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The Economist 翻譯系列 NO. 5

原文請(qǐng)見：https://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21726692-countries-bar-them-certain-jobs-should-think-again-people-two-nationalities-should

Countries that bar them from certain jobs should think again

禁止他們從事某些工作的國家應(yīng)該反思下

AUSTRALIA’S constitution has plenty of unfortunate clauses: the one allowing states to bar particular races from voting is especially distasteful, even though none does. But until last month few would have pointed to Section 44 as the cause of a political furore. It states that members of the federal parliament must not be “under any acknowledgment of allegiance, obedience or adherence to a foreign power”. More specifically, they must not be a “subject or citizen” of a foreign country.

澳大利亞的憲法有足夠多的令人遺憾的條款殿如。允許各州禁止特定種族參加選舉的那條尤其惡心，盡管沒有哪個(gè)州照著做最爬。但直到上月之前涉馁，沒人認(rèn)為憲法第44條會(huì)引發(fā)一場政治騷亂。這一條例聲明爱致，聯(lián)邦議會(huì)成員不得“擁護(hù)烤送、服從或信奉一個(gè)外國政權(quán)“。更確切地說糠悯，他們不能是一位外國公民帮坚。

That seems clear enough, yet so far half a dozen members of parliament have been found to have broken the rule. Two senators resigned in July, having discovered that they were still citizens of countries from which they had emigrated as infants. The most recent MP to be rumbled, Barnaby Joyce, the tub-thumpingly patriotic deputy prime minister, is considered a citizen by New Zealand, since his father was born there. The fate of the government may hang on whether he is forced to resign.

這看起來夠清楚了妻往，但到目前為止已經(jīng)有六位議會(huì)成員被發(fā)現(xiàn)破例。有兩名參議員已經(jīng)在七月份辭職试和，因?yàn)榘l(fā)現(xiàn)他們?nèi)允菑膵雰簳r(shí)期移民過來的國家的公民讯泣。而最近一位被披露出來的議員，Barnaby Joyce阅悍，慷慨激昂的愛國的副總理好渠，被認(rèn)為是新西蘭公民，因?yàn)樗母赣H出生在那里节视。政府的命運(yùn)可能取決于他是否會(huì)被迫辭職拳锚。

Trying to make sure that lawmakers do not owe allegiance to a foreign power is fair enough. But the accident of birth and possession of particular citizenship papers are poor measures of loyalty, all the more so in a time of global travel, migration and mixed marriages. People of more than one nationality should not be treated with suspicion. As long as they pay their taxes, they should be celebrated.

確認(rèn)立法者不擁護(hù)外國政權(quán)是相當(dāng)合理的。但是出生的造化和擁有特定公民身份證明并不代表忠誠寻行，尤其是在目前這么一個(gè)全球旅行霍掺、移民和通婚盛行的時(shí)代。有不止一個(gè)國籍的人不應(yīng)該被猜忌拌蜘，只要他們納稅杆烁，他們就應(yīng)該被歡迎。

It is not just Australia that has archaic rules of eligibility for parliament, although it is feeling the problem more acutely because it has become vastly more cosmopolitan than it was when its constitution was drafted in the 1890s. Fully 26% of Australians were born abroad. An even bigger percentage would be eligible for (and may indeed hold) citizenship of some other country by descent, like Mr Joyce.

并非只有澳大利亞才有對(duì)議會(huì)資格的陳舊規(guī)定拦坠。雖然连躏，由于它已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)比1890年代憲法起草時(shí)國際化得多，它更為深切地感受到了這個(gè)問題贞滨。整整26%的澳大利亞人是在海外出生的入热，而更大比例的人群有資格有（并可能事實(shí)上擁有）他國的通過血統(tǒng)獲得的公民權(quán)，比如Joyce先生這樣晓铆。

Egypt, Israel and Sri Lanka, among others, do not allow dual citizens to be MPs. Three of the four most populous countries in the world—China, India and Indonesia—do not allow dual citizenship at all. Japan and Germany severely restrict it. In America only a “natural born citizen” can become president—a rule that dogged a previous president, Barack Obama, during the absurd “birther” controversy. Myanmar bars people who have married foreigners from the presidency, which is why Aung San Suu Kyi, daughter of the country’s independence hero, Aung San, cannot hold the job; instead, she has invented the post of “state counsellor” to run the country. Mexican law bars not only immigrants from the presidency, but also their children in certain circumstances. Naturalised Mexicans, who must renounce any other passports, are not allowed to serve in the police, fly a plane or captain a ship.

其它國家勺良，如埃及、以色列和斯里蘭卡不允許雙重國籍的人成為議員骄噪。而四個(gè)人口最多的國家中的三個(gè)---中國尚困，印度和印尼---則完全不允許雙重國籍。日本和德國也嚴(yán)重限制這點(diǎn)链蕊。在美國事甜，只有"本國出生公民”才能成為總統(tǒng)---這條規(guī)則伴隨著荒謬的“出生造假”質(zhì)疑始終尾隨著巴拉克.奧巴馬。緬甸則禁止和外國人結(jié)婚的人成為總統(tǒng)滔韵，這也是為什么昂山素季逻谦、這個(gè)國家的獨(dú)立英雄昂山的女兒，無法上任陪蜻。于是邦马，她創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)“國務(wù)咨政“的職位來管理國家。墨西哥的法律不僅禁止移民擔(dān)任總統(tǒng)，并在某些情況下同樣不給移民的孩子機(jī)會(huì)滋将。新入墨西哥籍者邻悬，不僅必須宣布放棄所有他國護(hù)照，而且還不能成為警察随闽、駕駛飛機(jī)或成為船長父丰。

These rules are derived from crude notions of identity based on blood and soil. They might have appealed in times of frequent inter-state wars and mass conscription. They make no sense in this age of volunteer armies and globalisation.

這些規(guī)定都起源于基于血統(tǒng)和土地的原始的身份概念。在有頻繁的跨國戰(zhàn)爭和大規(guī)模征兵的時(shí)代橱脸，這可能很有用础米。但在現(xiàn)在這個(gè)自愿參軍和全球化的時(shí)代，這些規(guī)定毫無意義添诉。

There is no reason to suppose that dual nationals are any more inclined to treachery than anyone else. Many examples point to the contrary. The only Australian MP to have been accused of doing another country’s bidding in recent years is Sam Dastyari, a senator who made statements sympathetic to China after taking money from companies with ties to the Chinese government. He is not of Chinese origin.

沒有任何理由證明雙重國籍的人會(huì)比其他人更為不忠誠屁桑。許多例子剛好相反。近年來唯一一位被指控”為別國說話“的澳大利亞議員是Sam Dastyari栏赴，這名參議員在收取了與中國政府有關(guān)聯(lián)的公司的賄賂后發(fā)表了對(duì)中國有利的陳詞蘑斧。而他并不是華裔。

Money, ideology or blackmail are more likely to procure “allegiance, obedience and adherence” than a passport. Think of Benedict Arnold, an American general in the war of independence who asked for ￡20,000 to defect to the British side; or of the “Cambridge Five”, upper-crust Britons who spied for the Soviet Union. And remember that the Battle of Britain against Nazi Germany was won with the sacrifice of, among others, many Polish and other foreign pilots.

相對(duì)于一紙護(hù)照须眷，錢竖瘾、意識(shí)形態(tài)和勒索更有可能產(chǎn)生”擁護(hù)、服從與信奉”花颗。想想Benedict Arnold捕传，美國獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭時(shí)的一位將軍，為了2萬美元投靠了英國方扩劝；或者“劍橋五杰”庸论，英國上流社會(huì)的成員卻為蘇聯(lián)當(dāng)間諜。以及棒呛，請(qǐng)記住聂示，英國能戰(zhàn)勝納粹德國的代價(jià)之一，是犧牲了很多波蘭和其它國家的飛行員簇秒。

In praise of mongrels

贊美雜種

These days most people’s contribution to their home countries is through their work, talent, ingenuity and investment. Closer relations between countries are a good thing, diminishing the chances of conflict and increasing prosperity through trade. Who better to knit those ties than those of mixed nationality? If voters are worried that politicians with two or more passports might not be acting in their best interests, they can always vote them out. But they should also be given the choice to vote such people in.

現(xiàn)在絕大多數(shù)人對(duì)祖國的貢獻(xiàn)是通過他們的工作鱼喉、才能、發(fā)明創(chuàng)造和投資趋观。國家之間的親密關(guān)系是件好事扛禽，它減少了沖突且通過貿(mào)易促進(jìn)繁榮。有誰比多重國籍的人更能促進(jìn)這些聯(lián)系呢皱坛？即使選民們擔(dān)心有兩三個(gè)護(hù)照的政治家們可能不代表他們的最佳利益旋圆，他們也總是可以投票把他們?cè)龠x下去。但是他們也應(yīng)該有權(quán)把這樣的人選上來麸恍。

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