一糟港、介紹
Requests是一個(gè)很實(shí)用的Python HTTP客戶端庫，編寫爬蟲和測(cè)試服務(wù)器響應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)經(jīng)常會(huì)用到塔插，Requests是Python語言的第三方的庫染苛，專門用于發(fā)送HTTP請(qǐng)求
二、前提
pip install requests
三毁兆、get的請(qǐng)求
3.1 GET無參請(qǐng)求
r = requests.get('http://www.baidu.com')
3.2 GET傳參
payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2', 'key3': None}
r = requests.get('http://www.baidu.com ', params=payload)
- 案例：測(cè)試聚合數(shù)據(jù)
- 代碼
import requests
class UseRequestClass():
#get傳參的第一種方式
def XWTTMethod(self):
r = requests.get("http://v.juhe.cn/toutiao/index?type=guonei&key=4b72107de3a197b3bafd9adacf685790")
print(r.text)
#get傳參的第二種方式
def XWTTMethod(self):
params = {"type":"guonei","key":"4b72107de3a197b3bafd9adacf685790"}
r = requests.get("http://v.juhe.cn/toutiao/index",params=params)
print(r.text)
四浙滤、post請(qǐng)求
類似python中的表單提交
payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
r = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post", data=payload)
- 案例：測(cè)試聚合數(shù)據(jù)
- 代碼
import requests
class UseRequestClass():
def XWTTPostMethod(self):
params = {"type":"guonei","key":"4b72107de3a197b3bafd9adacf685790"}
r = requests.post("http://v.juhe.cn/toutiao/index",params=params)
#print(r.status_code)
return r.status_code
五、Requests響應(yīng)
r.status_code 響應(yīng)狀態(tài)碼
r.heards 響應(yīng)頭
r.cookies 響應(yīng)cookies
r.text 響應(yīng)文本
r. encoding 當(dāng)前編碼
r. content 以字節(jié)形式（二進(jìn)制）返回
最常用的是根據(jù)響應(yīng)狀態(tài)碼判斷接口是否連通气堕，經(jīng)常用于做接口中斷言判斷
六纺腊、Request擴(kuò)充
1.添加等待時(shí)間
requests.get(url,timeout=1) #超過等待時(shí)間則報(bào)錯(cuò)
2.添加請(qǐng)求頭信息
requests.get(url,headers=headers) #設(shè)置請(qǐng)求頭
3.添加文件
requests.post(url, files=files) #添加文件
文件傳輸
url = 'http://httpbin.org/post'
files = {'file': open('report.xls', 'rb')}
r = requests.post(url, files=files)
七畔咧、requests+pytest+allure
7.1 流程如下
讀取文件中的數(shù)據(jù)
requests拿到數(shù)據(jù)請(qǐng)求接口返回狀態(tài)碼
通過斷言驗(yàn)證返回狀態(tài)碼和200對(duì)比
生成allure的測(cè)試報(bào)告
7.2 模塊總覽
dataDemo(存放數(shù)據(jù))>> readDemo(讀取數(shù)據(jù))
useRequests(發(fā)送請(qǐng)求)>>testDemo(生成報(bào)告)
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7.3 讀取csv文件流程
7.3.1 存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)(csv)
通過excel另存為csv即可。
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7.3.2 讀取數(shù)據(jù)(readDemo)
image
代碼展示
import csv
class ReadCsv():
def readCsv(self):
item = []
rr = csv.reader(open("../dataDemo/123.csv"))
for csv_i in rr:
item.append(csv_i)
item =item [1:]
return item
7.3.3 request請(qǐng)求接口返回狀態(tài)碼
image
代碼展示
import requests
from readDataDemo.readcsv import ReadCsv
r = ReadCsv()
ee = r.readCsv()
# print(ee)
class RequestCsv():
def requestsCsv(self):
item = []
for csv_i in ee:
if csv_i[2] =="get":
rr = requests.get(csv_i[0],params=csv_i[1])
item.append(rr.status_code)
else:
rr = requests.post(csv_i[0],data=csv_i[1])
item.append(rr.status_code)
return item
7.3.4 pytest斷言設(shè)置并結(jié)合allure生成測(cè)試報(bào)告
image
- 代碼展示
import pytest,os,allure
from userequests.userequestsDemo.requestscsv import RequestCsv
r = RequestCsv()
ee = r.requestsCsv()
print(ee)
class TestClass02():
def test001(self):
for code in ee:
assert code == 200
if __name__ == '__main__':
pytest.main(['--alluredir', 'report/result', 'test_02csv.py'])
split = 'allure ' + 'generate ' + './report/result ' + '-o ' + './report/html ' + '--clean'
os.system(split)
7.3.5 測(cè)試報(bào)告展示
image
7.4 讀取excle文件流程
7.4.1 存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)(xlsx)
image
7.4.2 讀取數(shù)據(jù)(readDemo)
安裝openpyxl：pip install openpyxl
from openpyxl import load_workbook
class Readxcel():
def getTestExcel(self):
# 打開表
workbook = load_workbook("G:\python\pythonProject\pytest05a\\requestdemo\\a.xlsx")
# 定位表單
sheet = workbook['Sheet1']
print(sheet.max_row) # 3 行
print(sheet.max_column) # 3 列
test_data = [] # 把所有行的數(shù)據(jù)放到列表中
for i in range(2, sheet.max_row + 1):
sub_data = {} # 把每行的數(shù)據(jù)放到字典中
for j in range(1, sheet.max_column + 1):
sub_data[sheet.cell(1, j).value] = sheet.cell(i, j).value
test_data.append(sub_data) # 拼接每行單元格的數(shù)據(jù)
return test_data
t = Readxcel()
f = t.getTestExcel()
print(f)
7.4.3 request請(qǐng)求接口返回狀態(tài)碼
import requests
from requestdemo.readexcel import Readxcel
class GetStatusCode():
def getStatusCode(self):
t = Readxcel()
f = t.getTestExcel()
item = []
for excel_i in f:
if excel_i["method"] == "get":
rr = requests.get(excel_i["url"], params=excel_i["params"])
item.append(rr.status_code)
else:
rr = requests.post(excel_i["url"], data=excel_i["params"])
item.append(rr.status_code)
return item
print(GetStatusCode().getStatusCode())
7.4.4 pytest斷言設(shè)置并結(jié)合allure生成測(cè)試報(bào)告
import allure, pytest, os
from requestdemo.getStatusCode import GetStatusCode
get = GetStatusCode()
statusCodes = get.getStatusCode()
class TestReadExcel():
def testReadExcel(self):
for code in statusCodes:
assert code == 200
if __name__ == "__main__":
# 生成測(cè)試報(bào)告json
pytest.main(["-s", "-q", '--alluredir', 'report/result', 'testreadexcel.py'])
# 將測(cè)試報(bào)告轉(zhuǎn)為html格式
split = 'allure ' + 'generate ' + './report/result ' + '-o ' + './report/html ' + '--clean'
os.system(split)
7.4.5：測(cè)試報(bào)告展示
image
