給k個(gè)字符串唆途，求出他們的最長公共前綴(LCP)

樣例
在 "ABCD" "ABEF" 和 "ACEF" 中, LCP 為 "A"

在 "ABCDEFG", "ABCEFG", "ABCEFA" 中, LCP 為 "ABC"

分析

方法一 ： 橫向遍歷

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以第一個(gè)string為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，依次判斷是否是前綴蒲犬，如果不是就減一，直到為前綴岸啡。

public String longestCommonPrefix(String[] strs) {
    if (strs.length == 0) return "";
    String prefix = strs[0];
    for (int i = 1; i < strs.length; i++)
        while (strs[i].indexOf(prefix) != 0) {
            prefix = prefix.substring(0, prefix.length() - 1);
            if (prefix.isEmpty()) return "";
        }        
    return prefix;
}

方法二：縱向遍歷

從第一個(gè)字符開始遍歷原叮，知道找到所有字符串出現(xiàn)不一樣的字符為止

public String longestCommonPrefix(String[] strs) {
    if (strs == null || strs.length == 0) return "";
    for (int i = 0; i < strs[0].length() ; i++){
        char c = strs[0].charAt(i);
        for (int j = 1; j < strs.length; j ++) {
            if (i == strs[j].length() || strs[j].charAt(i) != c)
                return strs[0].substring(0, i);             
        }
    }
    return strs[0];
}

方法三：分治法

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public String longestCommonPrefix(String[] strs) {
    if (strs == null || strs.length == 0) return "";    
        return longestCommonPrefix(strs, 0 , strs.length - 1);
}

private String longestCommonPrefix(String[] strs, int l, int r) {
    if (l == r) {
        return strs[l];
    }
    else {
        int mid = (l + r)/2;
        String lcpLeft =   longestCommonPrefix(strs, l , mid);
        String lcpRight =  longestCommonPrefix(strs, mid + 1,r);
        return commonPrefix(lcpLeft, lcpRight);
   }
}

String commonPrefix(String left,String right) {
    int min = Math.min(left.length(), right.length());       
    for (int i = 0; i < min; i++) {
        if ( left.charAt(i) != right.charAt(i) )
            return left.substring(0, i);
    }
    return left.substring(0, min);
}

方法四：二分法

首先我們找出最短的字符串，最長的前綴的長度不會(huì)超過這個(gè)字符串巡蘸。然后我們使用二分搜索的方式：

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public String longestCommonPrefix(String[] strs) {
    if (strs == null || strs.length == 0)
        return "";
    int minLen = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
    for (String str : strs)
        minLen = Math.min(minLen, str.length());
    int low = 1;
    int high = minLen;
    while (low <= high) {
        int middle = (low + high) / 2;
        if (isCommonPrefix(strs, middle))
            low = middle + 1;
        else
            high = middle - 1;
    }
    return strs[0].substring(0, (low + high) / 2);
}

private boolean isCommonPrefix(String[] strs, int len){
    String str1 = strs[0].substring(0,len);
    for (int i = 1; i < strs.length; i++)
        if (!strs[i].startsWith(str1))
            return false;
    return true;
}