1. 組件版本和配置策略
組件版本:
- Kubernetes 1.10.4
- Docker 18.03.1-ce
- Etcd 3.3.7
- Flanneld 0.10.0
插件:
- Coredns
- Dashboard
- Heapster (influxdb马绝、grafana)
- Metrics-Server
- EFK (elasticsearch博其、fluentd牌芋、kibana)
鏡像倉庫:
- docker registry
主要配置策略:
kube-apiserver:
- 使用 keepalived 和 haproxy 實(shí)現(xiàn) 3 節(jié)點(diǎn)高可用揉抵;
- 關(guān)閉非安全端口 8080 和匿名訪問;
- 在安全端口 6443 接收 https 請(qǐng)求品洛;
- 嚴(yán)格的認(rèn)證和授權(quán)策略 (x509树姨、token、RBAC)桥状;
- 開啟 bootstrap token 認(rèn)證帽揪,支持 kubelet TLS bootstrapping;
- 使用 https 訪問 kubelet岛宦、etcd台丛,加密通信;
kube-controller-manager:
- 3 節(jié)點(diǎn)高可用砾肺;
- 關(guān)閉非安全端口挽霉,在安全端口 10252 接收 https 請(qǐng)求;
- 使用 kubeconfig 訪問 apiserver 的安全端口变汪;
- 自動(dòng) approve kubelet 證書簽名請(qǐng)求 (CSR)侠坎,證書過期后自動(dòng)輪轉(zhuǎn);
- 各 controller 使用自己的 ServiceAccount 訪問 apiserver裙盾;
kube-scheduler:
- 3 節(jié)點(diǎn)高可用实胸;
- 使用 kubeconfig 訪問 apiserver 的安全端口;
kubelet:
- 使用 kubeadm 動(dòng)態(tài)創(chuàng)建 bootstrap token番官,而不是在 apiserver 中靜態(tài)配置庐完;
- 使用 TLS bootstrap 機(jī)制自動(dòng)生成 client 和 server 證書,過期后自動(dòng)輪轉(zhuǎn)徘熔;
- 在 KubeletConfiguration 類型的 JSON 文件配置主要參數(shù)门躯;
- 關(guān)閉只讀端口,在安全端口 10250 接收 https 請(qǐng)求酷师,對(duì)請(qǐng)求進(jìn)行認(rèn)證和授權(quán)讶凉,拒絕匿名訪非授權(quán)訪問染乌;
- 使用 kubeconfig 訪問 apiserver 的安全端口;
kube-proxy:
- 使用 kubeconfig 訪問 apiserver 的安全端口懂讯;
- 在 KubeProxyConfiguration 類型的 JSON 文件配置主要參數(shù)荷憋;
- 使用 ipvs 代理模式;
集群插件:
- DNS:使用功能褐望、性能更好的 coredns勒庄;
- Dashboard:支持登錄認(rèn)證;
- Metric:heapster譬挚、metrics-server锅铅,使用 https 訪問 kubelet 安全端口酪呻;
- Log:Elasticsearch减宣、Fluend、Kibana玩荠;
- Registry 鏡像庫:docker-registry漆腌、harbor;
2. 環(huán)境準(zhǔn)備
集群機(jī)器:
本文檔中的 etcd 集群阶冈、master 節(jié)點(diǎn)闷尿、worker 節(jié)點(diǎn)均使用這三臺(tái)機(jī)器。
- kube-node1:192.168.16.237
- kube-node2:192.168.16.238
- kube-node3:192.168.16.239
- uname -r: 4.17.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64
設(shè)置永久主機(jī)名稱女坑,然后重新登錄:
$ sudo hostnamectl set-hostname kube-node1 # 將 kube-node1 替換為當(dāng)前主機(jī)名
- 設(shè)置的主機(jī)名保存在
/etc/hostname
文件中填具;
修改每臺(tái)機(jī)器的 /etc/hosts
文件,添加主機(jī)名和 IP 的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系:
$ grep kube-node /etc/hosts
192.168.16.237 kube-node1 kube-node1
192.168.16.238 kube-node2 kube-node2
192.168.16.239 kube-node3 kube-node3
添加 k8s 和 docker 賬戶
在每臺(tái)機(jī)器上添加 k8s 賬戶匆骗,可以無密碼 sudo:
$ sudo useradd -m k8s
$ sudo sh -c 'echo 123456 | passwd k8s --stdin' # 為 k8s 賬戶設(shè)置密碼
$ sudo visudo
$ sudo grep '%wheel.*NOPASSWD: ALL' /etc/sudoers
%wheel ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL
$ sudo gpasswd -a k8s wheel
在每臺(tái)機(jī)器上添加 docker 賬戶劳景,將 k8s 賬戶添加到 docker 組中,同時(shí)配置 dockerd 參數(shù):
$ sudo useradd -m docker
$ sudo gpasswd -a k8s docker
$ sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker/
$ cat /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://hub-mirror.c.163.com", "https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn"],
"max-concurrent-downloads": 20
}
無密碼 ssh 登錄其它節(jié)點(diǎn)
如果沒有特殊指明碉就,本文檔的所有操作均在 kube-node1 節(jié)點(diǎn)上執(zhí)行盟广,然后遠(yuǎn)程分發(fā)文件和執(zhí)行命令。
設(shè)置 kube-node1 可以無密碼登錄所有節(jié)點(diǎn)的 k8s 和 root 賬戶:
[k8s@kube-node1 k8s]$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
[k8s@kube-node1 k8s]$ ssh-copy-id root@kube-node1
[k8s@kube-node1 k8s]$ ssh-copy-id root@kube-node2
[k8s@kube-node1 k8s]$ ssh-copy-id root@kube-node3
[k8s@kube-node1 k8s]$ ssh-copy-id k8s@kube-node1
[k8s@kube-node1 k8s]$ ssh-copy-id k8s@kube-node2
[k8s@kube-node1 k8s]$ ssh-copy-id k8s@kube-node3
將可執(zhí)行文件路徑 /opt/k8s/bin 添加到 PATH 變量中
在每臺(tái)機(jī)器上添加環(huán)境變量:
$ sudo sh -c "echo 'PATH=/opt/k8s/bin:$PATH:$HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME/bin' >>/root/.bashrc"
$ echo 'PATH=/opt/k8s/bin:$PATH:$HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME/bin' >>~/.bashrc
安裝依賴包
在每臺(tái)機(jī)器上安裝依賴包:
$ sudo yum install -y epel-release
$ sudo yum install -y conntrack ipvsadm ipset jq sysstat curl iptables libseccomp
- ipvs 依賴 ipset瓮钥;
關(guān)閉防火墻
在每臺(tái)機(jī)器上關(guān)閉防火墻:
$ sudo systemctl stop firewalld
$ sudo systemctl disable firewalld
$ sudo iptables -F && sudo iptables -X && sudo iptables -F -t nat && sudo iptables -X -t nat
$ sudo sudo iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT
關(guān)閉 swap 分區(qū)
如果開啟了 swap 分區(qū)筋量,kubelet 會(huì)啟動(dòng)失敗(可以通過將參數(shù) --fail-swap-on 設(shè)置為 false 來忽略 swap on),故需要在每臺(tái)機(jī)器上關(guān)閉 swap 分區(qū):
$ sudo swapoff -a
為了防止開機(jī)自動(dòng)掛載 swap 分區(qū)碉熄,可以注釋 /etc/fstab
中相應(yīng)的條目:
$ sudo sed -i '/ swap / s/^\(.*\)$/#\1/g' /etc/fstab
關(guān)閉 SELinux
關(guān)閉 SELinux桨武,否則后續(xù) K8S 掛載目錄時(shí)可能報(bào)錯(cuò) Permission denied
:
$ sudo setenforce 0
$ grep SELINUX /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled
- 修改配置文件,永久生效锈津;
關(guān)閉 dnsmasq
linux 系統(tǒng)開啟了 dnsmasq 后(如 GUI 環(huán)境)呀酸,將系統(tǒng) DNS Server 設(shè)置為 127.0.0.1,這會(huì)導(dǎo)致 docker 容器無法解析域名一姿,需要關(guān)閉它:
$ sudo service dnsmasq stop
$ sudo systemctl disable dnsmasq
設(shè)置系統(tǒng)參數(shù)
$ cat > kubernetes.conf <<EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables=1
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
vm.swappiness=0
vm.overcommit_memory=1
vm.panic_on_oom=0
fs.inotify.max_user_watches=89100
EOF
$ sudo cp kubernetes.conf /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf
$ sudo sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf
$ sudo mount -t cgroup -o cpu,cpuacct none /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu,cpuacct
加載內(nèi)核模塊
$ sudo modprobe br_netfilter
$ sudo modprobe ip_vs
設(shè)置系統(tǒng)時(shí)區(qū)
$ # 調(diào)整系統(tǒng) TimeZone
$ sudo timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai
$ # 將當(dāng)前的 UTC 時(shí)間寫入硬件時(shí)鐘
$ sudo timedatectl set-local-rtc 0
$ # 重啟依賴于系統(tǒng)時(shí)間的服務(wù)
$ sudo systemctl restart rsyslog
$ sudo systemctl restart crond
創(chuàng)建目錄
在每臺(tái)機(jī)器上創(chuàng)建目錄:
$ sudo mkdir -p /opt/k8s/bin
$ sudo chown -R k8s /opt/k8s
$ sudo sudo mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/cert
$ sudo chown -R k8s /etc/kubernetes
$ sudo mkdir -p /etc/etcd/cert
$ sudo chown -R k8s /etc/etcd/cert
$ sudo mkdir -p /var/lib/etcd && chown -R k8s /etc/etcd/cert
檢查系統(tǒng)內(nèi)核和模塊是否適合運(yùn)行 docker (僅適用于 linux 系統(tǒng))
$ curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/docker/docker/master/contrib/check-config.sh > check-config.sh
$ bash ./check-config.sh
集群環(huán)境變量
后續(xù)的部署步驟將使用下面定義的全局環(huán)境變量七咧,請(qǐng)根據(jù)自己的機(jī)器跃惫、網(wǎng)絡(luò)情況修改:
#!/usr/bin/bash
# 生成 EncryptionConfig 所需的加密 key
ENCRYPTION_KEY=$(head -c 32 /dev/urandom | base64)
# 最好使用 當(dāng)前未用的網(wǎng)段 來定義服務(wù)網(wǎng)段和 Pod 網(wǎng)段
# 服務(wù)網(wǎng)段,部署前路由不可達(dá)艾栋,部署后集群內(nèi)路由可達(dá)(kube-proxy 和 ipvs 保證)
SERVICE_CIDR="10.254.0.0/16"
# Pod 網(wǎng)段爆存,建議 /16 段地址,部署前路由不可達(dá)蝗砾,部署后集群內(nèi)路由可達(dá)(flanneld 保證)
CLUSTER_CIDR="172.30.0.0/16"
# 服務(wù)端口范圍 (NodePort Range)
export NODE_PORT_RANGE="8400-9000"
# 集群各機(jī)器 IP 數(shù)組
export NODE_IPS=(192.168.16.237 192.168.16.238 192.168.16.239)
# 集群各 IP 對(duì)應(yīng)的 主機(jī)名數(shù)組
export NODE_NAMES=(kube-node1 kube-node2 kube-node3)
# kube-apiserver 的 VIP(HA 組件 keepalived 發(fā)布的 IP)
export MASTER_VIP=192.168.16.240
# kube-apiserver VIP 地址(HA 組件 haproxy 監(jiān)聽 8443 端口)
export KUBE_APISERVER="https://${MASTER_VIP}:8443"
# HA 節(jié)點(diǎn)先较,VIP 所在的網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口名稱
export VIP_IF="eth0"
# etcd 集群服務(wù)地址列表
export ETCD_ENDPOINTS="https://192.168.16.267:2379,https://192.168.16.238:2379,https://192.168.16.239:2379"
# etcd 集群間通信的 IP 和端口
export ETCD_NODES="kube-node1=https://192.168.16.237:2380,kube-node2=https://192.168.16.238:2380,kube-node3=https://192.168.16.239:2380"
# flanneld 網(wǎng)絡(luò)配置前綴
export FLANNEL_ETCD_PREFIX="/kubernetes/network"
# kubernetes 服務(wù) IP (一般是 SERVICE_CIDR 中第一個(gè)IP)
export CLUSTER_KUBERNETES_SVC_IP="10.254.0.1"
# 集群 DNS 服務(wù) IP (從 SERVICE_CIDR 中預(yù)分配)
export CLUSTER_DNS_SVC_IP="10.254.0.2"
# 集群 DNS 域名
export CLUSTER_DNS_DOMAIN="cluster.local."
# 將二進(jìn)制目錄 /opt/k8s/bin 加到 PATH 中
export PATH=/opt/k8s/bin:$PATH
- 打包后的變量定義見 environment.sh,后續(xù)部署時(shí)會(huì)提示導(dǎo)入該腳本悼粮;
分發(fā)集群環(huán)境變量定義腳本
把全局變量定義腳本拷貝到所有節(jié)點(diǎn)的 /opt/k8s/bin
目錄:
source environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
scp environment.sh k8s@${node_ip}:/opt/k8s/bin/
ssh k8s@${node_ip} "chmod +x /opt/k8s/bin/*"
done
3. 創(chuàng)建 CA 證書和秘鑰
為確保安全闲勺,kubernetes
系統(tǒng)各組件需要使用 x509
證書對(duì)通信進(jìn)行加密和認(rèn)證。
CA (Certificate Authority) 是自簽名的根證書扣猫,用來簽名后續(xù)創(chuàng)建的其它證書菜循。
本文檔使用 CloudFlare
的 PKI 工具集 cfssl 創(chuàng)建所有證書缩功。
安裝 cfssl 工具集
sudo mkdir -p /opt/k8s/cert && sudo chown -R k8s /opt/k8s && cd /opt/k8s
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64
mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /opt/k8s/bin/cfssl
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64
mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /opt/k8s/bin/cfssljson
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
mv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /opt/k8s/bin/cfssl-certinfo
chmod +x /opt/k8s/bin/*
export PATH=/opt/k8s/bin:$PATH
創(chuàng)建根證書 (CA)
CA 證書是集群所有節(jié)點(diǎn)共享的杯聚,只需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建一個(gè) CA 證書负间,后續(xù)創(chuàng)建的所有證書都由它簽名匈睁。
創(chuàng)建配置文件
CA 配置文件用于配置根證書的使用場景 (profile) 和具體參數(shù) (usage溯壶,過期時(shí)間芋酌、服務(wù)端認(rèn)證首尼、客戶端認(rèn)證耙替、加密等)时鸵,后續(xù)在簽名其它證書時(shí)需要指定特定場景胶逢。
cat > ca-config.json <<EOF
{
"signing": {
"default": {
"expiry": "87600h"
},
"profiles": {
"kubernetes": {
"usages": [
"signing",
"key encipherment",
"server auth",
"client auth"
],
"expiry": "87600h"
}
}
}
}
EOF
-
signing
:表示該證書可用于簽名其它證書,生成的ca.pem
證書中CA=TRUE
饰潜; -
server auth
:表示 client 可以用該該證書對(duì) server 提供的證書進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證初坠; -
client auth
:表示 server 可以用該該證書對(duì) client 提供的證書進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證;
創(chuàng)建證書簽名請(qǐng)求文件
cat > ca-csr.json <<EOF
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"L": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "4Paradigm"
}
]
}
EOF
- CN:
Common Name
囊拜,kube-apiserver 從證書中提取該字段作為請(qǐng)求的用戶名 (User Name)某筐,瀏覽器使用該字段驗(yàn)證網(wǎng)站是否合法; - O:
Organization
冠跷,kube-apiserver 從證書中提取該字段作為請(qǐng)求用戶所屬的組 (Group)南誊; - kube-apiserver 將提取的 User、Group 作為
RBAC
授權(quán)的用戶標(biāo)識(shí)蜜托;
生成 CA 證書和私鑰
cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca
ls ca*
分發(fā)證書文件
將生成的 CA 證書抄囚、秘鑰文件、配置文件拷貝到所有節(jié)點(diǎn)的 /etc/kubernetes/cert
目錄下:
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh # 導(dǎo)入 NODE_IPS 環(huán)境變量
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_ip} "mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/cert && chown -R k8s /etc/kubernetes"
scp ca*.pem ca-config.json k8s@${node_ip}:/etc/kubernetes/cert
done
- k8s 賬戶需要有讀寫 /etc/kubernetes 目錄及其子目錄文件的權(quán)限橄务;
4.部署 kubectl 命令行工具
kubectl 是 kubernetes 集群的命令行管理工具幔托,本文檔介紹安裝和配置它的步驟。
kubectl 默認(rèn)從 ~/.kube/config
文件讀取 kube-apiserver 地址、證書重挑、用戶名等信息嗓化,如果沒有配置,執(zhí)行 kubectl 命令時(shí)可能會(huì)出錯(cuò):
$ kubectl get pods
The connection to the server localhost:8080 was refused - did you specify the right host or port?
本文檔只需要部署一次谬哀,生成的 kubeconfig 文件與機(jī)器無關(guān)刺覆。
下載和分發(fā) kubectl 二進(jìn)制文件
下載和解壓:
wget https://dl.k8s.io/v1.10.4/kubernetes-client-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -xzvf kubernetes-client-linux-amd64.tar.gz
分發(fā)到所有使用 kubectl 的節(jié)點(diǎn):
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
scp kubernetes/client/bin/kubectl k8s@${node_ip}:/opt/k8s/bin/
ssh k8s@${node_ip} "chmod +x /opt/k8s/bin/*"
done
創(chuàng)建 admin 證書和私鑰
kubectl 與 apiserver https 安全端口通信,apiserver 對(duì)提供的證書進(jìn)行認(rèn)證和授權(quán)史煎。
kubectl 作為集群的管理工具谦屑,需要被授予最高權(quán)限。這里創(chuàng)建具有最高權(quán)限的 admin 證書篇梭。
創(chuàng)建證書簽名請(qǐng)求:
cat > admin-csr.json <<EOF
{
"CN": "admin",
"hosts": [],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"L": "BeiJing",
"O": "system:masters",
"OU": "4Paradigm"
}
]
}
EOF
- O 為
system:masters
氢橙,kube-apiserver 收到該證書后將請(qǐng)求的 Group 設(shè)置為 system:masters; - 預(yù)定義的 ClusterRoleBinding
cluster-admin
將 Groupsystem:masters
與 Rolecluster-admin
綁定恬偷,該 Role 授予所有 API的權(quán)限悍手; - 該證書只會(huì)被 kubectl 當(dāng)做 client 證書使用,所以 hosts 字段為空喉磁;
生成證書和私鑰:
cfssl gencert -ca=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \
-ca-key=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca-key.pem \
-config=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca-config.json \
-profile=kubernetes admin-csr.json | cfssljson -bare admin
ls admin*
創(chuàng)建 kubeconfig 文件
kubeconfig 為 kubectl 的配置文件谓苟,包含訪問 apiserver 的所有信息官脓,如 apiserver 地址协怒、CA 證書和自身使用的證書;
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
# 設(shè)置集群參數(shù)
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=kubectl.kubeconfig
# 設(shè)置客戶端認(rèn)證參數(shù)
kubectl config set-credentials admin \
--client-certificate=admin.pem \
--client-key=admin-key.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=kubectl.kubeconfig
# 設(shè)置上下文參數(shù)
kubectl config set-context kubernetes \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=admin \
--kubeconfig=kubectl.kubeconfig
# 設(shè)置默認(rèn)上下文
kubectl config use-context kubernetes --kubeconfig=kubectl.kubeconfig
-
--certificate-authority
:驗(yàn)證 kube-apiserver 證書的根證書卑笨; -
--client-certificate
孕暇、--client-key
:剛生成的admin
證書和私鑰,連接 kube-apiserver 時(shí)使用赤兴; -
--embed-certs=true
:將 ca.pem 和 admin.pem 證書內(nèi)容嵌入到生成的 kubectl.kubeconfig 文件中(不加時(shí)妖滔,寫入的是證書文件路徑);
分發(fā) kubeconfig 文件
分發(fā)到所有使用 kubectl
命令的節(jié)點(diǎn):
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh k8s@${node_ip} "mkdir -p ~/.kube"
scp kubectl.kubeconfig k8s@${node_ip}:~/.kube/config
ssh root@${node_ip} "mkdir -p ~/.kube"
scp kubectl.kubeconfig root@${node_ip}:~/.kube/config
done
- 保存到用戶的
~/.kube/config
文件桶良;
5.部署 etcd 集群
etcd 是基于 Raft 的分布式 key-value 存儲(chǔ)系統(tǒng)座舍,由 CoreOS 開發(fā),常用于服務(wù)發(fā)現(xiàn)陨帆、共享配置以及并發(fā)控制(如 leader 選舉曲秉、分布式鎖等)。kubernetes 使用 etcd 存儲(chǔ)所有運(yùn)行數(shù)據(jù)疲牵。
本文檔介紹部署一個(gè)三節(jié)點(diǎn)高可用 etcd 集群的步驟:
- 下載和分發(fā) etcd 二進(jìn)制文件承二;
- 創(chuàng)建 etcd 集群各節(jié)點(diǎn)的 x509 證書,用于加密客戶端(如 etcdctl) 與 etcd 集群纲爸、etcd 集群之間的數(shù)據(jù)流亥鸠;
- 創(chuàng)建 etcd 的 systemd unit 文件,配置服務(wù)參數(shù);
- 檢查集群工作狀態(tài)负蚊;
etcd 集群各節(jié)點(diǎn)的名稱和 IP 如下:
- kube-node1:192.168.16.237
- kube-node2:192.168.16.238
- kube-node3:192.168.16.239
下載和分發(fā) etcd 二進(jìn)制文件
到 https://github.com/coreos/etcd/releases 頁面下載最新版本的發(fā)布包:
wget https://github.com/coreos/etcd/releases/download/v3.3.7/etcd-v3.3.7-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -xvf etcd-v3.3.7-linux-amd64.tar.gz
分發(fā)二進(jìn)制文件到集群所有節(jié)點(diǎn):
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
scp etcd-v3.3.7-linux-amd64/etcd* k8s@${node_ip}:/opt/k8s/bin
ssh k8s@${node_ip} "chmod +x /opt/k8s/bin/*"
done
創(chuàng)建 etcd 證書和私鑰
創(chuàng)建證書簽名請(qǐng)求:
cat > etcd-csr.json <<EOF
{
"CN": "etcd",
"hosts": [
"127.0.0.1",
"192.168.16.237",
"192.168.16.238",
"192.168.16.239"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"L": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "4Paradigm"
}
]
}
EOF
- hosts 字段指定授權(quán)使用該證書的 etcd 節(jié)點(diǎn) IP 或域名列表神妹,這里將 etcd 集群的三個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn) IP 都列在其中;
生成證書和私鑰:
cfssl gencert -ca=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \
-ca-key=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca-key.pem \
-config=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca-config.json \
-profile=kubernetes etcd-csr.json | cfssljson -bare etcd
ls etcd*
分發(fā)生成的證書和私鑰到各 etcd 節(jié)點(diǎn):
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_ip} "mkdir -p /etc/etcd/cert && chown -R k8s /etc/etcd/cert"
scp etcd*.pem k8s@${node_ip}:/etc/etcd/cert/
done
創(chuàng)建 etcd 的 systemd unit 模板文件
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
cat > etcd.service.template <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
Documentation=https://github.com/coreos
[Service]
User=k8s
Type=notify
WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/etcd/
ExecStart=/opt/k8s/bin/etcd \\
--data-dir=/var/lib/etcd \\
--name=##NODE_NAME## \\
--cert-file=/etc/etcd/cert/etcd.pem \\
--key-file=/etc/etcd/cert/etcd-key.pem \\
--trusted-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \\
--peer-cert-file=/etc/etcd/cert/etcd.pem \\
--peer-key-file=/etc/etcd/cert/etcd-key.pem \\
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \\
--peer-client-cert-auth \\
--client-cert-auth \\
--listen-peer-urls=https://##NODE_IP##:2380 \\
--initial-advertise-peer-urls=https://##NODE_IP##:2380 \\
--listen-client-urls=https://##NODE_IP##:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379 \\
--advertise-client-urls=https://##NODE_IP##:2379 \\
--initial-cluster-token=etcd-cluster-0 \\
--initial-cluster=${ETCD_NODES} \\
--initial-cluster-state=new
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
-
User
:指定以 k8s 賬戶運(yùn)行家妆; -
WorkingDirectory
灾螃、--data-dir
:指定工作目錄和數(shù)據(jù)目錄為/var/lib/etcd
,需在啟動(dòng)服務(wù)前創(chuàng)建這個(gè)目錄揩徊; -
--name
:指定節(jié)點(diǎn)名稱腰鬼,當(dāng)--initial-cluster-state
值為new
時(shí),--name
的參數(shù)值必須位于--initial-cluster
列表中塑荒; -
--cert-file
熄赡、--key-file
:etcd server 與 client 通信時(shí)使用的證書和私鑰; -
--trusted-ca-file
:簽名 client 證書的 CA 證書齿税,用于驗(yàn)證 client 證書彼硫; -
--peer-cert-file
、--peer-key-file
:etcd 與 peer 通信使用的證書和私鑰凌箕; -
--peer-trusted-ca-file
:簽名 peer 證書的 CA 證書拧篮,用于驗(yàn)證 peer 證書;
為各節(jié)點(diǎn)創(chuàng)建和分發(fā) etcd systemd unit 文件
替換模板文件中的變量牵舱,為各節(jié)點(diǎn)創(chuàng)建 systemd unit 文件:
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for (( i=0; i < 3; i++ ))
do
sed -e "s/##NODE_NAME##/${NODE_NAMES[i]}/" -e "s/##NODE_IP##/${NODE_IPS[i]}/" etcd.service.template > etcd-${NODE_IPS[i]}.service
done
ls *.service
- NODE_NAMES 和 NODE_IPS 為相同長度的 bash 數(shù)組串绩,分別為節(jié)點(diǎn)名稱和對(duì)應(yīng)的 IP;
分發(fā)生成的 systemd unit 文件:
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_ip} "mkdir -p /var/lib/etcd && chown -R k8s /var/lib/etcd"
scp etcd-${node_ip}.service root@${node_ip}:/etc/systemd/system/etcd.service
done
- 必須先創(chuàng)建 etcd 數(shù)據(jù)目錄和工作目錄;
- 文件重命名為 etcd.service;
完整 unit 文件見:etcd.service
啟動(dòng) etcd 服務(wù)
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_ip} "systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable etcd && systemctl restart etcd &"
done
- etcd 進(jìn)程首次啟動(dòng)時(shí)會(huì)等待其它節(jié)點(diǎn)的 etcd 加入集群芜壁,命令
systemctl start etcd
會(huì)卡住一段時(shí)間礁凡,為正常現(xiàn)象慧妄。
檢查啟動(dòng)結(jié)果
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh k8s@${node_ip} "systemctl status etcd|grep Active"
done
確保狀態(tài)為 active (running)
顷牌,否則查看日志,確認(rèn)原因:
$ journalctl -u etcd
驗(yàn)證服務(wù)狀態(tài)
部署完 etcd 集群后塞淹,在任一 etc 節(jié)點(diǎn)上執(zhí)行如下命令:
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ETCDCTL_API=3 /opt/k8s/bin/etcdctl \
--endpoints=https://${node_ip}:2379 \
--cacert=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \
--cert=/etc/etcd/cert/etcd.pem \
--key=/etc/etcd/cert/etcd-key.pem endpoint health
done
預(yù)期輸出:
https://192.168.16.237:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 2.192932ms
https://192.168.16.238:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 3.546896ms
https://192.168.16.239:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 3.013667ms
輸出均為 healthy
時(shí)表示集群服務(wù)正常窟蓝。
6.# 部署 flannel 網(wǎng)絡(luò)
kubernetes 要求集群內(nèi)各節(jié)點(diǎn)(包括 master 節(jié)點(diǎn))能通過 Pod 網(wǎng)段互聯(lián)互通。flannel 使用 vxlan 技術(shù)為各節(jié)點(diǎn)創(chuàng)建一個(gè)可以互通的 Pod 網(wǎng)絡(luò)饱普。
flaneel 第一次啟動(dòng)時(shí)运挫,從 etcd 獲取 Pod 網(wǎng)段信息,為本節(jié)點(diǎn)分配一個(gè)未使用的 /24
段地址费彼,然后創(chuàng)建 flannedl.1
(也可能是其它名稱滑臊,如 flannel1 等) 接口。
flannel 將分配的 Pod 網(wǎng)段信息寫入 /run/flannel/docker
文件箍铲,docker 后續(xù)使用這個(gè)文件中的環(huán)境變量設(shè)置 docker0
網(wǎng)橋雇卷。
下載和分發(fā) flanneld 二進(jìn)制文件
到 https://github.com/coreos/flannel/releases 頁面下載最新版本的發(fā)布包:
mkdir flannel
wget https://github.com/coreos/flannel/releases/download/v0.10.0/flannel-v0.10.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -xzvf flannel-v0.10.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz -C flannel
分發(fā) flanneld 二進(jìn)制文件到集群所有節(jié)點(diǎn):
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
scp flannel/{flanneld,mk-docker-opts.sh} k8s@${node_ip}:/opt/k8s/bin/
ssh k8s@${node_ip} "chmod +x /opt/k8s/bin/*"
done
創(chuàng)建 flannel 證書和私鑰
flannel 從 etcd 集群存取網(wǎng)段分配信息,而 etcd 集群啟用了雙向 x509 證書認(rèn)證,所以需要為 flanneld 生成證書和私鑰关划。
創(chuàng)建證書簽名請(qǐng)求:
cat > flanneld-csr.json <<EOF
{
"CN": "flanneld",
"hosts": [],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"L": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "4Paradigm"
}
]
}
EOF
- 該證書只會(huì)被 kubectl 當(dāng)做 client 證書使用小染,所以 hosts 字段為空;
生成證書和私鑰:
cfssl gencert -ca=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \
-ca-key=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca-key.pem \
-config=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca-config.json \
-profile=kubernetes flanneld-csr.json | cfssljson -bare flanneld
ls flanneld*pem
將生成的證書和私鑰分發(fā)到所有節(jié)點(diǎn)(master 和 worker):
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_ip} "mkdir -p /etc/flanneld/cert && chown -R k8s /etc/flanneld"
scp flanneld*.pem k8s@${node_ip}:/etc/flanneld/cert
done
向 etcd 寫入集群 Pod 網(wǎng)段信息
注意:本步驟只需執(zhí)行一次贮折。
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
etcdctl \
--endpoints=${ETCD_ENDPOINTS} \
--ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \
--cert-file=/etc/flanneld/cert/flanneld.pem \
--key-file=/etc/flanneld/cert/flanneld-key.pem \
set ${FLANNEL_ETCD_PREFIX}/config '{"Network":"'${CLUSTER_CIDR}'", "SubnetLen": 24, "Backend": {"Type": "vxlan"}}'
- flanneld 當(dāng)前版本 (v0.10.0) 不支持 etcd v3裤翩,故使用 etcd v2 API 寫入配置 key 和網(wǎng)段數(shù)據(jù);
- 寫入的 Pod 網(wǎng)段 ${CLUSTER_CIDR} 必須是 /16 段地址调榄,必須與 kube-controller-manager 的
--cluster-cidr
參數(shù)值一致踊赠;
創(chuàng)建 flanneld 的 systemd unit 文件
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
export IFACE=eth0
cat > flanneld.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Flanneld overlay address etcd agent
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
After=etcd.service
Before=docker.service
[Service]
Type=notify
ExecStart=/opt/k8s/bin/flanneld \\
-etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \\
-etcd-certfile=/etc/flanneld/cert/flanneld.pem \\
-etcd-keyfile=/etc/flanneld/cert/flanneld-key.pem \\
-etcd-endpoints=${ETCD_ENDPOINTS} \\
-etcd-prefix=${FLANNEL_ETCD_PREFIX} \\
-iface=${IFACE}
ExecStartPost=/opt/k8s/bin/mk-docker-opts.sh -k DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS -d /run/flannel/docker
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
RequiredBy=docker.service
EOF
-
mk-docker-opts.sh
腳本將分配給 flanneld 的 Pod 子網(wǎng)網(wǎng)段信息寫入/run/flannel/docker
文件,后續(xù) docker 啟動(dòng)時(shí)使用這個(gè)文件中的環(huán)境變量配置 docker0 網(wǎng)橋每庆; - flanneld 使用系統(tǒng)缺省路由所在的接口與其它節(jié)點(diǎn)通信筐带,對(duì)于有多個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口(如內(nèi)網(wǎng)和公網(wǎng))的節(jié)點(diǎn),可以用
-iface
參數(shù)指定通信接口缤灵,如上面的 eth0 接口; - flanneld 運(yùn)行時(shí)需要 root 權(quán)限伦籍;
完整 unit 見 flanneld.service
分發(fā) flanneld systemd unit 文件到所有節(jié)點(diǎn)
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
scp flanneld.service root@${node_ip}:/etc/systemd/system/
done
啟動(dòng) flanneld 服務(wù)
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_ip} "systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable flanneld && systemctl restart flanneld"
done
檢查啟動(dòng)結(jié)果
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh k8s@${node_ip} "systemctl status flanneld|grep Active"
done
確保狀態(tài)為 active (running)
,否則查看日志腮出,確認(rèn)原因:
$ journalctl -u flanneld
檢查分配給各 flanneld 的 Pod 網(wǎng)段信息
查看集群 Pod 網(wǎng)段(/16):
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
etcdctl \
--endpoints=${ETCD_ENDPOINTS} \
--ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \
--cert-file=/etc/flanneld/cert/flanneld.pem \
--key-file=/etc/flanneld/cert/flanneld-key.pem \
get ${FLANNEL_ETCD_PREFIX}/config
輸出:
{"Network":"172.30.0.0/16", "SubnetLen": 24, "Backend": {"Type": "vxlan"}}
查看已分配的 Pod 子網(wǎng)段列表(/24):
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
etcdctl \
--endpoints=${ETCD_ENDPOINTS} \
--ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \
--cert-file=/etc/flanneld/cert/flanneld.pem \
--key-file=/etc/flanneld/cert/flanneld-key.pem \
ls ${FLANNEL_ETCD_PREFIX}/subnets
輸出:
/kubernetes/network/subnets/172.30.81.0-24
/kubernetes/network/subnets/172.30.29.0-24
/kubernetes/network/subnets/172.30.39.0-24
查看某一 Pod 網(wǎng)段對(duì)應(yīng)的節(jié)點(diǎn) IP 和 flannel 接口地址:
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
etcdctl \
--endpoints=${ETCD_ENDPOINTS} \
--ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \
--cert-file=/etc/flanneld/cert/flanneld.pem \
--key-file=/etc/flanneld/cert/flanneld-key.pem \
get ${FLANNEL_ETCD_PREFIX}/subnets/172.30.81.0-24
輸出:
{"PublicIP":"192.168.16.237","BackendType":"vxlan","BackendData":{"VtepMAC":"12:21:93:9e:b1:eb"}}
驗(yàn)證各節(jié)點(diǎn)能通過 Pod 網(wǎng)段互通
在各節(jié)點(diǎn)上部署 flannel 后帖鸦,檢查是否創(chuàng)建了 flannel 接口(名稱可能為 flannel0、flannel.0胚嘲、flannel.1 等):
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh ${node_ip} "/usr/sbin/ip addr show flannel.1|grep -w inet"
done
輸出:
inet 172.30.81.0/32 scope global flannel.1
inet 172.30.29.0/32 scope global flannel.1
inet 172.30.39.0/32 scope global flannel.1
在各節(jié)點(diǎn)上 ping 所有 flannel 接口 IP作儿,確保能通:
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh ${node_ip} "ping -c 1 172.30.81.0"
ssh ${node_ip} "ping -c 1 172.30.29.0"
ssh ${node_ip} "ping -c 1 172.30.39.0"
done
7.部署 master 節(jié)點(diǎn)
kubernetes master 節(jié)點(diǎn)運(yùn)行如下組件:
- kube-apiserver
- kube-scheduler
- kube-controller-manager
kube-scheduler 和 kube-controller-manager 可以以集群模式運(yùn)行,通過 leader 選舉產(chǎn)生一個(gè)工作進(jìn)程慢逾,其它進(jìn)程處于阻塞模式立倍。
對(duì)于 kube-apiserver,可以運(yùn)行多個(gè)實(shí)例(本文檔是 3 實(shí)例)侣滩,但對(duì)其它組件需要提供統(tǒng)一的訪問地址,該地址需要高可用变擒。本文檔使用 keepalived 和 haproxy 實(shí)現(xiàn) kube-apiserver VIP 高可用和負(fù)載均衡君珠。
下載最新版本的二進(jìn)制文件
從 CHANGELOG
頁面 下載 server tarball 文件。
wget https://dl.k8s.io/v1.10.4/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -xzvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cd kubernetes
tar -xzvf kubernetes-src.tar.gz
將二進(jìn)制文件拷貝到所有 master 節(jié)點(diǎn):
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
scp server/bin/* k8s@${node_ip}:/opt/k8s/bin/
ssh k8s@${node_ip} "chmod +x /opt/k8s/bin/*"
done
8. 部署高可用組件
本文檔講解使用 keepalived 和 haproxy 實(shí)現(xiàn) kube-apiserver 高可用的步驟:
- keepalived 提供 kube-apiserver 對(duì)外服務(wù)的 VIP娇斑;
- haproxy 監(jiān)聽 VIP策添,后端連接所有 kube-apiserver 實(shí)例,提供健康檢查和負(fù)載均衡功能毫缆;
運(yùn)行 keepalived 和 haproxy 的節(jié)點(diǎn)稱為 LB 節(jié)點(diǎn)唯竹。由于 keepalived 是一主多備運(yùn)行模式,故至少兩個(gè) LB 節(jié)點(diǎn)苦丁。
本文檔復(fù)用 master 節(jié)點(diǎn)的三臺(tái)機(jī)器浸颓,haproxy 監(jiān)聽的端口(8443) 需要與 kube-apiserver 的端口 6443 不同,避免沖突。
keepalived 在運(yùn)行過程中周期檢查本機(jī)的 haproxy 進(jìn)程狀態(tài)产上,如果檢測(cè)到 haproxy 進(jìn)程異常棵磷,則觸發(fā)重新選主的過程,VIP 將飄移到新選出來的主節(jié)點(diǎn)晋涣,從而實(shí)現(xiàn) VIP 的高可用仪媒。
所有組件(如 kubeclt、apiserver谢鹊、controller-manager算吩、scheduler 等)都通過 VIP 和 haproxy 監(jiān)聽的 8443 端口訪問 kube-apiserver 服務(wù)。
安裝軟件包
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_ip} "yum install -y keepalived haproxy"
done
配置和下發(fā) haproxy 配置文件
haproxy 配置文件:
cat > haproxy.cfg <<EOF
global
log /dev/log local0
log /dev/log local1 notice
chroot /var/lib/haproxy
stats socket /var/run/haproxy-admin.sock mode 660 level admin
stats timeout 30s
user haproxy
group haproxy
daemon
nbproc 1
defaults
log global
timeout connect 5000
timeout client 10m
timeout server 10m
listen admin_stats
bind 0.0.0.0:10080
mode http
log 127.0.0.1 local0 err
stats refresh 30s
stats uri /status
stats realm welcome login\ Haproxy
stats auth admin:123456
stats hide-version
stats admin if TRUE
listen kube-master
bind 0.0.0.0:8443
mode tcp
option tcplog
balance source
server 192.168.16.237 192.1686.16.237:6443 check inter 2000 fall 2 rise 2 weight 1
server 192.168.16.238 192.168.16.238:6443 check inter 2000 fall 2 rise 2 weight 1
server 192.168.16.239 192.168.16.239:6443 check inter 2000 fall 2 rise 2 weight 1
EOF
- haproxy 在 10080 端口輸出 status 信息佃扼;
- haproxy 監(jiān)聽所有接口的 8443 端口赌莺,該端口與環(huán)境變量 ${KUBE_APISERVER} 指定的端口必須一致;
- server 字段列出所有 kube-apiserver 監(jiān)聽的 IP 和端口松嘶;
下發(fā) haproxy.cfg 到所有 master 節(jié)點(diǎn):
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
scp haproxy.cfg root@${node_ip}:/etc/haproxy
done
起 haproxy 服務(wù)
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_ip} "systemctl restart haproxy"
done
檢查 haproxy 服務(wù)狀態(tài)
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_ip} "systemctl status haproxy|grep Active"
done
確保狀態(tài)為 active (running)
艘狭,否則查看日志,確認(rèn)原因:
journalctl -u haproxy
檢查 haproxy 是否監(jiān)聽 8443 端口:
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_ip} "netstat -lnpt|grep haproxy"
done
確保輸出類似于:
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:8443 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 120583/haproxy
配置和下發(fā) keepalived 配置文件
keepalived 是一主(master)多備(backup)運(yùn)行模式翠订,故有兩種類型的配置文件巢音。master 配置文件只有一份幌绍,backup 配置文件視節(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)目而定如失,對(duì)于本文檔而言,規(guī)劃如下:
- master: 192.168.16.237
- backup:192.168.16.238 192.168.16.239
master 配置文件:
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
cat > keepalived-master.conf <<EOF
global_defs {
router_id lb-master-105
}
vrrp_script check-haproxy {
script "killall -0 haproxy"
interval 5
weight -30
}
vrrp_instance VI-kube-master {
state MASTER
priority 120
dont_track_primary
interface ${VIP_IF}
virtual_router_id 68
advert_int 3
track_script {
check-haproxy
}
virtual_ipaddress {
${MASTER_VIP}
}
}
EOF
- VIP 所在的接口(interface ${VIP_IF})為
eth0
劣挫; - 使用
killall -0 haproxy
命令檢查所在節(jié)點(diǎn)的 haproxy 進(jìn)程是否正常似谁。如果異常則將權(quán)重減少(-30),從而觸發(fā)重新選主過程傲绣; - router_id、virtual_router_id 用于標(biāo)識(shí)屬于該 HA 的 keepalived 實(shí)例巩踏,如果有多套 keepalived HA秃诵,則必須各不相同;
backup 配置文件:
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
cat > keepalived-backup.conf <<EOF
global_defs {
router_id lb-backup-105
}
vrrp_script check-haproxy {
script "killall -0 haproxy"
interval 5
weight -30
}
vrrp_instance VI-kube-master {
state BACKUP
priority 110
dont_track_primary
interface ${VIP_IF}
virtual_router_id 68
advert_int 3
track_script {
check-haproxy
}
virtual_ipaddress {
${MASTER_VIP}
}
}
EOF
- VIP 所在的接口(interface ${VIP_IF})為
eth0
塞琼; - 使用
killall -0 haproxy
命令檢查所在節(jié)點(diǎn)的 haproxy 進(jìn)程是否正常菠净。如果異常則將權(quán)重減少(-30),從而觸發(fā)重新選主過程; - router_id彪杉、virtual_router_id 用于標(biāo)識(shí)屬于該 HA 的 keepalived 實(shí)例毅往,如果有多套 keepalived HA,則必須各不相同派近;
- priority 的值必須小于 master 的值攀唯;
下發(fā) keepalived 配置文件
下發(fā) master 配置文件:
scp keepalived-master.conf root@192.168.16.237:/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
下發(fā) backup 配置文件:
scp keepalived-backup.conf root@192.168.16.238:/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
scp keepalived-backup.conf root@192.168.16.239:/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
起 keepalived 服務(wù)
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_ip} "systemctl restart keepalived"
done
檢查 keepalived 服務(wù)
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_ip} "systemctl status keepalived|grep Active"
done
確保狀態(tài)為 active (running)
,否則查看日志渴丸,確認(rèn)原因:
journalctl -u keepalived
查看 VIP 所在的節(jié)點(diǎn)侯嘀,確绷砹瑁可以 ping 通 VIP:
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh ${node_ip} "/usr/sbin/ip addr show ${VIP_IF}"
ssh ${node_ip} "ping -c 1 ${MASTER_VIP}"
done
查看 haproxy 狀態(tài)頁面
瀏覽器訪問 ${MASTER_VIP}:10080/status 地址,查看 haproxy 狀態(tài)頁面:
9.部署 kube-apiserver 組件
本文檔講解使用 keepalived 和 haproxy 部署一個(gè) 3 節(jié)點(diǎn)高可用 master 集群的步驟残拐,對(duì)應(yīng)的 LB VIP 為環(huán)境變量 ${MASTER_VIP}途茫。
準(zhǔn)備工作
下載最新版本的二進(jìn)制文件、安裝和配置 flanneld 參考:06-0.部署master節(jié)點(diǎn).md
創(chuàng)建 kubernetes 證書和私鑰
創(chuàng)建證書簽名請(qǐng)求:
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
cat > kubernetes-csr.json <<EOF
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
"hosts": [
"127.0.0.1",
"192.168.16.237",
"192.168.16.238",
"192.168.16.239",
"${MASTER_VIP}",
"${CLUSTER_KUBERNETES_SVC_IP}",
"kubernetes",
"kubernetes.default",
"kubernetes.default.svc",
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"L": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "4Paradigm"
}
]
}
EOF
hosts 字段指定授權(quán)使用該證書的 IP 或域名列表溪食,這里列出了 VIP 囊卜、apiserver 節(jié)點(diǎn) IP、kubernetes 服務(wù) IP 和域名错沃;
域名最后字符不能是
.
(如不能為kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local.
)栅组,否則解析時(shí)失敗,提示:x509: cannot parse dnsName "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local."
枢析;如果使用非
cluster.local
域名玉掸,如opsnull.com
,則需要修改域名列表中的最后兩個(gè)域名為:kubernetes.default.svc.opsnull
醒叁、kubernetes.default.svc.opsnull.com
-
kubernetes 服務(wù) IP 是 apiserver 自動(dòng)創(chuàng)建的司浪,一般是
--service-cluster-ip-range
參數(shù)指定的網(wǎng)段的第一個(gè)IP,后續(xù)可以通過如下命令獲劝颜印:$ kubectl get svc kubernetes NAME CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE kubernetes 10.254.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 1d
生成證書和私鑰:
cfssl gencert -ca=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \
-ca-key=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca-key.pem \
-config=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca-config.json \
-profile=kubernetes kubernetes-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kubernetes
ls kubernetes*pem
將生成的證書和私鑰文件拷貝到 master 節(jié)點(diǎn):
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_ip} "mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/cert/ && sudo chown -R k8s /etc/kubernetes/cert/"
scp kubernetes*.pem k8s@${node_ip}:/etc/kubernetes/cert/
done
- k8s 賬戶可以讀寫 /etc/kubernetes/cert/ 目錄啊易;
創(chuàng)建加密配置文件
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
cat > encryption-config.yaml <<EOF
kind: EncryptionConfig
apiVersion: v1
resources:
- resources:
- secrets
providers:
- aescbc:
keys:
- name: key1
secret: ${ENCRYPTION_KEY}
- identity: {}
EOF
將加密配置文件拷貝到 master 節(jié)點(diǎn)的 /etc/kubernetes
目錄下:
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
scp encryption-config.yaml root@${node_ip}:/etc/kubernetes/
done
替換后的 encryption-config.yaml 文件:encryption-config.yaml
創(chuàng)建 kube-apiserver systemd unit 模板文件
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
cat > kube-apiserver.service.template <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
After=network.target
[Service]
ExecStart=/opt/k8s/bin/kube-apiserver \\
--enable-admission-plugins=Initializers,NamespaceLifecycle,NodeRestriction,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,ResourceQuota \\
--anonymous-auth=false \\
--experimental-encryption-provider-config=/etc/kubernetes/encryption-config.yaml \\
--advertise-address=##NODE_IP## \\
--bind-address=##NODE_IP## \\
--insecure-port=0 \\
--authorization-mode=Node,RBAC \\
--runtime-config=api/all \\
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=${SERVICE_CIDR} \\
--service-node-port-range=${NODE_PORT_RANGE} \\
--tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/kubernetes.pem \\
--tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/kubernetes-key.pem \\
--client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \\
--kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/cert/kubernetes.pem \\
--kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/cert/kubernetes-key.pem \\
--service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca-key.pem \\
--etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \\
--etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/cert/kubernetes.pem \\
--etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/cert/kubernetes-key.pem \\
--etcd-servers=${ETCD_ENDPOINTS} \\
--enable-swagger-ui=true \\
--allow-privileged=true \\
--apiserver-count=3 \\
--audit-log-maxage=30 \\
--audit-log-maxbackup=3 \\
--audit-log-maxsize=100 \\
--audit-log-path=/var/log/kube-apiserver-audit.log \\
--event-ttl=1h \\
--alsologtostderr=true \\
--logtostderr=false \\
--log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes \\
--v=2
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
Type=notify
User=k8s
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
-
--experimental-encryption-provider-config
:啟用加密特性; -
--authorization-mode=Node,RBAC
: 開啟 Node 和 RBAC 授權(quán)模式饮睬,拒絕未授權(quán)的請(qǐng)求租谈; -
--enable-admission-plugins
:啟用ServiceAccount
和NodeRestriction
; -
--service-account-key-file
:簽名 ServiceAccount Token 的公鑰文件捆愁,kube-controller-manager 的--service-account-private-key-file
指定私鑰文件割去,兩者配對(duì)使用; -
--tls-*-file
:指定 apiserver 使用的證書昼丑、私鑰和 CA 文件呻逆。--client-ca-file
用于驗(yàn)證 client (kue-controller-manager、kube-scheduler矾克、kubelet页慷、kube-proxy 等)請(qǐng)求所帶的證書; -
--kubelet-client-certificate
胁附、--kubelet-client-key
:如果指定,則使用 https 訪問 kubelet APIs滓彰;需要為證書對(duì)應(yīng)的用戶(上面 kubernetes*.pem 證書的用戶為 kubernetes) 用戶定義 RBAC 規(guī)則控妻,否則訪問 kubelet API 時(shí)提示未授權(quán); -
--bind-address
: 不能為127.0.0.1
揭绑,否則外界不能訪問它的安全端口 6443弓候; -
--insecure-port=0
:關(guān)閉監(jiān)聽非安全端口(8080)郎哭; -
--service-cluster-ip-range
: 指定 Service Cluster IP 地址段; -
--service-node-port-range
: 指定 NodePort 的端口范圍菇存; -
--runtime-config=api/all=true
: 啟用所有版本的 APIs夸研,如 autoscaling/v2alpha1; -
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth
:啟用 kubelet bootstrap 的 token 認(rèn)證依鸥; -
--apiserver-count=3
:指定集群運(yùn)行模式亥至,多臺(tái) kube-apiserver 會(huì)通過 leader 選舉產(chǎn)生一個(gè)工作節(jié)點(diǎn),其它節(jié)點(diǎn)處于阻塞狀態(tài)贱迟; -
User=k8s
:使用 k8s 賬戶運(yùn)行姐扮;
為各節(jié)點(diǎn)創(chuàng)建和分發(fā) kube-apiserver systemd unit 文件
替換模板文件中的變量,為各節(jié)點(diǎn)創(chuàng)建 systemd unit 文件:
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for (( i=0; i < 3; i++ ))
do
sed -e "s/##NODE_NAME##/${NODE_NAMES[i]}/" -e "s/##NODE_IP##/${NODE_IPS[i]}/" kube-apiserver.service.template > kube-apiserver-${NODE_IPS[i]}.service
done
ls kube-apiserver*.service
- NODE_NAMES 和 NODE_IPS 為相同長度的 bash 數(shù)組衣吠,分別為節(jié)點(diǎn)名稱和對(duì)應(yīng)的 IP茶敏;
分發(fā)生成的 systemd unit 文件:
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_ip} "mkdir -p /var/log/kubernetes && chown -R k8s /var/log/kubernetes"
scp kube-apiserver-${node_ip}.service root@${node_ip}:/etc/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service
done
- 必須先創(chuàng)建日志目錄;
- 文件重命名為 kube-apiserver.service;
替換后的 unit 文件:kube-apiserver.service
啟動(dòng) kube-apiserver 服務(wù)
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_ip} "systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable kube-apiserver && systemctl restart kube-apiserver"
done
檢查 kube-apiserver 運(yùn)行狀態(tài)
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_ip} "systemctl status kube-apiserver |grep 'Active:'"
done
確保狀態(tài)為 active (running)
缚俏,否則到 master 節(jié)點(diǎn)查看日志惊搏,確認(rèn)原因:
journalctl -u kube-apiserver
打印 kube-apiserver 寫入 etcd 的數(shù)據(jù)
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
ETCDCTL_API=3 etcdctl \
--endpoints=${ETCD_ENDPOINTS} \
--cacert=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \
--cert=/etc/etcd/cert/etcd.pem \
--key=/etc/etcd/cert/etcd-key.pem \
get /registry/ --prefix --keys-only
檢查集群信息
$ kubectl cluster-info
Kubernetes master is running at https://192.168.16.240:8443
To further debug and diagnose cluster problems, use 'kubectl cluster-info dump'.
$ kubectl get all --all-namespaces
NAMESPACE NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
default service/kubernetes ClusterIP 10.254.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 35m
$ kubectl get componentstatuses
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
controller-manager Unhealthy Get http://127.0.0.1:10252/healthz: dial tcp 127.0.0.1:10252: getsockopt: connection refused
scheduler Unhealthy Get http://127.0.0.1:10251/healthz: dial tcp 127.0.0.1:10251: getsockopt: connection refused
etcd-1 Healthy {"health":"true"}
etcd-0 Healthy {"health":"true"}
etcd-2 Healthy {"health":"true"}
注意:
-
如果執(zhí)行 kubectl 命令式時(shí)輸出如下錯(cuò)誤信息,則說明使用的
~/.kube/config
文件不對(duì)忧换,請(qǐng)切換到正確的賬戶后再執(zhí)行該命令:The connection to the server localhost:8080 was refused - did you specify the right host or port?
執(zhí)行
kubectl get componentstatuses
命令時(shí)恬惯,apiserver 默認(rèn)向 127.0.0.1 發(fā)送請(qǐng)求。當(dāng) controller-manager包雀、scheduler 以集群模式運(yùn)行時(shí)宿崭,有可能和 kube-apiserver 不在一臺(tái)機(jī)器上,這時(shí) controller-manager 或 scheduler 的狀態(tài)為 Unhealthy才写,但實(shí)際上它們工作正常葡兑。
檢查 kube-apiserver 監(jiān)聽的端口
$ sudo netstat -lnpt|grep kube
tcp 0 0 192.168.16.237:6443 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 13075/kube-apiserve
- 6443: 接收 https 請(qǐng)求的安全端口,對(duì)所有請(qǐng)求做認(rèn)證和授權(quán)赞草;
- 由于關(guān)閉了非安全端口讹堤,故沒有監(jiān)聽 8080;
授予 kubernetes 證書訪問 kubelet API 的權(quán)限
在執(zhí)行 kubectl exec厨疙、run洲守、logs 等命令時(shí),apiserver 會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)到 kubelet沾凄。這里定義 RBAC 規(guī)則梗醇,授權(quán) apiserver 調(diào)用 kubelet API。
$ kubectl create clusterrolebinding kube-apiserver:kubelet-apis --clusterrole=system:kubelet-api-admin --user kubernetes
10 部署高可用 kube-controller-manager 集群
本文檔介紹部署高可用 kube-controller-manager 集群的步驟撒蟀。
該集群包含 3 個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)叙谨,啟動(dòng)后將通過競爭選舉機(jī)制產(chǎn)生一個(gè) leader 節(jié)點(diǎn),其它節(jié)點(diǎn)為阻塞狀態(tài)保屯。當(dāng) leader 節(jié)點(diǎn)不可用后手负,剩余節(jié)點(diǎn)將再次進(jìn)行選舉產(chǎn)生新的 leader 節(jié)點(diǎn)涤垫,從而保證服務(wù)的可用性。
為保證通信安全竟终,本文檔先生成 x509 證書和私鑰蝠猬,kube-controller-manager 在如下兩種情況下使用該證書:
- 與 kube-apiserver 的安全端口通信時(shí);
- 在安全端口(https,10252) 輸出 prometheus 格式的 metrics统捶;
準(zhǔn)備工作
下載最新版本的二進(jìn)制文件榆芦、安裝和配置 flanneld 參考:06-0.部署master節(jié)點(diǎn).md
創(chuàng)建 kube-controller-manager 證書和私鑰
創(chuàng)建證書簽名請(qǐng)求:
cat > kube-controller-manager-csr.json <<EOF
{
"CN": "system:kube-controller-manager",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"hosts": [
"127.0.0.1",
"192.168.16.237",
"192.168.16.238",
"192.168.16.239"
],
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"L": "BeiJing",
"O": "system:kube-controller-manager",
"OU": "4Paradigm"
}
]
}
EOF
- hosts 列表包含所有 kube-controller-manager 節(jié)點(diǎn) IP;
- CN 為 system:kube-controller-manager瘾境、O 為 system:kube-controller-manager歧杏,kubernetes 內(nèi)置的 ClusterRoleBindings system:kube-controller-manager 賦予 kube-controller-manager 工作所需的權(quán)限。
生成證書和私鑰:
cfssl gencert -ca=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \
-ca-key=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca-key.pem \
-config=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca-config.json \
-profile=kubernetes kube-controller-manager-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-controller-manager
將生成的證書和私鑰分發(fā)到所有 master 節(jié)點(diǎn):
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
scp kube-controller-manager*.pem k8s@${node_ip}:/etc/kubernetes/cert/
done
創(chuàng)建和分發(fā) kubeconfig 文件
kubeconfig 文件包含訪問 apiserver 的所有信息迷守,如 apiserver 地址犬绒、CA 證書和自身使用的證書;
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-controller-manager \
--client-certificate=kube-controller-manager.pem \
--client-key=kube-controller-manager-key.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context system:kube-controller-manager \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=system:kube-controller-manager \
--kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
kubectl config use-context system:kube-controller-manager --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
分發(fā) kubeconfig 到所有 master 節(jié)點(diǎn):
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
scp kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig k8s@${node_ip}:/etc/kubernetes/
done
創(chuàng)建和分發(fā) kube-controller-manager systemd unit 文件
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
cat > kube-controller-manager.service <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
[Service]
ExecStart=/opt/k8s/bin/kube-controller-manager \\
--port=0 \\
--secure-port=10252 \\
--bind-address=127.0.0.1 \\
--kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=${SERVICE_CIDR} \\
--cluster-name=kubernetes \\
--cluster-signing-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \\
--cluster-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca-key.pem \\
--experimental-cluster-signing-duration=8760h \\
--root-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \\
--service-account-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca-key.pem \\
--leader-elect=true \\
--feature-gates=RotateKubeletServerCertificate=true \\
--controllers=*,bootstrapsigner,tokencleaner \\
--horizontal-pod-autoscaler-use-rest-clients=true \\
--horizontal-pod-autoscaler-sync-period=10s \\
--tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/kube-controller-manager.pem \\
--tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/kube-controller-manager-key.pem \\
--use-service-account-credentials=true \\
--alsologtostderr=true \\
--logtostderr=false \\
--log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes \\
--v=2
Restart=on
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
User=k8s
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
-
--port=0
:關(guān)閉監(jiān)聽 http /metrics 的請(qǐng)求兑凿,同時(shí)--address
參數(shù)無效凯力,--bind-address
參數(shù)有效; -
--secure-port=10252
礼华、--bind-address=0.0.0.0
: 在所有網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口監(jiān)聽 10252 端口的 https /metrics 請(qǐng)求咐鹤; -
--kubeconfig
:指定 kubeconfig 文件路徑,kube-controller-manager 使用它連接和驗(yàn)證 kube-apiserver圣絮; -
--cluster-signing-*-file
:簽名 TLS Bootstrap 創(chuàng)建的證書祈惶; -
--experimental-cluster-signing-duration
:指定 TLS Bootstrap 證書的有效期; -
--root-ca-file
:放置到容器 ServiceAccount 中的 CA 證書扮匠,用來對(duì) kube-apiserver 的證書進(jìn)行校驗(yàn)捧请; -
--service-account-private-key-file
:簽名 ServiceAccount 中 Token 的私鑰文件,必須和 kube-apiserver 的--service-account-key-file
指定的公鑰文件配對(duì)使用棒搜; -
--service-cluster-ip-range
:指定 Service Cluster IP 網(wǎng)段疹蛉,必須和 kube-apiserver 中的同名參數(shù)一致; -
--leader-elect=true
:集群運(yùn)行模式力麸,啟用選舉功能可款;被選為 leader 的節(jié)點(diǎn)負(fù)責(zé)處理工作,其它節(jié)點(diǎn)為阻塞狀態(tài)克蚂; -
--feature-gates=RotateKubeletServerCertificate=true
:開啟 kublet server 證書的自動(dòng)更新特性闺鲸; -
--controllers=*,bootstrapsigner,tokencleaner
:啟用的控制器列表,tokencleaner 用于自動(dòng)清理過期的 Bootstrap token埃叭; -
--horizontal-pod-autoscaler-*
:custom metrics 相關(guān)參數(shù)翠拣,支持 autoscaling/v2alpha1; -
--tls-cert-file
游盲、--tls-private-key-file
:使用 https 輸出 metrics 時(shí)使用的 Server 證書和秘鑰误墓; -
--use-service-account-credentials=true
: -
User=k8s
:使用 k8s 賬戶運(yùn)行;
kube-controller-manager 不對(duì)請(qǐng)求 https metrics 的 Client 證書進(jìn)行校驗(yàn)益缎,故不需要指定 --tls-ca-file
參數(shù)谜慌,而且該參數(shù)已被淘汰。
完整 unit 見 kube-controller-manager.service
分發(fā) systemd unit 文件到所有 master 節(jié)點(diǎn):
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
scp kube-controller-manager.service root@${node_ip}:/etc/systemd/system/
done
kube-controller-manager 的權(quán)限
ClusteRole: system:kube-controller-manager 的權(quán)限很小莺奔,只能創(chuàng)建 secret欣范、serviceaccount 等資源對(duì)象,各 controller 的權(quán)限分散到 ClusterRole system:controller:XXX 中令哟。
需要在 kube-controller-manager 的啟動(dòng)參數(shù)中添加 --use-service-account-credentials=true
參數(shù)恼琼,這樣 main controller 會(huì)為各 controller 創(chuàng)建對(duì)應(yīng)的 ServiceAccount XXX-controller。
內(nèi)置的 ClusterRoleBinding system:controller:XXX 將賦予各 XXX-controller ServiceAccount 對(duì)應(yīng)的 ClusterRole system:controller:XXX 權(quán)限屏富。
啟動(dòng) kube-controller-manager 服務(wù)
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_ip} "mkdir -p /var/log/kubernetes && chown -R k8s /var/log/kubernetes"
ssh root@${node_ip} "systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable kube-controller-manager && systemctl restart kube-controller-manager"
done
- 必須先創(chuàng)建日志目錄晴竞;
檢查服務(wù)運(yùn)行狀態(tài)
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh k8s@${node_ip} "systemctl status kube-controller-manager|grep Active"
done
確保狀態(tài)為 active (running)
,否則查看日志狠半,確認(rèn)原因:
$ journalctl -u kube-controller-manager
查看輸出的 metric
注意:以下命令在 kube-controller-manager 節(jié)點(diǎn)上執(zhí)行噩死。
kube-controller-manager 監(jiān)聽 10252 端口,接收 https 請(qǐng)求:
$ sudo netstat -lnpt|grep kube-controll
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10252 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 18377/kube-controll
$ curl -s --cacert /etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem https://127.0.0.1:10252/metrics |head
# HELP ClusterRoleAggregator_adds Total number of adds handled by workqueue: ClusterRoleAggregator
# TYPE ClusterRoleAggregator_adds counter
ClusterRoleAggregator_adds 3
# HELP ClusterRoleAggregator_depth Current depth of workqueue: ClusterRoleAggregator
# TYPE ClusterRoleAggregator_depth gauge
ClusterRoleAggregator_depth 0
# HELP ClusterRoleAggregator_queue_latency How long an item stays in workqueueClusterRoleAggregator before being requested.
# TYPE ClusterRoleAggregator_queue_latency summary
ClusterRoleAggregator_queue_latency{quantile="0.5"} 57018
ClusterRoleAggregator_queue_latency{quantile="0.9"} 57268
- curl --cacert CA 證書用來驗(yàn)證 kube-controller-manager https server 證書神年;
測(cè)試 kube-controller-manager 集群的高可用
停掉一個(gè)或兩個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)的 kube-controller-manager 服務(wù)已维,觀察其它節(jié)點(diǎn)的日志,看是否獲取了 leader 權(quán)限已日。
查看當(dāng)前的 leader
$ kubectl get endpoints kube-controller-manager --namespace=kube-system -o yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Endpoints
metadata:
annotations:
control-plane.alpha.kubernetes.io/leader: '{"holderIdentity":"kube-node2_084534e2-6cc4-11e8-a418-5254001f5b65","leaseDurationSeconds":15,"acquireTime":"2018-06-10T15:40:33Z","renewTime":"2018-06-10T16:19:08Z","leaderTransitions":12}'
creationTimestamp: 2018-06-10T13:59:42Z
name: kube-controller-manager
namespace: kube-system
resourceVersion: "4540"
selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/endpoints/kube-controller-manager
uid: 862cc048-6cb6-11e8-96fa-525400ba84c6
可見垛耳,當(dāng)前的 leader 為 kube-node2 節(jié)點(diǎn)。
部署高可用 kube-controller-manager 集群
本文檔介紹部署高可用 kube-controller-manager 集群的步驟飘千。
該集群包含 3 個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)堂鲜,啟動(dòng)后將通過競爭選舉機(jī)制產(chǎn)生一個(gè) leader 節(jié)點(diǎn),其它節(jié)點(diǎn)為阻塞狀態(tài)占婉。當(dāng) leader 節(jié)點(diǎn)不可用后泡嘴,剩余節(jié)點(diǎn)將再次進(jìn)行選舉產(chǎn)生新的 leader 節(jié)點(diǎn),從而保證服務(wù)的可用性逆济。
為保證通信安全酌予,本文檔先生成 x509 證書和私鑰,kube-controller-manager 在如下兩種情況下使用該證書:
- 與 kube-apiserver 的安全端口通信時(shí);
- 在安全端口(https奖慌,10252) 輸出 prometheus 格式的 metrics抛虫;
準(zhǔn)備工作
下載最新版本的二進(jìn)制文件、安裝和配置 flanneld 參考:06-0.部署master節(jié)點(diǎn).md
創(chuàng)建 kube-controller-manager 證書和私鑰
創(chuàng)建證書簽名請(qǐng)求:
cat > kube-controller-manager-csr.json <<EOF
{
"CN": "system:kube-controller-manager",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"hosts": [
"127.0.0.1",
"192.168.16.237",
"192.168.16.238",
"192.168.16.239"
],
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"L": "BeiJing",
"O": "system:kube-controller-manager",
"OU": "4Paradigm"
}
]
}
EOF
- hosts 列表包含所有 kube-controller-manager 節(jié)點(diǎn) IP简僧;
- CN 為 system:kube-controller-manager建椰、O 為 system:kube-controller-manager,kubernetes 內(nèi)置的 ClusterRoleBindings system:kube-controller-manager 賦予 kube-controller-manager 工作所需的權(quán)限岛马。
生成證書和私鑰:
cfssl gencert -ca=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \
-ca-key=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca-key.pem \
-config=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca-config.json \
-profile=kubernetes kube-controller-manager-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-controller-manager
將生成的證書和私鑰分發(fā)到所有 master 節(jié)點(diǎn):
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
scp kube-controller-manager*.pem k8s@${node_ip}:/etc/kubernetes/cert/
done
創(chuàng)建和分發(fā) kubeconfig 文件
kubeconfig 文件包含訪問 apiserver 的所有信息棉姐,如 apiserver 地址蛇尚、CA 證書和自身使用的證書;
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-controller-manager \
--client-certificate=kube-controller-manager.pem \
--client-key=kube-controller-manager-key.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context system:kube-controller-manager \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=system:kube-controller-manager \
--kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
kubectl config use-context system:kube-controller-manager --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
分發(fā) kubeconfig 到所有 master 節(jié)點(diǎn):
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
scp kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig k8s@${node_ip}:/etc/kubernetes/
done
創(chuàng)建和分發(fā) kube-controller-manager systemd unit 文件
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
cat > kube-controller-manager.service <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
[Service]
ExecStart=/opt/k8s/bin/kube-controller-manager \\
--port=0 \\
--secure-port=10252 \\
--bind-address=127.0.0.1 \\
--kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=${SERVICE_CIDR} \\
--cluster-name=kubernetes \\
--cluster-signing-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \\
--cluster-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca-key.pem \\
--experimental-cluster-signing-duration=8760h \\
--root-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \\
--service-account-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca-key.pem \\
--leader-elect=true \\
--feature-gates=RotateKubeletServerCertificate=true \\
--controllers=*,bootstrapsigner,tokencleaner \\
--horizontal-pod-autoscaler-use-rest-clients=true \\
--horizontal-pod-autoscaler-sync-period=10s \\
--tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/kube-controller-manager.pem \\
--tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/kube-controller-manager-key.pem \\
--use-service-account-credentials=true \\
--alsologtostderr=true \\
--logtostderr=false \\
--log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes \\
--v=2
Restart=on
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
User=k8s
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
-
--port=0
:關(guān)閉監(jiān)聽 http /metrics 的請(qǐng)求臀玄,同時(shí)--address
參數(shù)無效尽纽,--bind-address
參數(shù)有效; -
--secure-port=10252
乃坤、--bind-address=0.0.0.0
: 在所有網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口監(jiān)聽 10252 端口的 https /metrics 請(qǐng)求苛让; -
--kubeconfig
:指定 kubeconfig 文件路徑,kube-controller-manager 使用它連接和驗(yàn)證 kube-apiserver湿诊; -
--cluster-signing-*-file
:簽名 TLS Bootstrap 創(chuàng)建的證書狱杰; -
--experimental-cluster-signing-duration
:指定 TLS Bootstrap 證書的有效期; -
--root-ca-file
:放置到容器 ServiceAccount 中的 CA 證書厅须,用來對(duì) kube-apiserver 的證書進(jìn)行校驗(yàn)仿畸; -
--service-account-private-key-file
:簽名 ServiceAccount 中 Token 的私鑰文件,必須和 kube-apiserver 的--service-account-key-file
指定的公鑰文件配對(duì)使用九杂; -
--service-cluster-ip-range
:指定 Service Cluster IP 網(wǎng)段颁湖,必須和 kube-apiserver 中的同名參數(shù)一致; -
--leader-elect=true
:集群運(yùn)行模式例隆,啟用選舉功能甥捺;被選為 leader 的節(jié)點(diǎn)負(fù)責(zé)處理工作,其它節(jié)點(diǎn)為阻塞狀態(tài)镀层; -
--feature-gates=RotateKubeletServerCertificate=true
:開啟 kublet server 證書的自動(dòng)更新特性镰禾; -
--controllers=*,bootstrapsigner,tokencleaner
:啟用的控制器列表,tokencleaner 用于自動(dòng)清理過期的 Bootstrap token唱逢; -
--horizontal-pod-autoscaler-*
:custom metrics 相關(guān)參數(shù)吴侦,支持 autoscaling/v2alpha1; -
--tls-cert-file
坞古、--tls-private-key-file
:使用 https 輸出 metrics 時(shí)使用的 Server 證書和秘鑰备韧; -
--use-service-account-credentials=true
: -
User=k8s
:使用 k8s 賬戶運(yùn)行;
kube-controller-manager 不對(duì)請(qǐng)求 https metrics 的 Client 證書進(jìn)行校驗(yàn)痪枫,故不需要指定 --tls-ca-file
參數(shù)织堂,而且該參數(shù)已被淘汰。
完整 unit 見 kube-controller-manager.service
分發(fā) systemd unit 文件到所有 master 節(jié)點(diǎn):
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
scp kube-controller-manager.service root@${node_ip}:/etc/systemd/system/
done
kube-controller-manager 的權(quán)限
ClusteRole: system:kube-controller-manager 的權(quán)限很小奶陈,只能創(chuàng)建 secret易阳、serviceaccount 等資源對(duì)象,各 controller 的權(quán)限分散到 ClusterRole system:controller:XXX 中吃粒。
需要在 kube-controller-manager 的啟動(dòng)參數(shù)中添加 --use-service-account-credentials=true
參數(shù)潦俺,這樣 main controller 會(huì)為各 controller 創(chuàng)建對(duì)應(yīng)的 ServiceAccount XXX-controller。
內(nèi)置的 ClusterRoleBinding system:controller:XXX 將賦予各 XXX-controller ServiceAccount 對(duì)應(yīng)的 ClusterRole system:controller:XXX 權(quán)限。
啟動(dòng) kube-controller-manager 服務(wù)
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_ip} "mkdir -p /var/log/kubernetes && chown -R k8s /var/log/kubernetes"
ssh root@${node_ip} "systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable kube-controller-manager && systemctl restart kube-controller-manager"
done
- 必須先創(chuàng)建日志目錄事示;
檢查服務(wù)運(yùn)行狀態(tài)
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh k8s@${node_ip} "systemctl status kube-controller-manager|grep Active"
done
確保狀態(tài)為 active (running)
早像,否則查看日志,確認(rèn)原因:
$ journalctl -u kube-controller-manager
查看輸出的 metric
注意:以下命令在 kube-controller-manager 節(jié)點(diǎn)上執(zhí)行很魂。
kube-controller-manager 監(jiān)聽 10252 端口扎酷,接收 https 請(qǐng)求:
$ sudo netstat -lnpt|grep kube-controll
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10252 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 18377/kube-controll
$ curl -s --cacert /etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem https://127.0.0.1:10252/metrics |head
# HELP ClusterRoleAggregator_adds Total number of adds handled by workqueue: ClusterRoleAggregator
# TYPE ClusterRoleAggregator_adds counter
ClusterRoleAggregator_adds 3
# HELP ClusterRoleAggregator_depth Current depth of workqueue: ClusterRoleAggregator
# TYPE ClusterRoleAggregator_depth gauge
ClusterRoleAggregator_depth 0
# HELP ClusterRoleAggregator_queue_latency How long an item stays in workqueueClusterRoleAggregator before being requested.
# TYPE ClusterRoleAggregator_queue_latency summary
ClusterRoleAggregator_queue_latency{quantile="0.5"} 57018
ClusterRoleAggregator_queue_latency{quantile="0.9"} 57268
- curl --cacert CA 證書用來驗(yàn)證 kube-controller-manager https server 證書;
測(cè)試 kube-controller-manager 集群的高可用
停掉一個(gè)或兩個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)的 kube-controller-manager 服務(wù)遏匆,觀察其它節(jié)點(diǎn)的日志,看是否獲取了 leader 權(quán)限谁榜。
查看當(dāng)前的 leader
$ kubectl get endpoints kube-controller-manager --namespace=kube-system -o yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Endpoints
metadata:
annotations:
control-plane.alpha.kubernetes.io/leader: '{"holderIdentity":"kube-node2_084534e2-6cc4-11e8-a418-5254001f5b65","leaseDurationSeconds":15,"acquireTime":"2018-06-10T15:40:33Z","renewTime":"2018-06-10T16:19:08Z","leaderTransitions":12}'
creationTimestamp: 2018-06-10T13:59:42Z
name: kube-controller-manager
namespace: kube-system
resourceVersion: "4540"
selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/endpoints/kube-controller-manager
uid: 862cc048-6cb6-11e8-96fa-525400ba84c6
可見幅聘,當(dāng)前的 leader 為 kube-node2 節(jié)點(diǎn)。
11. 部署高可用 kube-scheduler 集群
本文檔介紹部署高可用 kube-scheduler 集群的步驟窃植。
該集群包含 3 個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)帝蒿,啟動(dòng)后將通過競爭選舉機(jī)制產(chǎn)生一個(gè) leader 節(jié)點(diǎn),其它節(jié)點(diǎn)為阻塞狀態(tài)巷怜。當(dāng) leader 節(jié)點(diǎn)不可用后葛超,剩余節(jié)點(diǎn)將再次進(jìn)行選舉產(chǎn)生新的 leader 節(jié)點(diǎn),從而保證服務(wù)的可用性延塑。
為保證通信安全绣张,本文檔先生成 x509 證書和私鑰,kube-scheduler 在如下兩種情況下使用該證書:
- 與 kube-apiserver 的安全端口通信;
- 在安全端口(https关带,10251) 輸出 prometheus 格式的 metrics侥涵;
準(zhǔn)備工作
下載最新版本的二進(jìn)制文件、安裝和配置 flanneld 參考:06-0.部署master節(jié)點(diǎn).md
創(chuàng)建 kube-scheduler 證書和私鑰
創(chuàng)建證書簽名請(qǐng)求:
cat > kube-scheduler-csr.json <<EOF
{
"CN": "system:kube-scheduler",
"hosts": [
"127.0.0.1",
"192.168.16.237",
"192.168.16.238",
"192.168.16.239"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"L": "BeiJing",
"O": "system:kube-scheduler",
"OU": "4Paradigm"
}
]
}
EOF
- hosts 列表包含所有 kube-scheduler 節(jié)點(diǎn) IP宋雏;
- CN 為 system:kube-scheduler芜飘、O 為 system:kube-scheduler,kubernetes 內(nèi)置的 ClusterRoleBindings system:kube-scheduler 將賦予 kube-scheduler 工作所需的權(quán)限磨总。
生成證書和私鑰:
cfssl gencert -ca=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \
-ca-key=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca-key.pem \
-config=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca-config.json \
-profile=kubernetes kube-scheduler-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-scheduler
創(chuàng)建和分發(fā) kubeconfig 文件
kubeconfig 文件包含訪問 apiserver 的所有信息嗦明,如 apiserver 地址、CA 證書和自身使用的證書蚪燕;
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-scheduler \
--client-certificate=kube-scheduler.pem \
--client-key=kube-scheduler-key.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context system:kube-scheduler \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=system:kube-scheduler \
--kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
kubectl config use-context system:kube-scheduler --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
- 上一步創(chuàng)建的證書娶牌、私鑰以及 kube-apiserver 地址被寫入到 kubeconfig 文件中;
分發(fā) kubeconfig 到所有 master 節(jié)點(diǎn):
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
scp kube-scheduler.kubeconfig k8s@${node_ip}:/etc/kubernetes/
done
創(chuàng)建和分發(fā) kube-scheduler systemd unit 文件
cat > kube-scheduler.service <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
[Service]
ExecStart=/opt/k8s/bin/kube-scheduler \\
--address=127.0.0.1 \\
--kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-scheduler.kubeconfig \\
--leader-elect=true \\
--alsologtostderr=true \\
--logtostderr=false \\
--log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes \\
--v=2
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
User=k8s
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
-
--address
:在 127.0.0.1:10251 端口接收 http /metrics 請(qǐng)求邻薯;kube-scheduler 目前還不支持接收 https 請(qǐng)求裙戏; -
--kubeconfig
:指定 kubeconfig 文件路徑,kube-scheduler 使用它連接和驗(yàn)證 kube-apiserver厕诡; -
--leader-elect=true
:集群運(yùn)行模式累榜,啟用選舉功能;被選為 leader 的節(jié)點(diǎn)負(fù)責(zé)處理工作,其它節(jié)點(diǎn)為阻塞狀態(tài)壹罚; -
User=k8s
:使用 k8s 賬戶運(yùn)行葛作;
完整 unit 見 kube-scheduler.service。
分發(fā) systemd unit 文件到所有 master 節(jié)點(diǎn):
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
scp kube-scheduler.service root@${node_ip}:/etc/systemd/system/
done
啟動(dòng) kube-scheduler 服務(wù)
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_ip} "mkdir -p /var/log/kubernetes && chown -R k8s /var/log/kubernetes"
ssh root@${node_ip} "systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable kube-scheduler && systemctl restart kube-scheduler"
done
- 必須先創(chuàng)建日志目錄猖凛;
檢查服務(wù)運(yùn)行狀態(tài)
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh k8s@${node_ip} "systemctl status kube-scheduler|grep Active"
done
確保狀態(tài)為 active (running)
赂蠢,否則查看日志,確認(rèn)原因:
journalctl -u kube-scheduler
查看輸出的 metric
注意:以下命令在 kube-scheduler 節(jié)點(diǎn)上執(zhí)行辨泳。
kube-scheduler 監(jiān)聽 10251 端口虱岂,接收 http 請(qǐng)求:
$ sudo netstat -lnpt|grep kube-sche
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10251 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 23783/kube-schedule
$ curl -s http://127.0.0.1:10251/metrics |head
# HELP apiserver_audit_event_total Counter of audit events generated and sent to the audit backend.
# TYPE apiserver_audit_event_total counter
apiserver_audit_event_total 0
# HELP go_gc_duration_seconds A summary of the GC invocation durations.
# TYPE go_gc_duration_seconds summary
go_gc_duration_seconds{quantile="0"} 9.7715e-05
go_gc_duration_seconds{quantile="0.25"} 0.000107676
go_gc_duration_seconds{quantile="0.5"} 0.00017868
go_gc_duration_seconds{quantile="0.75"} 0.000262444
go_gc_duration_seconds{quantile="1"} 0.001205223
測(cè)試 kube-scheduler 集群的高可用
隨便找一個(gè)或兩個(gè) master 節(jié)點(diǎn),停掉 kube-scheduler 服務(wù)菠红,看其它節(jié)點(diǎn)是否獲取了 leader 權(quán)限(systemd 日志)第岖。
查看當(dāng)前的 leader
$ kubectl get endpoints kube-scheduler --namespace=kube-system -o yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Endpoints
metadata:
annotations:
control-plane.alpha.kubernetes.io/leader: '{"holderIdentity":"kube-node3_61f34593-6cc8-11e8-8af7-5254002f288e","leaseDurationSeconds":15,"acquireTime":"2018-06-10T16:09:56Z","renewTime":"2018-06-10T16:20:54Z","leaderTransitions":1}'
creationTimestamp: 2018-06-10T16:07:33Z
name: kube-scheduler
namespace: kube-system
resourceVersion: "4645"
selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/endpoints/kube-scheduler
uid: 62382d98-6cc8-11e8-96fa-525400ba84c6
可見,當(dāng)前的 leader 為 kube-node3 節(jié)點(diǎn)试溯。
12.部署 worker 節(jié)點(diǎn)
kubernetes work 節(jié)點(diǎn)運(yùn)行如下組件:
- docker
- kubelet
- kube-proxy
安裝依賴包
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_ip} "yum install -y epel-release"
ssh root@${node_ip} "yum install -y conntrack ipvsadm ipset jq iptables curl sysstat libseccomp && /usr/sbin/modprobe ip_vs "
done
13.部署 docker 組件
docker 是容器的運(yùn)行環(huán)境蔑滓,管理它的生命周期。kubelet 通過 Container Runtime Interface (CRI) 與 docker 進(jìn)行交互遇绞〖ぃ可以二進(jìn)制或者yum方式安裝
13.1 二進(jìn)制方式安裝
使用docker info
查看存儲(chǔ)驅(qū)動(dòng) 如果是vfs的話 需要更換驅(qū)動(dòng),否則會(huì)有一些問題.
安裝依賴包
下載和分發(fā) docker 二進(jìn)制文件
到 https://download.docker.com/linux/static/stable/x86_64/ 頁面下載最新發(fā)布包:
wget https://download.docker.com/linux/static/stable/x86_64/docker-18.03.1-ce.tgz
tar -xvf docker-18.03.1-ce.tgz
分發(fā)二進(jìn)制文件到所有 worker 節(jié)點(diǎn):
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
scp docker/docker* k8s@${node_ip}:/opt/k8s/bin/
ssh k8s@${node_ip} "chmod +x /opt/k8s/bin/*"
done
創(chuàng)建和分發(fā) systemd unit 文件
cat > docker.service <<"EOF"
[Unit]
Description=Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=http://docs.docker.io
[Service]
Environment="PATH=/opt/k8s/bin:/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin"
EnvironmentFile=-/run/flannel/docker
ExecStart=/opt/k8s/bin/dockerd --log-level=error $DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity
Delegate=yes
KillMode=process
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
EOF 前后有雙引號(hào),這樣 bash 不會(huì)替換文檔中的變量摹闽,如 $DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS蹄咖;
dockerd 運(yùn)行時(shí)會(huì)調(diào)用其它 docker 命令,如 docker-proxy钩骇,所以需要將 docker 命令所在的目錄加到 PATH 環(huán)境變量中比藻;
flanneld 啟動(dòng)時(shí)將網(wǎng)絡(luò)配置寫入
/run/flannel/docker
文件中,dockerd 啟動(dòng)前讀取該文件中的環(huán)境變量DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS
倘屹,然后設(shè)置 docker0 網(wǎng)橋網(wǎng)段银亲;如果指定了多個(gè)
EnvironmentFile
選項(xiàng),則必須將/run/flannel/docker
放在最后(確保 docker0 使用 flanneld 生成的 bip 參數(shù))纽匙;docker 需要以 root 用于運(yùn)行务蝠;
-
docker 從 1.13 版本開始,可能將 iptables FORWARD chain的默認(rèn)策略設(shè)置為DROP烛缔,從而導(dǎo)致 ping 其它 Node 上的 Pod IP 失敗馏段,遇到這種情況時(shí),需要手動(dòng)設(shè)置策略為
ACCEPT
:$ sudo iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT
并且把以下命令寫入
/etc/rc.local
文件中践瓷,防止節(jié)點(diǎn)重啟iptables FORWARD chain的默認(rèn)策略又還原為DROP/sbin/iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT
完整 unit 見 docker.service
分發(fā) systemd unit 文件到所有 worker 機(jī)器:
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
scp docker.service root@${node_ip}:/etc/systemd/system/
done
配置和分發(fā) docker 配置文件
使用國內(nèi)的倉庫鏡像服務(wù)器以加快 pull image 的速度院喜,同時(shí)增加下載的并發(fā)數(shù) (需要重啟 dockerd 生效):
cat > docker-daemon.json <<EOF
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://hub-mirror.c.163.com", "https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn"],
"max-concurrent-downloads": 20
}
EOF
分發(fā) docker 配置文件到所有 work 節(jié)點(diǎn):
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_ip} "mkdir -p /etc/docker/"
scp docker-daemon.json root@${node_ip}:/etc/docker/daemon.json
done
啟動(dòng) docker 服務(wù)
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_ip} "systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld"
ssh root@${node_ip} "/usr/sbin/iptables -F && /usr/sbin/iptables -X && /usr/sbin/iptables -F -t nat && /usr/sbin/iptables -X -t nat"
ssh root@${node_ip} "/usr/sbin/iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT"
ssh root@${node_ip} "systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable docker && systemctl restart docker"
ssh root@${node_ip} 'for intf in /sys/devices/virtual/net/docker0/brif/*; do echo 1 > $intf/hairpin_mode; done'
ssh root@${node_ip} "sudo sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf"
done
- 關(guān)閉 firewalld(centos7)/ufw(ubuntu16.04),否則可能會(huì)重復(fù)創(chuàng)建 iptables 規(guī)則晕翠;
- 清理舊的 iptables rules 和 chains 規(guī)則喷舀;
- 開啟 docker0 網(wǎng)橋下虛擬網(wǎng)卡的 hairpin 模式;
檢查服務(wù)運(yùn)行狀態(tài)
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh k8s@${node_ip} "systemctl status docker|grep Active"
done
確保狀態(tài)為 active (running)
砍濒,否則查看日志,確認(rèn)原因:
$ journalctl -u docker
檢查 docker0 網(wǎng)橋
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh k8s@${node_ip} "/usr/sbin/ip addr show flannel.1 && /usr/sbin/ip addr show docker0"
done
確認(rèn)各 work 節(jié)點(diǎn)的 docker0 網(wǎng)橋和 flannel.1 接口的 IP 處于同一個(gè)網(wǎng)段中(如下 172.30.39.0 和 172.30.39.1):
3: flannel.1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1450 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default
link/ether ce:2f:d6:53:e5:f3 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.30.39.0/32 scope global flannel.1
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::cc2f:d6ff:fe53:e5f3/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default
link/ether 02:42:bf:65:16:5c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.30.39.1/24 brd 172.30.39.255 scope global docker0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
13.2所有節(jié)點(diǎn)yum 方式安裝
安裝docker需要的依賴包
yum install -y yum-utils \
device-mapper-persistent-data \
lvm2
安裝docker的yum源硫麻,通過yum源進(jìn)行下載
yum-config-manager \
--add-repo \
https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
安裝docker
yum -y install docker-ce-18.03.1.ce
修改啟動(dòng)文件
vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service
### 12行添加
EnvironmentFile=-/run/flannel/docker
### 13行修改
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd --log-level=error $DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS
啟動(dòng)docker
確認(rèn)各 work 節(jié)點(diǎn)的 docker0 網(wǎng)橋和 flannel.1 接口的 IP 處于同一個(gè)網(wǎng)段中(如下 172.30.39.0 和 172.30.39.1):
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start docker
其他步驟和二進(jìn)制方式類似爸邢,開啟防火墻轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)等
14.部署 kubelet 組件
kublet 運(yùn)行在每個(gè) worker 節(jié)點(diǎn)上,接收 kube-apiserver 發(fā)送的請(qǐng)求拿愧,管理 Pod 容器杠河,執(zhí)行交互式命令,如 exec浇辜、run券敌、logs 等。
kublet 啟動(dòng)時(shí)自動(dòng)向 kube-apiserver 注冊(cè)節(jié)點(diǎn)信息奢赂,內(nèi)置的 cadvisor 統(tǒng)計(jì)和監(jiān)控節(jié)點(diǎn)的資源使用情況陪白。
為確保安全,本文檔只開啟接收 https 請(qǐng)求的安全端口膳灶,對(duì)請(qǐng)求進(jìn)行認(rèn)證和授權(quán),拒絕未授權(quán)的訪問(如 apiserver立由、heapster)轧钓。
下載和分發(fā) kubelet 二進(jìn)制文件
創(chuàng)建 kubelet bootstrap kubeconfig 文件
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_name in ${NODE_NAMES[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_name}"
# 創(chuàng)建 token
export BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=$(kubeadm token create \
--description kubelet-bootstrap-token \
--groups system:bootstrappers:${node_name} \
--kubeconfig ~/.kube/config)
# 設(shè)置集群參數(shù)
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap-${node_name}.kubeconfig
# 設(shè)置客戶端認(rèn)證參數(shù)
kubectl config set-credentials kubelet-bootstrap \
--token=${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN} \
--kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap-${node_name}.kubeconfig
# 設(shè)置上下文參數(shù)
kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=kubelet-bootstrap \
--kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap-${node_name}.kubeconfig
# 設(shè)置默認(rèn)上下文
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap-${node_name}.kubeconfig
done
- 證書中寫入 Token 而非證書,證書后續(xù)由 controller-manager 創(chuàng)建锐膜。
查看 kubeadm 為各節(jié)點(diǎn)創(chuàng)建的 token:
$ kubeadm token list --kubeconfig ~/.kube/config
TOKEN TTL EXPIRES USAGES DESCRIPTION EXTRA GROUPS
k0s2bj.7nvw1zi1nalyz4gz 23h 2018-06-14T15:14:31+08:00 authentication,signing kubelet-bootstrap-token system:bootstrappers:kube-node1
mkus5s.vilnjk3kutei600l 23h 2018-06-14T15:14:32+08:00 authentication,signing kubelet-bootstrap-token system:bootstrappers:kube-node3
zkiem5.0m4xhw0jc8r466nk 23h 2018-06-14T15:14:32+08:00 authentication,signing kubelet-bootstrap-token system:bootstrappers:kube-node2
- 創(chuàng)建的 token 有效期為 1 天毕箍,超期后將不能再被使用,且會(huì)被 kube-controller-manager 的 tokencleaner 清理(如果啟用該 controller 的話)道盏;
- kube-apiserver 接收 kubelet 的 bootstrap token 后而柑,將請(qǐng)求的 user 設(shè)置為 system:bootstrap:,group 設(shè)置為 system:bootstrappers荷逞;
各 token 關(guān)聯(lián)的 Secret:
$ kubectl get secrets -n kube-system
NAME TYPE DATA AGE
bootstrap-token-k0s2bj bootstrap.kubernetes.io/token 7 1m
bootstrap-token-mkus5s bootstrap.kubernetes.io/token 7 1m
bootstrap-token-zkiem5 bootstrap.kubernetes.io/token 7 1m
default-token-99st7 kubernetes.io/service-account-token 3 2d
分發(fā) bootstrap kubeconfig 文件到所有 worker 節(jié)點(diǎn)
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_name in ${NODE_NAMES[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_name}"
scp kubelet-bootstrap-${node_name}.kubeconfig k8s@${node_name}:/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig
done
創(chuàng)建和分發(fā) kubelet 參數(shù)配置文件
從 v1.10 開始媒咳,kubelet 部分參數(shù)需在配置文件中配置,kubelet --help
會(huì)提示:
DEPRECATED: This parameter should be set via the config file specified by the Kubelet's --config flag
創(chuàng)建 kubelet 參數(shù)配置模板文件:
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
cat > kubelet.config.json.template <<EOF
{
"kind": "KubeletConfiguration",
"apiVersion": "kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1",
"authentication": {
"x509": {
"clientCAFile": "/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem"
},
"webhook": {
"enabled": true,
"cacheTTL": "2m0s"
},
"anonymous": {
"enabled": false
}
},
"authorization": {
"mode": "Webhook",
"webhook": {
"cacheAuthorizedTTL": "5m0s",
"cacheUnauthorizedTTL": "30s"
}
},
"address": "##NODE_IP##",
"port": 10250,
"readOnlyPort": 0,
"cgroupDriver": "cgroupfs",
"hairpinMode": "promiscuous-bridge",
"serializeImagePulls": false,
"featureGates": {
"RotateKubeletClientCertificate": true,
"RotateKubeletServerCertificate": true
},
"clusterDomain": "${CLUSTER_DNS_DOMAIN}",
"clusterDNS": ["${CLUSTER_DNS_SVC_IP}"]
}
EOF
- address:API 監(jiān)聽地址种远,不能為 127.0.0.1涩澡,否則 kube-apiserver、heapster 等不能調(diào)用 kubelet 的 API坠敷;
- readOnlyPort=0:關(guān)閉只讀端口(默認(rèn) 10255)妙同,等效為未指定;
- authentication.anonymous.enabled:設(shè)置為 false膝迎,不允許匿名?訪問 10250 端口粥帚;
- authentication.x509.clientCAFile:指定簽名客戶端證書的 CA 證書,開啟 HTTP 證書認(rèn)證限次;
- authentication.webhook.enabled=true:開啟 HTTPs bearer token 認(rèn)證芒涡;
- 對(duì)于未通過 x509 證書和 webhook 認(rèn)證的請(qǐng)求(kube-apiserver 或其他客戶端),將被拒絕,提示 Unauthorized拖陆;
- authroization.mode=Webhook:kubelet 使用 SubjectAccessReview API 查詢 kube-apiserver 某 user弛槐、group 是否具有操作資源的權(quán)限(RBAC);
- featureGates.RotateKubeletClientCertificate依啰、featureGates.RotateKubeletServerCertificate:自動(dòng) rotate 證書乎串,證書的有效期取決于 kube-controller-manager 的 --experimental-cluster-signing-duration 參數(shù);
- 需要 root 賬戶運(yùn)行速警;
為各節(jié)點(diǎn)創(chuàng)建和分發(fā) kubelet 配置文件:
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
sed -e "s/##NODE_IP##/${node_ip}/" kubelet.config.json.template > kubelet.config-${node_ip}.json
scp kubelet.config-${node_ip}.json root@${node_ip}:/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.config.json
done
替換后的 kubelet.config.json 文件: kubelet.config.json
創(chuàng)建和分發(fā) kubelet systemd unit 文件
創(chuàng)建 kubelet systemd unit 文件模板:
cat > kubelet.service.template <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
After=docker.service
Requires=docker.service
[Service]
WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/kubelet
ExecStart=/opt/k8s/bin/kubelet \\
--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig \\
--cert-dir=/etc/kubernetes/cert \\
--kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig \\
--config=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.config.json \\
--hostname-override=##NODE_NAME## \\
--pod-infra-container-image=registry.access.redhat.com/rhel7/pod-infrastructure:latest \\
--allow-privileged=true \\
--alsologtostderr=true \\
--logtostderr=false \\
--log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes \\
--v=2
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
- 如果設(shè)置了
--hostname-override
選項(xiàng)叹誉,則kube-proxy
也需要設(shè)置該選項(xiàng),否則會(huì)出現(xiàn)找不到 Node 的情況闷旧; -
--bootstrap-kubeconfig
:指向 bootstrap kubeconfig 文件长豁,kubelet 使用該文件中的用戶名和 token 向 kube-apiserver 發(fā)送 TLS Bootstrapping 請(qǐng)求; - K8S approve kubelet 的 csr 請(qǐng)求后忙灼,在
--cert-dir
目錄創(chuàng)建證書和私鑰文件匠襟,然后寫入--kubeconfig
文件;
替換后的 unit 文件:kubelet.service
為各節(jié)點(diǎn)創(chuàng)建和分發(fā) kubelet systemd unit 文件:
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_name in ${NODE_NAMES[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_name}"
sed -e "s/##NODE_NAME##/${node_name}/" kubelet.service.template > kubelet-${node_name}.service
scp kubelet-${node_name}.service root@${node_name}:/etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service
done
Bootstrap Token Auth 和授予權(quán)限
kublet 啟動(dòng)時(shí)查找配置的 --kubeletconfig 文件是否存在该园,如果不存在則使用 --bootstrap-kubeconfig 向 kube-apiserver 發(fā)送證書簽名請(qǐng)求 (CSR)酸舍。
kube-apiserver 收到 CSR 請(qǐng)求后,對(duì)其中的 Token 進(jìn)行認(rèn)證(事先使用 kubeadm 創(chuàng)建的 token)里初,認(rèn)證通過后將請(qǐng)求的 user 設(shè)置為 system:bootstrap:啃勉,group 設(shè)置為 system:bootstrappers,這一過程稱為 Bootstrap Token Auth双妨。
默認(rèn)情況下淮阐,這個(gè) user 和 group 沒有創(chuàng)建 CSR 的權(quán)限,kubelet 啟動(dòng)失敗刁品,錯(cuò)誤日志如下:
$ sudo journalctl -u kubelet -a |grep -A 2 'certificatesigningrequests'
May 06 06:42:36 kube-node1 kubelet[26986]: F0506 06:42:36.314378 26986 server.go:233] failed to run Kubelet: cannot create certificate signing request: certificatesigningrequests.certificates.k8s.io is forbidden: User "system:bootstrap:lemy40" cannot create certificatesigningrequests.certificates.k8s.io at the cluster scope
May 06 06:42:36 kube-node1 systemd[1]: kubelet.service: Main process exited, code=exited, status=255/n/a
May 06 06:42:36 kube-node1 systemd[1]: kubelet.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
解決辦法是:創(chuàng)建一個(gè) clusterrolebinding泣特,將 group system:bootstrappers 和 clusterrole system:node-bootstrapper 綁定:
$ kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap --clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper --group=system:bootstrappers
啟動(dòng) kubelet 服務(wù)
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_ip} "mkdir -p /var/lib/kubelet"
ssh root@${node_ip} "/usr/sbin/swapoff -a"
ssh root@${node_ip} "mkdir -p /var/log/kubernetes && chown -R k8s /var/log/kubernetes"
ssh root@${node_ip} "systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl restart kubelet"
done
- 關(guān)閉 swap 分區(qū),否則 kubelet 會(huì)啟動(dòng)失斞普铩群扶;
- 必須先創(chuàng)建工作和日志目錄;
$ journalctl -u kubelet |tail
Jun 13 16:05:40 kube-node2 kubelet[22343]: I0613 16:05:40.388242 22343 feature_gate.go:226] feature gates: &{{} map[RotateKubeletServerCertificate:true RotateKubeletClientCertificate:true]}
Jun 13 16:05:40 kube-node2 kubelet[22343]: I0613 16:05:40.394342 22343 mount_linux.go:211] Detected OS with systemd
Jun 13 16:05:40 kube-node2 kubelet[22343]: W0613 16:05:40.394494 22343 cni.go:171] Unable to update cni config: No networks found in /etc/cni/net.d
Jun 13 16:05:40 kube-node2 kubelet[22343]: I0613 16:05:40.399508 22343 server.go:376] Version: v1.10.4
Jun 13 16:05:40 kube-node2 kubelet[22343]: I0613 16:05:40.399583 22343 feature_gate.go:226] feature gates: &{{} map[RotateKubeletServerCertificate:true RotateKubeletClientCertificate:true]}
Jun 13 16:05:40 kube-node2 kubelet[22343]: I0613 16:05:40.399736 22343 plugins.go:89] No cloud provider specified.
Jun 13 16:05:40 kube-node2 kubelet[22343]: I0613 16:05:40.399752 22343 server.go:492] No cloud provider specified: "" from the config file: ""
Jun 13 16:05:40 kube-node2 kubelet[22343]: I0613 16:05:40.399777 22343 bootstrap.go:58] Using bootstrap kubeconfig to generate TLS client cert, key and kubeconfig file
Jun 13 16:05:40 kube-node2 kubelet[22343]: I0613 16:05:40.446068 22343 csr.go:105] csr for this node already exists, reusing
Jun 13 16:05:40 kube-node2 kubelet[22343]: I0613 16:05:40.453761 22343 csr.go:113] csr for this node is still valid
kubelet 啟動(dòng)后使用 --bootstrap-kubeconfig 向 kube-apiserver 發(fā)送 CSR 請(qǐng)求镀裤,當(dāng)這個(gè) CSR 被 approve 后竞阐,kube-controller-manager 為 kubelet 創(chuàng)建 TLS 客戶端證書、私鑰和 --kubeletconfig 文件暑劝。
注意:kube-controller-manager 需要配置 --cluster-signing-cert-file
和 --cluster-signing-key-file
參數(shù)骆莹,才會(huì)為 TLS Bootstrap 創(chuàng)建證書和私鑰。
$ kubectl get csr
NAME AGE REQUESTOR CONDITION
node-csr-QzuuQiuUfcSdp3j5W4B2UOuvQ_n9aTNHAlrLzVFiqrk 43s system:bootstrap:zkiem5 Pending
node-csr-oVbPmU-ikVknpynwu0Ckz_MvkAO_F1j0hmbcDa__sGA 27s system:bootstrap:mkus5s Pending
node-csr-u0E1-ugxgotO_9FiGXo8DkD6a7-ew8sX2qPE6KPS2IY 13m system:bootstrap:k0s2bj Pending
$ kubectl get nodes
No resources found.
- 三個(gè) work 節(jié)點(diǎn)的 csr 均處于 pending 狀態(tài)担猛;
approve kubelet CSR 請(qǐng)求
可以手動(dòng)或自動(dòng) approve CSR 請(qǐng)求幕垦。推薦使用自動(dòng)的方式丢氢,因?yàn)閺?v1.8 版本開始,可以自動(dòng)輪轉(zhuǎn)approve csr 后生成的證書先改。
手動(dòng) approve CSR 請(qǐng)求
查看 CSR 列表:
$ kubectl get csr
NAME AGE REQUESTOR CONDITION
node-csr-QzuuQiuUfcSdp3j5W4B2UOuvQ_n9aTNHAlrLzVFiqrk 43s system:bootstrap:zkiem5 Pending
node-csr-oVbPmU-ikVknpynwu0Ckz_MvkAO_F1j0hmbcDa__sGA 27s system:bootstrap:mkus5s Pending
node-csr-u0E1-ugxgotO_9FiGXo8DkD6a7-ew8sX2qPE6KPS2IY 13m system:bootstrap:k0s2bj Pending
approve CSR:
$ kubectl certificate approve node-csr-QzuuQiuUfcSdp3j5W4B2UOuvQ_n9aTNHAlrLzVFiqrk
certificatesigningrequest.certificates.k8s.io "node-csr-QzuuQiuUfcSdp3j5W4B2UOuvQ_n9aTNHAlrLzVFiqrk" approved
查看 Approve 結(jié)果:
$ kubectl describe csr node-csr-QzuuQiuUfcSdp3j5W4B2UOuvQ_n9aTNHAlrLzVFiqrk
Name: node-csr-QzuuQiuUfcSdp3j5W4B2UOuvQ_n9aTNHAlrLzVFiqrk
Labels: <none>
Annotations: <none>
CreationTimestamp: Wed, 13 Jun 2018 16:05:04 +0800
Requesting User: system:bootstrap:zkiem5
Status: Approved
Subject:
Common Name: system:node:kube-node2
Serial Number:
Organization: system:nodes
Events: <none>
-
Requesting User
:請(qǐng)求 CSR 的用戶疚察,kube-apiserver 對(duì)它進(jìn)行認(rèn)證和授權(quán); -
Subject
:請(qǐng)求簽名的證書信息仇奶; - 證書的 CN 是 system:node:kube-node2循诉, Organization 是 system:nodes骂蓖,kube-apiserver 的 Node 授權(quán)模式會(huì)授予該證書的相關(guān)權(quán)限;
自動(dòng) approve CSR 請(qǐng)求
創(chuàng)建三個(gè) ClusterRoleBinding礁遵,分別用于自動(dòng) approve client靖避、renew client允趟、renew server 證書:
cat > csr-crb.yaml <<EOF
# Approve all CSRs for the group "system:bootstrappers"
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: auto-approve-csrs-for-group
subjects:
- kind: Group
name: system:bootstrappers
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
roleRef:
kind: ClusterRole
name: system:certificates.k8s.io:certificatesigningrequests:nodeclient
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
---
# To let a node of the group "system:nodes" renew its own credentials
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: node-client-cert-renewal
subjects:
- kind: Group
name: system:nodes
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
roleRef:
kind: ClusterRole
name: system:certificates.k8s.io:certificatesigningrequests:selfnodeclient
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
---
# A ClusterRole which instructs the CSR approver to approve a node requesting a
# serving cert matching its client cert.
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: approve-node-server-renewal-csr
rules:
- apiGroups: ["certificates.k8s.io"]
resources: ["certificatesigningrequests/selfnodeserver"]
verbs: ["create"]
---
# To let a node of the group "system:nodes" renew its own server credentials
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: node-server-cert-renewal
subjects:
- kind: Group
name: system:nodes
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
roleRef:
kind: ClusterRole
name: approve-node-server-renewal-csr
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
EOF
- auto-approve-csrs-for-group:自動(dòng) approve node 的第一次 CSR蔑匣; 注意第一次 CSR 時(shí)恩急,請(qǐng)求的 Group 為 system:bootstrappers;
- node-client-cert-renewal:自動(dòng) approve node 后續(xù)過期的 client 證書氯庆,自動(dòng)生成的證書 Group 為 system:nodes;
- node-server-cert-renewal:自動(dòng) approve node 后續(xù)過期的 server 證書蹭秋,自動(dòng)生成的證書 Group 為 system:nodes;
生效配置:
$ kubectl apply -f csr-crb.yaml
查看 kublet 的情況
等待一段時(shí)間(1-10 分鐘),三個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)的 CSR 都被自動(dòng) approve:
$ kubectl get csr
NAME AGE REQUESTOR CONDITION
csr-98h25 6m system:node:kube-node2 Approved,Issued
csr-lb5c9 7m system:node:kube-node3 Approved,Issued
csr-m2hn4 14m system:node:kube-node1 Approved,Issued
node-csr-7q7i0q4MF_K2TSEJj16At4CJFLlJkHIqei6nMIAaJCU 28m system:bootstrap:k0s2bj Approved,Issued
node-csr-ND77wk2P8k2lHBtgBaObiyYw0uz1Um7g2pRvveMF-c4 35m system:bootstrap:mkus5s Approved,Issued
node-csr-Nysmrw55nnM48NKwEJuiuCGmZoxouK4N8jiEHBtLQso 6m system:bootstrap:zkiem5 Approved,Issued
node-csr-QzuuQiuUfcSdp3j5W4B2UOuvQ_n9aTNHAlrLzVFiqrk 1h system:bootstrap:zkiem5 Approved,Issued
node-csr-oVbPmU-ikVknpynwu0Ckz_MvkAO_F1j0hmbcDa__sGA 1h system:bootstrap:mkus5s Approved,Issued
node-csr-u0E1-ugxgotO_9FiGXo8DkD6a7-ew8sX2qPE6KPS2IY 1h system:bootstrap:k0s2bj Approved,Issued
所有節(jié)點(diǎn)均 ready:
$ kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
kube-node1 Ready <none> 18m v1.10.4
kube-node2 Ready <none> 10m v1.10.4
kube-node3 Ready <none> 11m v1.10.4
kube-controller-manager 為各 node 生成了 kubeconfig 文件和公私鑰:
$ ls -l /etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig
-rw------- 1 root root 2293 Jun 13 17:07 /etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig
$ ls -l /etc/kubernetes/cert/|grep kubelet
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1046 Jun 13 17:07 kubelet-client.crt
-rw------- 1 root root 227 Jun 13 17:07 kubelet-client.key
-rw------- 1 root root 1334 Jun 13 17:07 kubelet-server-2018-06-13-17-07-45.pem
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 58 Jun 13 17:07 kubelet-server-current.pem -> /etc/kubernetes/cert/kubelet-server-2018-06-13-17-07-45.pem
- kubelet-server 證書會(huì)周期輪轉(zhuǎn)堤撵;
kubelet 提供的 API 接口
kublet 啟動(dòng)后監(jiān)聽多個(gè)端口感凤,用于接收 kube-apiserver 或其它組件發(fā)送的請(qǐng)求:
$ sudo netstat -lnpt|grep kubelet
tcp 0 0 192.168.16.237:4194 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2490/kubelet
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10248 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2490/kubelet
tcp 0 0 192.168.16.237:10250 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2490/kubelet
- 4194: cadvisor http 服務(wù);
- 10248: healthz http 服務(wù)粒督;
- 10250: https API 服務(wù);注意:未開啟只讀端口 10255禽翼;
例如執(zhí)行 kubectl ec -it nginx-ds-5rmws -- sh
命令時(shí)屠橄,kube-apiserver 會(huì)向 kubelet 發(fā)送如下請(qǐng)求:
POST /exec/default/nginx-ds-5rmws/my-nginx?command=sh&input=1&output=1&tty=1
kubelet 接收 10250 端口的 https 請(qǐng)求:
- /pods、/runningpods
- /metrics闰挡、/metrics/cadvisor锐墙、/metrics/probes
- /spec
- /stats、/stats/container
- /logs
- /run/长酗、"/exec/", "/attach/", "/portForward/", "/containerLogs/" 等管理溪北;
詳情參考:https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/pkg/kubelet/server/server.go#L434:3
由于關(guān)閉了匿名認(rèn)證,同時(shí)開啟了 webhook 授權(quán)夺脾,所有訪問 10250 端口 https API 的請(qǐng)求都需要被認(rèn)證和授權(quán)之拨。
預(yù)定義的 ClusterRole system:kubelet-api-admin 授予訪問 kubelet 所有 API 的權(quán)限:
$ kubectl describe clusterrole system:kubelet-api-admin
Name: system:kubelet-api-admin
Labels: kubernetes.io/bootstrapping=rbac-defaults
Annotations: rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate=true
PolicyRule:
Resources Non-Resource URLs Resource Names Verbs
--------- ----------------- -------------- -----
nodes [] [] [get list watch proxy]
nodes/log [] [] [*]
nodes/metrics [] [] [*]
nodes/proxy [] [] [*]
nodes/spec [] [] [*]
nodes/stats [] [] [*]
kublet api 認(rèn)證和授權(quán)
kublet 配置了如下認(rèn)證參數(shù):
- authentication.anonymous.enabled:設(shè)置為 false,不允許匿名?訪問 10250 端口咧叭;
- authentication.x509.clientCAFile:指定簽名客戶端證書的 CA 證書蚀乔,開啟 HTTPs 證書認(rèn)證;
- authentication.webhook.enabled=true:開啟 HTTPs bearer token 認(rèn)證菲茬;
同時(shí)配置了如下授權(quán)參數(shù):
- authroization.mode=Webhook:開啟 RBAC 授權(quán)吉挣;
kubelet 收到請(qǐng)求后派撕,使用 clientCAFile 對(duì)證書簽名進(jìn)行認(rèn)證,或者查詢 bearer token 是否有效睬魂。如果兩者都沒通過终吼,則拒絕請(qǐng)求,提示 Unauthorized:
$ curl -s --cacert /etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem https://192.168.16.237:10250/metrics
Unauthorized
$ curl -s --cacert /etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem -H "Authorization: Bearer 123456" https://192.168.16.237:10250/metrics
Unauthorized
通過認(rèn)證后氯哮,kubelet 使用 SubjectAccessReview API 向 kube-apiserver 發(fā)送請(qǐng)求际跪,查詢證書或 token 對(duì)應(yīng)的 user、group 是否有操作資源的權(quán)限(RBAC)蛙粘;
證書認(rèn)證和授權(quán):
$ # 權(quán)限不足的證書垫卤;
$ curl -s --cacert /etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem --cert /etc/kubernetes/cert/kube-controller-manager.pem --key /etc/kubernetes/cert/kube-controller-manager-key.pem https://192.168.16.237:10250/metrics
Forbidden (user=system:kube-controller-manager, verb=get, resource=nodes, subresource=metrics)
$ # 使用部署 kubectl 命令行工具時(shí)創(chuàng)建的、具有最高權(quán)限的 admin 證書出牧;
$ curl -s --cacert /etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem --cert ./admin.pem --key ./admin-key.pem https://192.168.16.237:10250/metrics|head
# HELP apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds Distribution of the remaining lifetime on the certificate used to authenticate a request.
# TYPE apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds histogram
apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds_bucket{le="0"} 0
apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds_bucket{le="21600"} 0
apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds_bucket{le="43200"} 0
apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds_bucket{le="86400"} 0
apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds_bucket{le="172800"} 0
apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds_bucket{le="345600"} 0
apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds_bucket{le="604800"} 0
apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds_bucket{le="2.592e+06"} 0
-
--cacert
穴肘、--cert
、--key
的參數(shù)值必須是文件路徑舔痕,如上面的./admin.pem
不能省略./
评抚,否則返回401 Unauthorized
;
bear token 認(rèn)證和授權(quán):
創(chuàng)建一個(gè) ServiceAccount伯复,將它和 ClusterRole system:kubelet-api-admin 綁定慨代,從而具有調(diào)用 kubelet API 的權(quán)限:
kubectl create sa kubelet-api-test
kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-api-test --clusterrole=system:kubelet-api-admin --serviceaccount=default:kubelet-api-test
SECRET=$(kubectl get secrets | grep kubelet-api-test | awk '{print $1}')
TOKEN=$(kubectl describe secret ${SECRET} | grep -E '^token' | awk '{print $2}')
echo ${TOKEN}
$ curl -s --cacert /etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem -H "Authorization: Bearer ${TOKEN}" https://192.168.16.237:10250/metrics|head
# HELP apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds Distribution of the remaining lifetime on the certificate used to authenticate a request.
# TYPE apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds histogram
apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds_bucket{le="0"} 0
apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds_bucket{le="21600"} 0
apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds_bucket{le="43200"} 0
apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds_bucket{le="86400"} 0
apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds_bucket{le="172800"} 0
apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds_bucket{le="345600"} 0
apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds_bucket{le="604800"} 0
apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds_bucket{le="2.592e+06"} 0
cadvisor 和 metrics
cadvisor 統(tǒng)計(jì)?所在節(jié)點(diǎn)各容器的資源(CPU、內(nèi)存啸如、磁盤侍匙、網(wǎng)卡)使用情況,分別在自己的 http web 頁面(4194 端口)和 10250 以 promehteus metrics 的形式輸出叮雳。
瀏覽器訪問 http://192.168.16.237:4194/containers/ 可以查看到 cadvisor 的監(jiān)控頁面:
下面這段直接cp原文想暗,沒看懂也沒有做出來,我直接忽略了
瀏覽器訪問 https://172.27.129.80:10250/metrics 和 https://172.27.129.80:10250/metrics/cadvisor 分別返回 kublet 和 cadvisor 的 metrics帘不。
注意:
- kublet.config.json 設(shè)置 authentication.anonymous.enabled 為 false说莫,不允許匿名證書訪問 10250 的 https 服務(wù);
- 參考A.瀏覽器訪問kube-apiserver安全端口.md寞焙,創(chuàng)建和導(dǎo)入相關(guān)證書储狭,然后訪問上面的 10250 端口;
獲取 kublet 的配置
從 kube-apiserver 獲取各 node 的配置:
$ source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
$ # 使用部署 kubectl 命令行工具時(shí)創(chuàng)建的捣郊、具有最高權(quán)限的 admin 證書辽狈;
$ curl -sSL --cacert /etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem --cert ./admin.pem --key ./admin-key.pem ${KUBE_APISERVER}/api/v1/nodes/kube-node1/proxy/configz | jq \
'.kubeletconfig|.kind="KubeletConfiguration"|.apiVersion="kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1"'
{
"syncFrequency": "1m0s",
"fileCheckFrequency": "20s",
"httpCheckFrequency": "20s",
"address": "172.27.129.80",
"port": 10250,
"readOnlyPort": 10255,
"authentication": {
"x509": {},
"webhook": {
"enabled": false,
"cacheTTL": "2m0s"
},
"anonymous": {
"enabled": true
}
},
"authorization": {
"mode": "AlwaysAllow",
"webhook": {
"cacheAuthorizedTTL": "5m0s",
"cacheUnauthorizedTTL": "30s"
}
},
"registryPullQPS": 5,
"registryBurst": 10,
"eventRecordQPS": 5,
"eventBurst": 10,
"enableDebuggingHandlers": true,
"healthzPort": 10248,
"healthzBindAddress": "127.0.0.1",
"oomScoreAdj": -999,
"clusterDomain": "cluster.local.",
"clusterDNS": [
"10.254.0.2"
],
"streamingConnectionIdleTimeout": "4h0m0s",
"nodeStatusUpdateFrequency": "10s",
"imageMinimumGCAge": "2m0s",
"imageGCHighThresholdPercent": 85,
"imageGCLowThresholdPercent": 80,
"volumeStatsAggPeriod": "1m0s",
"cgroupsPerQOS": true,
"cgroupDriver": "cgroupfs",
"cpuManagerPolicy": "none",
"cpuManagerReconcilePeriod": "10s",
"runtimeRequestTimeout": "2m0s",
"hairpinMode": "promiscuous-bridge",
"maxPods": 110,
"podPidsLimit": -1,
"resolvConf": "/etc/resolv.conf",
"cpuCFSQuota": true,
"maxOpenFiles": 1000000,
"contentType": "application/vnd.kubernetes.protobuf",
"kubeAPIQPS": 5,
"kubeAPIBurst": 10,
"serializeImagePulls": false,
"evictionHard": {
"imagefs.available": "15%",
"memory.available": "100Mi",
"nodefs.available": "10%",
"nodefs.inodesFree": "5%"
},
"evictionPressureTransitionPeriod": "5m0s",
"enableControllerAttachDetach": true,
"makeIPTablesUtilChains": true,
"iptablesMasqueradeBit": 14,
"iptablesDropBit": 15,
"featureGates": {
"RotateKubeletClientCertificate": true,
"RotateKubeletServerCertificate": true
},
"failSwapOn": true,
"containerLogMaxSize": "10Mi",
"containerLogMaxFiles": 5,
"enforceNodeAllocatable": [
"pods"
],
"kind": "KubeletConfiguration",
"apiVersion": "kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1"
}
15.部署 kube-proxy 組件
kube-proxy 運(yùn)行在所有 worker 節(jié)點(diǎn)上,模她,它監(jiān)聽 apiserver 中 service 和 Endpoint 的變化情況稻艰,創(chuàng)建路由規(guī)則來進(jìn)行服務(wù)負(fù)載均衡。
本文檔講解部署 kube-proxy 的部署侈净,使用 ipvs 模式尊勿。
下載和分發(fā) kube-proxy 二進(jìn)制文件
參考 06-0.部署master節(jié)點(diǎn).md
安裝依賴包
各節(jié)點(diǎn)需要安裝 ipvsadm
和 ipset
命令僧凤,加載 ip_vs
內(nèi)核模塊。
參考 07-0.部署worker節(jié)點(diǎn).md
創(chuàng)建 kube-proxy 證書
創(chuàng)建證書簽名請(qǐng)求:
cat > kube-proxy-csr.json <<EOF
{
"CN": "system:kube-proxy",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"L": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "4Paradigm"
}
]
}
EOF
- CN:指定該證書的 User 為
system:kube-proxy
元扔; - 預(yù)定義的 RoleBinding
system:node-proxier
將Usersystem:kube-proxy
與 Rolesystem:node-proxier
綁定躯保,該 Role 授予了調(diào)用kube-apiserver
Proxy 相關(guān) API 的權(quán)限; - 該證書只會(huì)被 kube-proxy 當(dāng)做 client 證書使用澎语,所以 hosts 字段為空途事;
生成證書和私鑰:
cfssl gencert -ca=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \
-ca-key=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca-key.pem \
-config=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca-config.json \
-profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy
創(chuàng)建和分發(fā) kubeconfig 文件
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy \
--client-certificate=kube-proxy.pem \
--client-key=kube-proxy-key.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=kube-proxy \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
-
--embed-certs=true
:將 ca.pem 和 admin.pem 證書內(nèi)容嵌入到生成的 kubectl-proxy.kubeconfig 文件中(不加時(shí),寫入的是證書文件路徑)擅羞;
分發(fā) kubeconfig 文件:
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_name in ${NODE_NAMES[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_name}"
scp kube-proxy.kubeconfig k8s@${node_name}:/etc/kubernetes/
done
創(chuàng)建 kube-proxy 配置文件
從 v1.10 開始尸变,kube-proxy 部分參數(shù)可以配置文件中配置〖跚危可以使用 --write-config-to
選項(xiàng)生成該配置文件召烂,或者參考 kubeproxyconfig 的類型定義源文件 :https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/pkg/proxy/apis/kubeproxyconfig/types.go
創(chuàng)建 kube-proxy config 文件模板:
cat >kube-proxy.config.yaml.template <<EOF
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
bindAddress: ##NODE_IP##
clientConnection:
kubeconfig: /etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
clusterCIDR: ${CLUSTER_CIDR}
healthzBindAddress: ##NODE_IP##:10256
hostnameOverride: ##NODE_NAME##
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
metricsBindAddress: ##NODE_IP##:10249
mode: "ipvs"
EOF
-
bindAddress
: 監(jiān)聽地址; -
clientConnection.kubeconfig
: 連接 apiserver 的 kubeconfig 文件娃承; -
clusterCIDR
: kube-proxy 根據(jù)--cluster-cidr
判斷集群內(nèi)部和外部流量奏夫,指定--cluster-cidr
或--masquerade-all
選項(xiàng)后 kube-proxy 才會(huì)對(duì)訪問 Service IP 的請(qǐng)求做 SNAT; -
hostnameOverride
: 參數(shù)值必須與 kubelet 的值一致历筝,否則 kube-proxy 啟動(dòng)后會(huì)找不到該 Node酗昼,從而不會(huì)創(chuàng)建任何 ipvs 規(guī)則; -
mode
: 使用 ipvs 模式梳猪;
為各節(jié)點(diǎn)創(chuàng)建和分發(fā) kube-proxy 配置文件:
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for (( i=0; i < 3; i++ ))
do
echo ">>> ${NODE_NAMES[i]}"
sed -e "s/##NODE_NAME##/${NODE_NAMES[i]}/" -e "s/##NODE_IP##/${NODE_IPS[i]}/" kube-proxy.config.yaml.template > kube-proxy-${NODE_NAMES[i]}.config.yaml
scp kube-proxy-${NODE_NAMES[i]}.config.yaml root@${NODE_NAMES[i]}:/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.config.yaml
done
替換后的 kube-proxy.config.yaml 文件:kube-proxy.config.yaml
創(chuàng)建和分發(fā) kube-proxy systemd unit 文件
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
cat > kube-proxy.service <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kube-Proxy Server
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
After=network.target
[Service]
WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/kube-proxy
ExecStart=/opt/k8s/bin/kube-proxy \\
--config=/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.config.yaml \\
--alsologtostderr=true \\
--logtostderr=false \\
--log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes \\
--v=2
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
替換后的 unit 文件:kube-proxy.service
分發(fā) kube-proxy systemd unit 文件:
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_name in ${NODE_NAMES[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_name}"
scp kube-proxy.service root@${node_name}:/etc/systemd/system/
done
啟動(dòng) kube-proxy 服務(wù)
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_ip} "mkdir -p /var/lib/kube-proxy"
ssh root@${node_ip} "mkdir -p /var/log/kubernetes && chown -R k8s /var/log/kubernetes"
ssh root@${node_ip} "systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable kube-proxy && systemctl restart kube-proxy"
done
- 必須先創(chuàng)建工作和日志目錄麻削;
檢查啟動(dòng)結(jié)果
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh k8s@${node_ip} "systemctl status kube-proxy|grep Active"
done
確保狀態(tài)為 active (running)
,否則查看日志春弥,確認(rèn)原因:
journalctl -u kube-proxy
查看監(jiān)聽端口和 metrics
[k8s@kube-node1 ~]$ sudo netstat -lnpt|grep kube-prox
tcp 0 0 192.168.16.237:10249 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 16847/kube-proxy
tcp 0 0 192.168.16.237:10256 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 16847/kube-proxy
- 10249:http prometheus metrics port;
- 10256:http healthz port;
查看 ipvs 路由規(guī)則
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_ip} "/usr/sbin/ipvsadm -ln"
done
預(yù)期輸出:
>>> 192.168.16.237
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 10.254.0.1:443 rr persistent 10800
-> 192.168.16.237:6443 Masq 1 0 0
>>>192.168.16.238
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 10.254.0.1:443 rr persistent 10800
-> 192.168.16.237:6443 Masq 1 0 0
>>>192.168.16.239
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 10.254.0.1:443 rr persistent 10800
-> 192.168.16.237:6443 Masq 1 0 0
可見將所有到 kubernetes cluster ip 443 端口的請(qǐng)求都轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)到 kube-apiserver 的 6443 端口碟婆;
16. 驗(yàn)證集群功能
本文檔使用 daemonset 驗(yàn)證 master 和 worker 節(jié)點(diǎn)是否工作正常。
檢查節(jié)點(diǎn)狀態(tài)
$ kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
kube-node1 Ready <none> 3h v1.10.4
kube-node2 Ready <none> 3h v1.10.4
kube-node3 Ready <none> 3h v1.10.4
都為 Ready 時(shí)正常惕稻。
創(chuàng)建測(cè)試文件
$ cat > nginx-ds.yml <<EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: nginx-ds
labels:
app: nginx-ds
spec:
type: NodePort
selector:
app: nginx-ds
ports:
- name: http
port: 80
targetPort: 80
---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: nginx-ds
labels:
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
spec:
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: nginx-ds
spec:
containers:
- name: my-nginx
image: nginx:1.7.9
ports:
- containerPort: 80
EOF
執(zhí)行定義文件
$ kubectl create -f nginx-ds.yml
service "nginx-ds" created
daemonset.extensions "nginx-ds" created
檢查各 Node 上的 Pod IP 連通性
$ kubectl get pods -o wide|grep nginx-ds
nginx-ds-dbn97 1/1 Running 0 2m 172.30.29.2 kube-node2
nginx-ds-rk777 1/1 Running 0 2m 172.30.81.2 kube-node1
nginx-ds-tr9g5 1/1 Running 0 2m 172.30.39.2 kube-node3
可見,nginx-ds 的 Pod IP 分別是 172.30.39.2
蝙叛、172.30.81.2
俺祠、172.30.29.2
,在所有 Node 上分別 ping 這三個(gè) IP借帘,看是否連通:
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh ${node_ip} "ping -c 1 172.30.39.2"
ssh ${node_ip} "ping -c 1 172.30.81.2"
ssh ${node_ip} "ping -c 1 172.30.29.2"
done
檢查服務(wù) IP 和端口可達(dá)性
$ kubectl get svc |grep nginx-ds
nginx-ds NodePort 10.254.254.228 <none> 80:8900/TCP 4m
可見:
- Service Cluster IP:10.254.254.228
- 服務(wù)端口:80
- NodePort 端口:8900
在所有 Node 上 curl Service IP:
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh ${node_ip} "curl 10.254.254.228"
done
預(yù)期輸出 nginx 歡迎頁面內(nèi)容蜘渣。
檢查服務(wù)的 NodePort 可達(dá)性
在所有 Node 上執(zhí)行:
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh ${node_ip} "curl ${node_ip}:8900"
done
預(yù)期輸出 nginx 歡迎頁面內(nèi)容。
17. kubectl 常用命令及排查
查看集群信息
kubectl cluster-info
查看所有命名空間的pods
kubectl get pods --all-namespaces
顯示Pod的更多信息
kubectl get pods --all-namespaces -o wide
查看rc和service列表
kubectl get rc,service
查看所有命名空間的servers
kubectl get svc --all-namespaces
查看pod日志
kubectl logs -f kubernetes-dashboard-86497fb476-brbz8 -n kube-system
顯示Node的詳細(xì)信息
kubectl describe nodes <node-name>
顯示Pod的詳細(xì)信息
kubectl describe pods/<pod-name>
顯示由RC管理的Pod的信息
kubectl describe pods <rc-name>
創(chuàng)建服務(wù)
kubectl create -f nginx.yaml
刪除服務(wù)
kubectl delete -f nginx.yaml
執(zhí)行容器的命令
執(zhí)行Pod的data命令肺然,默認(rèn)是用Pod中的第一個(gè)容器執(zhí)行
kubectl exec <pod-name> data
指定Pod中某個(gè)容器執(zhí)行data命令
kubectl exec <pod-name> -c <container-name> data
通過bash獲得Pod中某個(gè)容器的TTY蔫缸,相當(dāng)于登錄容器
kubectl exec -it <pod-name> -c <container-name> bash
待更新