大家好菱肖！2 月 11 日到 2 月 24 日這兩周的“每周一段”段落選自《劍橋雅思官方真題集 9》中第三套題的雅思考官范文。 ?

上個(gè)月我們學(xué)習(xí)的考官作文題目類型是“Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages? ”侵续，這個(gè)月我們來看另一個(gè)雅思大作文常見經(jīng)典題型：“Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.” ??

學(xué)習(xí)建議：在開始閱讀第 2 部分“段落解讀”前倔丈，先試著自己花 20-30 分鐘閱讀作文題目、要求状蜗，以及文本部分需五。想一想你會(huì)怎樣學(xué)習(xí)這兩段考官范文。然后再閱讀“段落解讀”轧坎。

作文題目/Topic：?

Some people say that the best way to improve public health is by increasing the number of sports facilities. Others, however, say that this would have little effect on public health and that other measures are required.

作文要求/Task：?

Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. ?Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

一宏邮、文本

A problem of modern societies is the declining level of health in the general population, with conflicting views on how to tackle this worrying trend. One possible solution is to provide more sports facilities to encourage a more active lifestyle. ?

Advocates of this believe that today's sedentary lifestyle and stressful working conditions mean that physical activity is no longer part of either the work or our leisure time. If there were easy-to-reach local sports centers, we would be more likely to make exercise a regular part of our lives, rather than just collapsing in front of a screen every evening. The variety of sports that could be offered would cater for all ages, levels of fitness and interests: those with painful memories of PE at school might be happier in the swimming pool than on the football pitch.

However, there may be better ways of tackling this problem. Interest in sports is not universal, and additional facilities might only attract the already fit, not those who most need them. Physical activity could be encouraged relatively cheaply, for example by installing exercise equipment in parks, as my local council has done. This has the added benefit that parents and children often use together just for fun, which develops a positive attitude to exercise at an early age. ?

As well as physical activity, high tax penalties could be imposed on hight-fat food products, tobacco and alcohol, as excessive consumption of any of these contributes to poor health. Even improving public transport would help: it takes longer to walk to the bus station than to the car. ?

In my opinion, focusing on sports facilities is too narrow an approach and would not have the desired results. People should be encouraged not only to be more physically active but also to adopt a healthier lifestyle in general.

二、段落解讀

段落選自雅思考官范文的第一段和第二段缸血。?

基本解讀： ?

這個(gè)題目的要求是“Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.” 這是雅思作文中經(jīng)典的題型之一蜜氨。 ?

這個(gè)題目的問法基本決定了文章的結(jié)構(gòu)，即“開頭段--討論 A 觀點(diǎn)--討論 B 觀點(diǎn)--給出自己的觀點(diǎn)--結(jié)尾段”捎泻。這類文章一般全文共有 4-5 段飒炎，很多時(shí)候討論自己觀點(diǎn)的那段就是結(jié)尾段（比如這篇文章、《劍橋雅思官方真題集 6》中第二套題的雅思考官范文和《劍橋雅思官方真題集 8》中第一套題的雅思考官范文）笆豁，有時(shí)候討論完自己的觀點(diǎn)之后會(huì)再寫一個(gè)結(jié)尾段做總結(jié)（《劍橋雅思官方真題集 7》中第一套題的雅思考官范文）郎汪。 ?

在有的文章中，討論 A 或 B 觀點(diǎn)時(shí)會(huì)用兩個(gè)段落闯狱，比如這篇文章：討論 A 觀點(diǎn)用了一段（文章第 2 段）煞赢，討論 B 觀點(diǎn)用了兩段（文章第 3、4 段）哄孤。 ?

這篇文章開頭段共兩句話照筑，第 1 句介紹了題目背景；第 2 句對(duì)觀點(diǎn) A （即增加運(yùn)動(dòng)設(shè)備的數(shù)量可以）作了 paraphrase瘦陈。 ?

第二段討論了 A 觀點(diǎn)凝危，共有 3 句話。第 1 句給出了需要更多健身器械的理由：人們習(xí)慣久坐晨逝，工作壓力大媒抠，運(yùn)動(dòng)量小咏花；第 2 句寫如果能有更多的健身器械會(huì)有什么好處；第 3 句寫不同的運(yùn)動(dòng)給人們帶來的好處阀趴。

進(jìn)階解讀： ?

?1）雅思作文昏翰，甚至托福和 GRE 作文最重要的是正文部分的論證，因此無需在開頭部分使用過多筆墨刘急。 ?

雅思考官范文一般開頭段 1-2 句話棚菊，個(gè)別有 3 句話的情況。不管是什么類型的題目叔汁，開頭都要力求簡潔统求、直接检碗、相關(guān)。碰到“Discuss both these views and give your own opinion”這類題目码邻，開頭段一般只要用一句話簡要介紹主題背景就好折剃，比如這篇開頭段的第 1 句話。這篇文章開頭段的第 2 句話寫得很巧像屋，直接怕犁、簡要地引出了第一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，做了啟下己莺。 ?

2）注意積累積極寫作詞匯奏甫。 ?

我們可以從中積累健康、運(yùn)動(dòng)凌受、生活方式類話題寫作必備表達(dá)阵子，比如 the declining level of health, encourage a more active lifestyle, a sedentary lifestyle, stressful working conditions, easy-to-reach local sports centers, cater for all ages, levels of fitness and interests。?

3）不要小看“mean”/“意味著”這個(gè)小詞的表達(dá)效果胜蛉。

我們前面講過挠进，觀點(diǎn)的展開就是不斷回答 why, how, how so, so what 和 then what 的過程。但有時(shí)候我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)很多觀點(diǎn)一句話就說完了腾么，總會(huì)覺得無話可說奈梳，不知道怎么進(jìn)一步展開。這個(gè)時(shí)候可以試著用“mean”/“意味著”了解虱，比如第二段的第 1 句： ?

Advocates of this believe that today's sedentary lifestyle and stressful working conditions meanthat physical activity is no longer part of either the work or our leisure time. ??

我們會(huì)說現(xiàn)在人們習(xí)慣久坐攘须，工作壓力大，然后呢殴泰？很多人可能會(huì)寫不下去于宙。這個(gè)時(shí)候“mean”/“意味著”這個(gè)引領(lǐng)詞可以幫助我們回答 so what 和 then what，打開思路悍汛。如果我們經(jīng)常閱讀《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》捞魁，會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)它會(huì)大量使用“mean”這個(gè)詞。它可以幫作者打開思路离咐，把一個(gè)問題討論谱俭、分析徹底，也可以讓讀者感覺到作者的耐心和同理心宵蛀。 ?

4）可以通過進(jìn)行合理假設(shè)和推論昆著，拓展寫作的思路。

這一點(diǎn)在上個(gè)月（“if specialists have to be brought in to deliver these sessions”和“if primary language teaching is not standardized”）已經(jīng)提到過术陶，在這篇文章中也有體現(xiàn)： ?If there were easy-to-reach local sports centres, we would be more likely to make exercise a regular part of our lives, rather than just collapsing in front of a screen every evening. ?不同的是凑懂，這句話中使用了虛擬語氣（If there were X, we would...）∥喙可以通過臨摹來掌握接谨，在進(jìn)行假設(shè)和推論時(shí)使用摆碉。 ?

5）通過表示對(duì)比和對(duì)照的表達(dá)讓寫作更豐富、更有說服力脓豪。還是第二段的第 2 句話： ?

If there were easy-to-reach local sports centres, we would be more likely to make exercise a regular part of our lives, rather than just collapsing in front of a screen every evening. ?

寫作基礎(chǔ)一般的同學(xué)可能會(huì)這么寫： ?

If there were easy-to-reach local sports centres, we would be more likely to make exercise a regular part of our lives. ?

“rather than...”這部分雖然確實(shí)不是最重要的信息巷帝，但這樣的補(bǔ)充能讓論證顯得更豐富、更立體跑揉。很多同學(xué)背誦過 rather than, instead of, whereas, while, by contrast, in contrast 這樣表示對(duì)比和對(duì)照的表達(dá)锅睛，但更重要的是在寫作中把這些詞恰到好處地用出來。 ?

6）舉例論證可以很簡潔历谍，不必使用多個(gè)句子现拒。不少學(xué)生遇到的一個(gè)問題是，喜歡使用舉例論證望侈，但是往往會(huì)用多個(gè)句子來描述例子印蔬，顯得拖沓，而且有湊字?jǐn)?shù)的嫌疑脱衙。以第二段第 3 句話為例： ?

The variety of sports that could be offered would cater for all ages, levels of fitness and interests: those with painful memories of PE at school might be happier in the swimming pool than on the football pitch. ?

有的同學(xué)可能會(huì)這么寫：?

The variety of sports that could be offered would cater for all ages, levels of fitness and interests. Some of my classmates in high school did not enjoy PE because football was the only available sport. Those who are keen on swimming, for example, had to endure ?long hours of boring football kicking. If a variety of sports were introduced, they would be happier. ??

如果“the variety of sports”是一個(gè)單獨(dú)的自然段的話侥猬，這么寫還好。但如果它只是 A 觀點(diǎn)中的一個(gè)分支觀點(diǎn)捐韩，那么這么寫占用的篇幅就未免太多了退唠。做舉例論證時(shí)最好可以用緊湊的語言，寫清楚例子荤胁，指出例子和觀點(diǎn)的相關(guān)性即可（注意原句中冒號(hào)的用法）瞧预。

三、句子學(xué)習(xí)

句子學(xué)習(xí) 我們主要通過“臨摹”和“背誦”的方式精學(xué)一段話仅政。 ?

臨摹句子1：A problem of modern societies is the declining level of health in the general population, with conflicting views on how to tackle this worrying trend. ??

提煉出句型：A problem of modern societies is X, with conflicting views on how to tackle this worrying trend.（這里的 conflicting 還可以用以下單詞替換：competing, opposing, contrasting, differing, divergent垢油。） ?

造句示范：?

a) A problem of modern societies is information overload, with conflicting views on how to tackle this worrying trend.（信息過載） ?

b) A problem of modern societies is long commute hours, with conflicting views on how to tackle this worrying trend.（通勤時(shí)間過長） ?

臨摹句子2：Advocates of this believe that today's sedentary lifestyle and stressful working conditions mean that physical activity is no longer part of either the work or our leisure time. ?

提煉出句型：Advocates of this believe that X.??

造句示范： ?

a) Advocates of this believe that individuals should become better educated about how to process and manage data. （信息過載） ?

b) Advocates of this believe that cities, especially those in developing countries, should make better informed decisions with regard to urban planning, so that long commute hours can be cut substantially. （通勤時(shí)間過長）

四、作業(yè)

1）參考第三部分的句型造句圆丹，造句時(shí)可以用中文寫出具體的語境滩愁。

2）用不同的句式和表達(dá) paraphrase 下面的句子（可以寫多個(gè)句子）： ?

Advocates of this believe that today's sedentary lifestyle and stressful working conditions mean that physical activity is no longer part of either the work or our leisure time. ??

3）【可選】閱讀《劍橋雅思官方真題集 6》中第二套題的雅思考官范文、《劍橋雅思官方真題集 8》中第一套題的雅思考官范文和《劍橋雅思官方真題集 7》中第一套題的雅思考官范文辫封，試著解讀開頭段和第二段硝枉。