Summary

it captures the most important element—learning from the best predecessors—and that has proved enough to generate rapid improvements in the field.

subjective judgments are inherently vulnerable to all sorts of biases.

Once you have identified an expert, identify what this person does differently from others that could explain the superior performance. There are likely to be many things the person does differently that have nothing to do with the superior performance, but at least it is a place to start.

The better you are able to tailor your training to mirror the best performers in your field, the more effective your training is likely to be.

Effective feedback is about more than whether you did something right or wrong.

This distinction between deliberate practice aimed at a particular goal and generic practice is crucial because not every type of practice leads to the improved ability that we saw in the music students or the ballet dancers.

In pretty much any area of human endeavor, people have a tremendous capacity to improve their performance, as long as they train in the right way.

The horizons of human potential are expanding with each new generation.

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There are many, many areas in the working world today where the lessons learned from studies of expert performers can help improve performance.

One benefit of “l(fā)earning while real work gets done” is that it gets people into the habit of practicing and thinking about practicing.

This is no?different in theory than a music teacher noticing that a student is having difficulty with a particular?type of finger movement and assigning a series of exercises designed to improve that movement.

a simulator?supervisor can initiate an interruption at exactly the critical point on various occasions.

Words and Expressions

rule of thumb

Thus a good rule of thumb is to seek out people who work intimately with many other professionals, such as a nurse who plays a role on several different surgery teams and can compare their performance and identify the best.

經(jīng)驗(yàn)法則掉冶，經(jīng)驗(yàn)做法

E.g.:A good rule of thumb is that a broker must generate sales of ten times his salary if his employer is to make a profit.

daunting

When we say that it takes ten thousand— or however many—hours to become really good at something, we put the focus on the daunting nature of the task.

tending to overwhelm or intimate?

E.g. : a daunting task

Few things are more daunting than having to speak in front of a large crowd.

to one's credit?

To its credit, the navy was able to devise a successful way to train its pilots without putting them in much danger.

值得贊揚(yáng)的

E.g. : It is greatly to your credit that you gave back the money you found.

My Thoughts

How much you improve is up to you.

1.沒(méi)有條件要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造條件：

對(duì)于你的領(lǐng)域或者想提升的技能，你可能無(wú)法找到一個(gè)合適你的老師或者指導(dǎo)者。那你不能就此放棄練習(xí)，學(xué)會(huì)利用各方面的資源蒙挑，尋找到一切你可以得到的幫助，盡量滿足刻意練習(xí)的各項(xiàng)要求凑阶，自己調(diào)整訓(xùn)練計(jì)劃和節(jié)奏瓦胎，從而達(dá)到一個(gè)高水準(zhǔn)芬萍。

2.練習(xí)會(huì)帶給你更多達(dá)到高手水平的機(jī)會(huì)：

之前的一萬(wàn)小時(shí)理論有一定的局限性，但是同時(shí)它也指出了聯(lián)系的重要性搔啊。沒(méi)有足夠的練習(xí)是不可能獲得長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的進(jìn)步的柬祠。通過(guò)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間集中精力、有目標(biāo)的練習(xí)负芋，你會(huì)得到更多的可能性達(dá)到甚至超過(guò)高水準(zhǔn)漫蛔。換句話說(shuō)，刻意練習(xí)是在某方面取得成功的必要條件而不是充要條件旧蛾。

3.機(jī)械式的重復(fù)工作并不是高效的練習(xí)：

不斷重復(fù)做一個(gè)件事情或者一個(gè)動(dòng)作莽龟，會(huì)讓你肌肉產(chǎn)生記憶，從而提高特定事情的準(zhǔn)確度和效率锨天。但是這樣做毯盈，并不能使你到達(dá)一個(gè)新的高度。你通過(guò)每天搬磚可以提高你的肌肉力量和搬運(yùn)的效率病袄，但是你永遠(yuǎn)無(wú)法通過(guò)不斷重復(fù)這個(gè)過(guò)程掌握如何砌墻的搂赋。并且，你無(wú)法獲得一個(gè)良好的反饋來(lái)調(diào)整自己的計(jì)劃益缠，只是一味地機(jī)械式重復(fù)脑奠。你得通過(guò)刻意練習(xí)才有可能再次突破自己，將自身能力提高至最高水平左刽。