動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”重點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞用法解析:
“make+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”句型:
?make用作使役動(dòng)詞表示 “使妄讯;使成為” 時(shí)字管,可跟復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)柿估,即“make+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”川慌,其中的賓語補(bǔ)足語可以是不帶to的不定式驹饺、過去分詞脸狸、形容詞或名詞】嫱啵現(xiàn)將make的復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)小結(jié)如下:
1、“make+賓語+n.” 意為“使肥惭、讓某人 / 某物(成為)……”盯仪。如:We made him captain of our football team. 我們推選他作我們足球隊(duì)隊(duì)長。We made him our monitor. 我們選他當(dāng)班長蜜葱。
2全景、“make+賓語+adj.” 意為 “使某人 / 某事(變得)……”。如:The news that our team had won made us very happy. 我們隊(duì)贏了的消息使我們大家非常高興牵囤。We must make the rivers clean. 我們必須凈化河水爸黄。
? ?友情提示:當(dāng)賓語是不定式短語或從句時(shí),多用it作形式賓語揭鳞。如:The heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out. 大雨使得我們無法出去炕贵。
3、“make+賓語+do sth.”(不帶to的不定式)”意為 “使某人做某事”野崇。如:What makes the grass grow? 什么東西使得草生長称开?Our teacher makes us feel more confident. 老師使得我們感到更自信了。
? ?友情提示:在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中乓梨,此類結(jié)構(gòu)中省略的動(dòng)詞不定式 to 要還原鳖轰。如:The boy was made to work twelve hours a day. 這個(gè)男孩被迫每天干十二個(gè)小時(shí)的活。Every day I am made to have an egg and some milk. 我每天不得不吃一個(gè)雞蛋扶镀,喝一些牛奶蕴侣。
? ?相關(guān)鏈接:have, make, let等使役動(dòng)詞和see, hear, listen to, look at, watch, notice, observe 等感官動(dòng)詞都可接不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。help后可帶to,也可不帶to臭觉。如:Let him do whatever he wishes to do. 他想干什么就讓他干吧昆雀。Did you see him go out? 你看見他出去了嗎辱志?I often help my mother (to) do some housework. 我經(jīng)常幫助媽媽做些家務(wù)。
4狞膘、“make+賓語+V-ed(過去分詞作賓補(bǔ))”這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)指賓語接受后面的那個(gè)動(dòng)作荸频,表示被動(dòng)的意思,意為 “使某人 / 某事被……”客冈。如:The strange noise made us frightened. 奇怪的聲音使我們感到恐懼。The good news made us excited. 這個(gè)好消息使我們興奮稳强。
? ?友情提示:通常情況下场仲,make后的賓語是反身代詞時(shí),作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞要用過去分詞退疫,即:make oneself+V-ed (heard, known, understood)渠缕。如:He couldn't make himself heard above the noise of the traffic. 在交通嘈雜聲中他無法使自己的聲音提高到讓別人聽到。I think it is diffcult to make myself understood.我想讓別人理解我太難了.
? ?但有時(shí)褒繁,根據(jù)句子意思也可用其他形式亦鳞。如:The little child stood on the chair to make himself look taller. 那個(gè)小孩兒站在椅子上,使他看上去更高些棒坏。
? ?友情提示:
現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)和不帶 to 的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別是:現(xiàn)在分詞一般表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行燕差,而不帶 to 的不定式則一般表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。如:I saw him putting his hand into his pocket. (動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行) ?I saw him put his hand into his pocket. (動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成)
“have+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”句型:
動(dòng)詞have后面的賓語補(bǔ)足語有三種不同的形式:
1.“have+賓語+動(dòng)詞不定式(短語)”結(jié)構(gòu)要求用動(dòng)詞不定式短語作賓語補(bǔ)足語坝冕,而且動(dòng)詞不定式(短語)不能帶to徒探,意為“讓某人做某事”。這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的have喂窟,在含義和用法上與作使役動(dòng)詞用的make差不多测暗。例如: I’ll have my sister sing an English song.我將讓我妹妹唱一首英語歌。
2.“have+賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)”結(jié)構(gòu)要求用現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作賓語補(bǔ)足語磨澡,其含義也是“讓某人做某事”碗啄,但與動(dòng)詞不定式(短語)作賓語補(bǔ)足語有區(qū)別:動(dòng)詞不定式(短語)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作的全過程,而現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行中稳摄。這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的have在含義和用法上與“keep+賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中的keep基本相同稚字。例如:Don’t have the boy standing outside.(別讓孩子站在外面。)
3.“have+賓語+過去分詞(短語)”結(jié)構(gòu)要求用過去分詞(短語)作賓語補(bǔ)足語厦酬。它有三種不同的含義:
1)表示請別人做某事尉共。例如: My watch doesn’t work.I’m going to have it repaired.(我的手表壞了,我想請人修理一下弃锐。)
2)表示遭遇到某事袄友。例如:She had her bike stolen.(她的自行車被人偷了。)
3)表示完成某事霹菊。例如:We must have this work finished by Saturday.(我們一定要在星期六以前完成這項(xiàng)工作剧蚣。)
“keep+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”句型:
keep 用作及物動(dòng)詞常用句型為“ keep+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”支竹,意為“使……保持某種狀態(tài)”,可分為以下三種情況:
1鸠按、“keep+賓語+形容詞/副詞”的句型礼搁,Keep在此句型中表示“使(人或物)保持在(某一狀態(tài))”的意思。如:He always keeps his room clean.他總是把他的房間保持得干干凈凈的目尖。Keep the door closed,please.請關(guān)上門馒吴。The other students in the class keep their eyes closed.班上的其他學(xué)生閉上了眼睛。
2瑟曲、keep+賓語+介詞短語饮戳。如:Please keep your hands behind your back.請把手放在背后。:They must keep their hands behind their backs.他們必須把手放在背后洞拨。 Don't you want to keep me in the classroom?你是不是叫我一直呆在教室里不出去?
3扯罐、keep+賓語+V-ing(現(xiàn)在分詞) 如:Don't keep them working day and night.不要讓他們不分白天黑夜的工作。
“l(fā)eave+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”句型:
“l(fā)eave+賓語+賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)中l(wèi)eave作為及物動(dòng)詞烦衣,可以表示“使保留歹河,讓……處于(某種狀態(tài)、某地等)”花吟。其后接形容詞秸歧、分詞、不定式衅澈、介詞短語寥茫、名詞或句子等補(bǔ)足語。
a. leave+賓語+賓補(bǔ)(形容詞)例如:would you please leave the door open for me? 請你為我把門開著矾麻,好嗎纱耻?
b. leave+賓語+賓補(bǔ)(分詞) 例如:He has left me waiting for a long time . 他讓我等了好長時(shí)間。That man left the bike mended . 那人沒修那輛自行車险耀。
c. leave+賓語+賓補(bǔ)(介詞短語)例如:You must leave him at home . 你必須把他留在家里弄喘。
“find+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”句型:
“find+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)在初中英語教材中頻繁出現(xiàn),現(xiàn)將其常見結(jié)構(gòu)歸納如下:
1甩牺、find+賓語+名詞(詞組)蘑志。例如:The teacher found the girl a good singer.老師發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)女孩是個(gè)出色的歌手。We found it a difficult problem.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這是一個(gè)難題贬派。
2急但、find+賓語+形容詞。例如:Many people found English more and more useful.很多人發(fā)現(xiàn)英語越來越有用搞乏。They found the boy very clever.他們發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)男孩很聰明波桩。
3、find+賓語+副詞请敦。例如:When I rang up Mike镐躲,I found him out.我給邁克打電話時(shí)储玫,發(fā)現(xiàn)他出去了。
4萤皂、find+賓語+介詞短語撒穷。例如:I found the cat under the desk.我發(fā)現(xiàn)那只貓?jiān)谧雷拥紫隆e found Lin Tao at home.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)林濤在家里裆熙。
5端礼、find+賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞。例如:When I went into her room入录,I found her reading a book.我走進(jìn)她房間時(shí)蛤奥,發(fā)現(xiàn)她在看一本書。The girl found a purse lying on the ground.這位姑娘發(fā)現(xiàn)地上有一個(gè)錢包纷跛。
6、find+賓語+過去分詞邀杏。例如:The next morning贫奠,the old man found himself covered with an old coat.第二天早晨,老人發(fā)現(xiàn)自己身上蓋著一件舊大衣望蜡。
7唤崭、當(dāng)不定式作find的賓語時(shí),通常用it作形式賓語脖律,真正的賓語則放在賓語補(bǔ)足語之后谢肾。例如:He found it very difficult to solve the problem.他發(fā)現(xiàn)要解決這個(gè)問題很難。You will find it difficult to get along with him. 你會發(fā)現(xiàn)他這個(gè)人很難相處小泉。