獲取到用戶輸入的數(shù)據(jù)
else:
print(obj.errors) # 驗證失敗返回錯誤信息
return render(request,"fm.html",{"obj":obj})
前端的html文件
# fm.html 文件曙求,用obj.errors.user.0 來取到user錯誤信息的第一個,因為一個輸入框會不止一個錯誤提示
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap.css">
</head>
<body>
<form action="/fm.html/" method="post" id="fm">
<p><input type="text" name="user" placeholder="user">{{ obj.errors.user.0 }}</p>
<p><input type="text" name="pwd" placeholder="pwd">{{ obj.errors.pwd.0 }}</p>
<p><input type="text" name="age" placeholder="age">{{ obj.errors.age.0 }}</p>
<p><input type="text" name="email" placeholder="email">{{ obj.errors.email.0 }}</p>
<p><input type="submit" value="提交" class="btn btn-primary"></p>
</form>
</body>
</html>
在URL路由文件urls.py 文件下要添加路徑導(dǎo)航,
path('fm.html/', views.fm),
要注釋掉 form 的鎖 csrf
django內(nèi)置的 forms 還能自己生成html代碼悟狱,也就是輸入框静浴,所以, views.py 和 fm.html 文件也可以改成下面的挤渐,
# views.py 文件
def fm(request):
if request.method == "GET":
obj = F1form() # 改動的地方
return render(request,"fm.html",{"obj":obj}) # 還有這里
if request.method == "POST":
# user = request.POST.get("user")
# age = request.POST.get("age")
# pwd = request.POST.get("pwd")
# email = request.POST.get("email")
# print(user,age,pwd,email)
obj = F1form(request.POST)
if obj.is_valid():
print(obj.cleaned_data)
else:
print(obj.errors)
return render(request,"fm.html",{"obj":obj})
# html 文件中的 input 輸入框就可以用 django 中的來代替了
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap.css">
</head>
<body>
<form action="/fm.html/" method="post" id="fm">
<p>{{ obj.user }}{{ obj.errors.user.0 }}</p>
<p>{{ obj.pwd }}{{ obj.errors.pwd.0 }}</p>
<p>{{ obj.age }}{{ obj.errors.age.0 }}</p>
<p>{{ obj.email }}{{ obj.errors.email.0 }}</p>
<p><input type="submit" value="提交" class="btn btn-primary"></p>
</form>
</body>
</html>
form 也可以驗證ajax提交的數(shù)據(jù)苹享,因為ajax提交的數(shù)據(jù)到服務(wù)器也是用post提取的,(具體看你ajax中type的設(shè)置了)
Form組件
- 對用戶請求的驗證
- AJax
- Form
- 生成HTML代碼
a. 創(chuàng)建一個類
b. 類中創(chuàng)建字段(包含正則表達式)
c. GET
obj = Fr()
obj.user = > 自動生成HTML
d. POST
obj = Fr(request.POST)
if obj.is_valid():
obj.cleaned_data
else:
obj.errors
return .... obj
form 提交數(shù)據(jù)浴麻,驗證數(shù)據(jù)的有效性得问,
我們可以自定制正則,也可以用django內(nèi)置的規(guī)則软免,
# models.py 創(chuàng)建一個表格
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class userInfo(models.Model):
username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
email = models.EmailField(max_length=32)
# urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from app01 import views
from django.conf.urls import url
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('users/', views.users),
path('add_user/', views.add_user),
url("^edit_user-(\d)$", views.edit_user), #這個是之前版本的路由導(dǎo)航
]
# fm.py 自創(chuàng)建的文件宫纬,放置 form 類
from django import forms
from django.forms import fields
class UserForm(forms.Form):
username = fields.CharField(
max_length=32,
required=True,
error_messages={ # 自定制錯誤提示信息
"required":"請輸入用戶名",
"max_length": "必須輸入32個字符",
}
)
email = fields.EmailField(
required=True,
error_messages={
"required": "必須輸入郵箱",
"invalid": "不是正確的郵箱格式",
}
)
# views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.shortcuts import redirect
from app01 import models
from app01 import fm
def users(request): # 返回所有的數(shù)據(jù),也就是所有表格的信息
data_list = models.userInfo.objects.all()
return render(request,"users.html",{"data_list":data_list})
def add_user(request): # 添加數(shù)據(jù)膏萧,跳轉(zhuǎn)到add_user.html,
if request.method == "GET":
obj = fm.UserForm()
return render(request,"add_user.html",{"obj":obj})
if request.method == "POST": # post 接收數(shù)據(jù)漓骚,用form檢測格式
obj = fm.UserForm(request.POST)
if obj.is_valid():
print(obj.cleaned_data)
models.userInfo.objects.create(**obj.cleaned_data) # 檢測通過創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)
return redirect("/users.html")
else:
return render(request,"add_user.html",{"obj":obj}) # 錯誤提示,返回錯誤信息
def edit_user(request,nid): # 編輯信息榛泛,使用form為我們寫好的生成html认境,在edit_user.html中
if request.method == "GET":
data = models.userInfo.objects.filter(id=nid)[0] # nid 在ulrs.py 文件正則取得
obj = fm.UserForm({"username":data.username,"email":data.email})
return render(request,"edit_user.html",{"obj": obj,"nid":nid})
if request.method == "POST":
obj = fm.UserForm(request.POST)
if obj.is_valid():
print(obj.cleaned_data)
models.userInfo.objects.filter(id=nid).update(**obj.cleaned_data)
return redirect("/users")
else:
print(obj.errors) # 記得,返回錯誤信息時還要返回一次nid
return render(request,"edit_user.html",{"obj":obj,"nid":nid})
# users.html ----》user 函數(shù)(對應(yīng))
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="/add_user/">添加</a>
{% for foo in data_list %}
<p>
<span> {{ foo.id }} </span>
<span> {{ foo.username }} </span>
<span> {{ foo.email }} </span>
<a href="/edit_user-{{ foo.id }}">編輯</a>
</p>
{% endfor %}
</body>
</html>
# add_user.html ----》add_user 函數(shù)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/add_user/" method="post" novalidate>
<p>{{ obj.username }}{{ obj.errors.username.0 }}</p>
<p>{{ obj.email }}{{ obj.errors.email.0 }}</p>
<input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
# edit_user.html ----》edit_user
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/edit_user-{{ nid }}" method="post" novalidate>
<p>{{ obj.username }}{{ obj.errors.username.0 }}</p>
<p>{{ obj.email }}{{ obj.errors.email.0 }}</p>
<input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
</body>
</html>
Form組件
- form表單(驗證挟鸠;保留上次內(nèi)容)
-
- Ajax(驗證叉信;無需上次內(nèi)容)
- 返回HttpResponse
- 前端:跳轉(zhuǎn)或錯誤信息
所謂的擴展
1. Form組件擴展:
1.簡單擴展
利用Form組件自帶的正則擴展:
a. 方式一
from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import widgets
from django.forms import fields
from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
class MyForm(Form):
user = fields.CharField(
error_messages={'invalid': '...'},
validators=[RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', '請輸入數(shù)字'), RegexValidator(r'^159[0-9]+$', '數(shù)字必須以159開頭')],
)
b. 方式二
from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import widgets
from django.forms import fields
from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
class MyForm(Form):
user = fields.RegexField(r'^[0-9]+$',error_messages={'invalid': '...'})
2.基于源碼流程
a. 單字段
from django.core.exceptions import NON_FIELD_ERRORS, ValidationError
class AjaxForm(forms.Form):
username = fields.CharField()
user_id = fields.IntegerField(
widget=widgets.Select(choices=[(0,'alex'),(1,'劉皓宸'),(2,'楊建'),])
)
# 自定義方法 clean_字段名
# 必須返回值self.cleaned_data['username']
# 如果出錯:raise ValidationError('用戶名已存在')
def clean_username(self):
v = self.cleaned_data['username']
if models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=v).count():
# 整體錯了
# 自己詳細錯誤信息
raise ValidationError('用戶名已存在')
return v
def clean_user_id(self):
return self.cleaned_data['user_id']
b. 整體錯誤驗證
class AjaxForm(forms.Form):
username = fields.CharField()
user_id = fields.IntegerField(
widget=widgets.Select(choices=[(0,'alex'),(1,'劉皓宸'),(2,'楊建'),])
)
# 自定義方法 clean_字段名
# 必須返回值self.cleaned_data['username']
# 如果出錯:raise ValidationError('用戶名已存在')
def clean_username(self):
v = self.cleaned_data['username']
if models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=v).count():
# 整體錯了
# 自己詳細錯誤信息
raise ValidationError('用戶名已存在')
return v
def clean_user_id(self):
return self.cleaned_data['user_id']
def clean(self):
value_dict = self.cleaned_data
v1 = value_dict.get('username')
v2 = value_dict.get('user_id')
if v1 == 'root' and v2==1:
raise ValidationError('整體錯誤信息')
return self.cleaned_data
PS: _post_clean
form結(jié)束了,就這些東西艘希,擴展也并不是很多內(nèi)容
2. Django序列化
a.對象
b.字典
c.元祖
===================================
首先能完成任務(wù)台丛,
亮點惩嘉,分為兩種,一參加過某種大型的架構(gòu),二某種東西研究得特別深未桥,那就研究,
1.筆試:
2.面試
方向:
- 基礎(chǔ)
- 亮點
基礎(chǔ):
1.設(shè)計程序
2.開發(fā)
亮點:
某框架的源碼:
Tornado - 異步非堵塞(IO多路復(fù)用)
關(guān)于序列化問題扯再,也就是 Queryset 類型轉(zhuǎn)成 json 類型传黄,可以參考
博客:http://www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi/articles/5246483.html
http://www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi/articles/6144178.html
今天在簡書編輯后丟了很多東西,好氣啊
關(guān)于 NON_FIELD_ERRORS凤壁,也就是 all 了吩屹,下面是一個補充:
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
from app01 import models
from django import forms
from django.forms import fields
from django.forms import widgets
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
class LoginForm(forms.Form):
username = fields.CharField(
max_length=32,
required=True,
error_messages={
'required':'請輸入用戶名',
'max_length':'最長輸入32個字符',
},
widget=widgets.TextInput()
)
# def clean_username(self):
# v1 = self.cleaned_data['username']
# v2 = models.User.objects.filter(username=v1).first()
# if not v2:
# raise ValidationError("用戶名錯誤") # 這個引發(fā)的錯誤會在errors.username顯示
# return v1
password = fields.CharField(
max_length=32,
required=True,
error_messages={
'required':'請輸入密碼',
'max_length':'最長輸入32個字符'
},
widget=widgets.PasswordInput()
)
def clean(self):
v1 = self.cleaned_data.get('username')
v2 = self.cleaned_data.get('password')
obj = models.User.objects.filter(username=v1).first()
if not obj:
raise ValidationError("用戶名錯誤")
elif obj.password != v2:
raise ValidationError("密碼錯誤")
return self.cleaned_data
from django.core.exceptions import NON_FIELD_ERRORS
def login(request):
if request.method == "GET":
obj = LoginForm()
return render(request,"login.html",{"obj":obj})
else:
obj = LoginForm(request.POST)
all_code = None
if obj.is_valid():
print(obj.cleaned_data)
return HttpResponse("登陸成功")
else:
print(obj.errors)
all_code = obj.errors[NON_FIELD_ERRORS]
# 在 template中沒有 NON_FIELD_ERRORS,我只想到這個辦法來傳過去
return render(request,"login.html",{"obj":obj,"all_code":all_code})