用Python寫命令行程序的時候，單一的輸出顏色太單調(diào)娶桦。其實我們可以加些色彩，比如用紅色表示警告汁汗，綠色表示結(jié)果正常等衷畦。網(wǎng)上也有幾篇類似的帖子，但是沒有把問題講清楚知牌，貼的代碼也不是太清晰祈争。這里，對Windows下CMD輸出彩色進(jìn)行完整的講解和易用的代碼函數(shù)庫展示角寸。
原理解析參見：http://my.oschina.net/bluefly/blog/311209
Paste_Image.png
核心代碼介紹
std_out_handle = ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE)
def set_cmd_text_color(color, handle=std_out_handle):
Bool = ctypes.windll.kernel32.SetConsoleTextAttribute(handle, color)
return Bool
- set_cmd_text_color(這里參數(shù)要填顏色的16進(jìn)制編碼)
顏色的講解：
這個函數(shù)支持2位十六進(jìn)制編碼菩混，比如0x12,0x03,0xef。取值都是0~f扁藕。區(qū)別在于沮峡，前一位指的是背景色，后一位指的是前景色亿柑，我們?yōu)榱朔奖阈细恚梢越o這些顏色編碼定義一些有意義的別名。比如：
# Windows CMD命令行 字體顏色定義 text colors
FOREGROUND_BLACK = 0x00 # black.
FOREGROUND_DARKBLUE = 0x01 # dark blue.
FOREGROUND_DARKGREEN = 0x02 # dark green.
FOREGROUND_DARKSKYBLUE = 0x03 # dark skyblue.
FOREGROUND_DARKRED = 0x04 # dark red.
FOREGROUND_DARKPINK = 0x05 # dark pink.
FOREGROUND_DARKYELLOW = 0x06 # dark yellow.
FOREGROUND_DARKWHITE = 0x07 # dark white.
FOREGROUND_DARKGRAY = 0x08 # dark gray.
FOREGROUND_BLUE = 0x09 # blue.
FOREGROUND_GREEN = 0x0a # green.
FOREGROUND_SKYBLUE = 0x0b # skyblue.
FOREGROUND_RED = 0x0c # red.
FOREGROUND_PINK = 0x0d # pink.
FOREGROUND_YELLOW = 0x0e # yellow.
FOREGROUND_WHITE = 0x0f # white.
# Windows CMD命令行 背景顏色定義 background colors
BACKGROUND_BLUE = 0x10 # dark blue.
BACKGROUND_GREEN = 0x20 # dark green.
BACKGROUND_DARKSKYBLUE = 0x30 # dark skyblue.
BACKGROUND_DARKRED = 0x40 # dark red.
BACKGROUND_DARKPINK = 0x50 # dark pink.
BACKGROUND_DARKYELLOW = 0x60 # dark yellow.
BACKGROUND_DARKWHITE = 0x70 # dark white.
BACKGROUND_DARKGRAY = 0x80 # dark gray.
BACKGROUND_BLUE = 0x90 # blue.
BACKGROUND_GREEN = 0xa0 # green.
BACKGROUND_SKYBLUE = 0xb0 # skyblue.
BACKGROUND_RED = 0xc0 # red.
BACKGROUND_PINK = 0xd0 # pink.
BACKGROUND_YELLOW = 0xe0 # yellow.
BACKGROUND_WHITE = 0xf0 # white.
- 注意下邊這句：把不同顏色進(jìn)行或操作橄杨，結(jié)果肯定還是16種顏色的一種秘症。
set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_BLUE)
完整代碼
我把每種顏色代碼都封裝成了易用的函數(shù)，可以根據(jù)需要在自己的程序里直接導(dǎo)入相應(yīng)函數(shù)進(jìn)行彩色輸出式矫。
比如原來是 print 'hello' 現(xiàn)在直接 printBlue('hello') 就可以了乡摹。
#! /usr/bin/env python
#coding=utf-8
import ctypes,sys
STD_INPUT_HANDLE = -10
STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE = -11
STD_ERROR_HANDLE = -12
# 字體顏色定義 ,關(guān)鍵在于顏色編碼，由2位十六進(jìn)制組成采转，分別取0~f聪廉，前一位指的是背景色瞬痘，后一位指的是字體色
#由于該函數(shù)的限制，應(yīng)該是只有這16種板熊，可以前景色與背景色組合框全。也可以幾種顏色通過或運算組合，組合后還是在這16種顏色中
# Windows CMD命令行 字體顏色定義 text colors
FOREGROUND_BLACK = 0x00 # black.
FOREGROUND_DARKBLUE = 0x01 # dark blue.
FOREGROUND_DARKGREEN = 0x02 # dark green.
FOREGROUND_DARKSKYBLUE = 0x03 # dark skyblue.
FOREGROUND_DARKRED = 0x04 # dark red.
FOREGROUND_DARKPINK = 0x05 # dark pink.
FOREGROUND_DARKYELLOW = 0x06 # dark yellow.
FOREGROUND_DARKWHITE = 0x07 # dark white.
FOREGROUND_DARKGRAY = 0x08 # dark gray.
FOREGROUND_BLUE = 0x09 # blue.
FOREGROUND_GREEN = 0x0a # green.
FOREGROUND_SKYBLUE = 0x0b # skyblue.
FOREGROUND_RED = 0x0c # red.
FOREGROUND_PINK = 0x0d # pink.
FOREGROUND_YELLOW = 0x0e # yellow.
FOREGROUND_WHITE = 0x0f # white.
# Windows CMD命令行 背景顏色定義 background colors
BACKGROUND_BLUE = 0x10 # dark blue.
BACKGROUND_GREEN = 0x20 # dark green.
BACKGROUND_DARKSKYBLUE = 0x30 # dark skyblue.
BACKGROUND_DARKRED = 0x40 # dark red.
BACKGROUND_DARKPINK = 0x50 # dark pink.
BACKGROUND_DARKYELLOW = 0x60 # dark yellow.
BACKGROUND_DARKWHITE = 0x70 # dark white.
BACKGROUND_DARKGRAY = 0x80 # dark gray.
BACKGROUND_BLUE = 0x90 # blue.
BACKGROUND_GREEN = 0xa0 # green.
BACKGROUND_SKYBLUE = 0xb0 # skyblue.
BACKGROUND_RED = 0xc0 # red.
BACKGROUND_PINK = 0xd0 # pink.
BACKGROUND_YELLOW = 0xe0 # yellow.
BACKGROUND_WHITE = 0xf0 # white.
# get handle
std_out_handle = ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE)
def set_cmd_text_color(color, handle=std_out_handle):
Bool = ctypes.windll.kernel32.SetConsoleTextAttribute(handle, color)
return Bool
#reset white
def resetColor():
set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_BLUE)
###############################################################
#暗藍(lán)色
#dark blue
def printDarkBlue(mess):
set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_DARKBLUE)
sys.stdout.write(mess)
resetColor()
#暗綠色
#dark green
def printDarkGreen(mess):
set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_DARKGREEN)
sys.stdout.write(mess)
resetColor()
#暗天藍(lán)色
#dark sky blue
def printDarkSkyBlue(mess):
set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_DARKSKYBLUE)
sys.stdout.write(mess)
resetColor()
#暗紅色
#dark red
def printDarkRed(mess):
set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_DARKRED)
sys.stdout.write(mess)
resetColor()
#暗粉紅色
#dark pink
def printDarkPink(mess):
set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_DARKPINK)
sys.stdout.write(mess)
resetColor()
#暗黃色
#dark yellow
def printDarkYellow(mess):
set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_DARKYELLOW)
sys.stdout.write(mess)
resetColor()
#暗白色
#dark white
def printDarkWhite(mess):
set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_DARKWHITE)
sys.stdout.write(mess)
resetColor()
#暗灰色
#dark gray
def printDarkGray(mess):
set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_DARKGRAY)
sys.stdout.write(mess)
resetColor()
#藍(lán)色
#blue
def printBlue(mess):
set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_BLUE)
sys.stdout.write(mess)
resetColor()
#綠色
#green
def printGreen(mess):
set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_GREEN)
sys.stdout.write(mess)
resetColor()
#天藍(lán)色
#sky blue
def printSkyBlue(mess):
set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_SKYBLUE)
sys.stdout.write(mess)
resetColor()
#紅色
#red
def printRed(mess):
set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_RED)
sys.stdout.write(mess)
resetColor()
#粉紅色
#pink
def printPink(mess):
set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_PINK)
sys.stdout.write(mess)
resetColor()
#黃色
#yellow
def printYellow(mess):
set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_YELLOW)
sys.stdout.write(mess)
resetColor()
#白色
#white
def printWhite(mess):
set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_WHITE)
sys.stdout.write(mess)
resetColor()
##################################################
#白底黑字
#white bkground and black text
def printWhiteBlack(mess):
set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_BLACK | BACKGROUND_WHITE)
sys.stdout.write(mess)
resetColor()
#白底黑字
#white bkground and black text
def printWhiteBlack_2(mess):
set_cmd_text_color(0xf0)
sys.stdout.write(mess)
resetColor()
#黃底藍(lán)字
#white bkground and black text
def printYellowRed(mess):
set_cmd_text_color(BACKGROUND_YELLOW | FOREGROUND_RED)
sys.stdout.write(mess)
resetColor()
##############################################################
if __name__ == '__main__':
print
printDarkBlue(u'printDarkBlue:暗藍(lán)色文字\n'.encode('gb2312'))
printDarkGreen(u'printDarkGreen:暗綠色文字\n'.encode('gb2312'))
printDarkSkyBlue(u'printDarkSkyBlue:暗天藍(lán)色文字\n'.encode('gb2312'))
printDarkRed(u'printDarkRed:暗紅色文字\n'.encode('gb2312'))
printDarkPink(u'printDarkPink:暗粉紅色文字\n'.encode('gb2312'))
printDarkYellow(u'printDarkYellow:暗黃色文字\n'.encode('gb2312'))
printDarkWhite(u'printDarkWhite:暗白色文字\n'.encode('gb2312'))
printDarkGray(u'printDarkGray:暗灰色文字\n'.encode('gb2312'))
printBlue(u'printBlue:藍(lán)色文字\n'.encode('gb2312'))
printGreen(u'printGreen:綠色文字\n'.encode('gb2312'))
printSkyBlue(u'printSkyBlue:天藍(lán)色文字\n'.encode('gb2312'))
printRed(u'printRed:紅色文字\n'.encode('gb2312'))
printPink(u'printPink:粉紅色文字\n'.encode('gb2312'))
printYellow(u'printYellow:黃色文字\n'.encode('gb2312'))
printWhite(u'printWhite:白色文字\n'.encode('gb2312'))
printWhiteBlack(u'printWhiteBlack:白底黑字輸出\n'.encode('gb2312'))
printWhiteBlack_2(u'printWhiteBlack_2:白底黑字輸出（直接傳入16進(jìn)制參數(shù)）\n'.encode('gb2312'))
printYellowRed(u'printYellowRed:黃底紅字輸出\n'.encode('gb2312'))
