Political Terms
The government of a country is its control system.
Governments make laws and provide services to their citizens.
譯文：一個(gè)國(guó)家的政府是它的控制系統(tǒng)。政府制定法律并為公民提供服務(wù)。
The land over which a government has control is its territory.
A country's territory has boundaries, or borders.
When you leave or enter a country's territory you usually need a passport.
譯文：政府控制的土地是它的領(lǐng)土。一個(gè)國(guó)家的領(lǐng)土是有邊界的可柿。當(dāng)你離開或進(jìn)入一個(gè)國(guó)家的領(lǐng)土?xí)r尽楔，通常需要護(hù)照员咽。
A country's military provides defense for its territory and its citizens.
The military includes an army, an air force, and a navy.
The main purpose of a military is to defend a country from attack.
譯文：一個(gè)國(guó)家的軍隊(duì)為其領(lǐng)土和公民提供防衛(wèi)丰介。軍隊(duì)包括陸軍呀打、空軍和海軍榜贴。軍隊(duì)的主要目的是保衛(wèi)國(guó)家不受攻擊豌研。
A country's criminal justice system includes the police, courts, and prisons.
Its purpose is to enforce the law and protect people from criminal activities.
譯文：一個(gè)國(guó)家的刑事司法系統(tǒng)包括警察妹田、法院和監(jiān)獄。它的目的是執(zhí)法和保護(hù)人們免受犯罪活動(dòng)鹃共。
A country's social services system provides support to people in need.
It provides basic health care services and helps poor people support their children.
譯文：國(guó)家的社會(huì)服務(wù)體系為有需要的人提供支持鬼佣。它提供基本的衛(wèi)生保健服務(wù)，幫助窮人撫養(yǎng)他們的孩子霜浴。
Exercise:
1. What rules a country?
The government.
2. Which part of a government help to support poor people?
A country's social services system.
3. What includes an army and an air force?
The military.
4. What branch of a government enforces the law?
The criminal justice system is responsible for enforcing the law.
5. What separates one country from another?
A country's borders mark its territory and separate it from its neighbors.
6. Governments make laws and provide services to their citizens.
7. A country's borders mark its territory and separate it from its neighbors.
8. The criminal justice system is responsible for enforcing the law.
Repeat & Read Sentences:
1. Governments make laws and provide services to their citizens.
2. When a country wants to change its boundaries, there may be a war.
3. The main purpose of a military is to defend a country from attack.
4. The land over which a government has control is its territory.
5. A country's criminal justice system includes the police, courts, and prisons.
6. Most of the citizens of a country live within its territory.
7. The territory of a country is defined by its boundaries.
Types of Government
A state of anarchy exists when a country has no effective government.
In an anarchy, there is nobody to make decisions or enforce the laws.
譯文：當(dāng)一個(gè)國(guó)家沒有有效的政府時(shí)晶衷，它就處于無(wú)政府狀態(tài)。在無(wú)政府狀態(tài)下阴孟，沒有人做決定或執(zhí)行法律晌纫。
An autocracy is the simplest form of government.
In an autocracy, the government is controlled by a single individual, known as the autocrat.
Whether or not an autocracy is successful depends on the character and ability of the leader.
譯文：專制政體是最簡(jiǎn)單的政府形式。在專制政體中永丝，政府由單個(gè)個(gè)體控制锹漱，稱為專制者。一個(gè)獨(dú)裁政權(quán)是否成功取決于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的性格和能力慕嚷。
In an oligarchy, a small group of people controls the government.
Membership in this group often depends on family connections, wealth, or military power.
譯文：在寡頭政治中哥牍，一小群人控制著政府。這個(gè)群體的成員身份通常取決于家庭關(guān)系喝检、財(cái)富或軍事實(shí)力嗅辣。
In a republic, individuals are elected to represent the citizens.
The power of the government in a republic is limited by a constitution.
A constitution is a written document that makes the rules for a government to follow.
This limits the power of the government.
A constitution defines the relationship between the government and its citizens.
譯文：在一個(gè)共和政體里，個(gè)人被選出來(lái)代表公民挠说。共和國(guó)政府的權(quán)力受憲法的限制澡谭。憲法是為政府制定規(guī)則的書面文件，這限制了政府的權(quán)力损俭，憲法規(guī)定了政府和公民之間的關(guān)系译暂。
Exercise:
1. What exists when a country has no effective government?
A state of anarchy.
2. What is the simplest form of government?
An autocracy.
3. Which type of government is run by a small group of individuals?
an oligarchy
4. Which type of government is run by elected representatives?
In a republic, individuals are elected to represent the citizens.
5. What limits the power of a government?
The power of the government in a republic is limited by a constitution.
6. In an anarchy, there is nobody to make decisions or enforce the laws.
7. Membership in this group often depends on family connections, wealth, or military power.
8. In a republic, individuals are elected to represent the citizens.
Repeat & Read Sentences:
1. In an anarchy, there is nobody to make decisions or enforce the laws.
2. Without a government there is nobody to make decisions or enforce the laws.
3. An autocracy is the simplest form of government.
4. In an autocracy, the government is controlled by a single individual, known as the autocrat.
5. The power of the government in a republic is limited by a constitution.
6. Without a good government, decisions that need to be made won't be made.
