準(zhǔn)備工作

• 從官網(wǎng)下載安裝 VS Code: https://code.visualstudio.com/

• VS Code 本身只是一個(gè)代碼編輯器, 需要手動(dòng)添加編譯器扔字、調(diào)試器

  • 這里選擇MSVC(cl, cdb)和MinGW(gcc/g++, gdb)
  • MSVC可以通過(guò)VS安裝器安裝忧陪，MinGW從官網(wǎng)對(duì)應(yīng)Host下載安裝 MinGW: http://mingw-w64.org/doku.php/download(threads考慮跨平臺(tái)選擇posix標(biāo)準(zhǔn))
  • 安裝完以后將MinGW和MSVC的目錄的bin文件夾添加到環(huán)境變量 Path 路徑
    ( CMD 輸入g++ -v和cl驗(yàn)證是否安裝完成)

C++項(xiàng)目創(chuàng)建

• 手動(dòng)創(chuàng)建一個(gè)工程目錄, 例如MyProjects, 用來(lái)存放代碼
• 用VS Code打開該工程目錄進(jìn)行配置和coding
• 推薦用這種方式來(lái)創(chuàng)建一個(gè)工程,方便識(shí)別
• 在當(dāng)前工程目錄下創(chuàng)建一個(gè).vscode文件夾

共存兩種編譯方式

• 首先是創(chuàng)建編譯任務(wù)配置文件tasks.json和MSVC,MinGW文件夾,分別包含用cl和g++編譯兩個(gè)任務(wù)以及存放相關(guān)文件, 主要參數(shù)是args編譯選項(xiàng):
  tasks.json

{
    "tasks": [
        {
            "type": "shell",
            "label": "cl.exe build",
            "command": "cl.exe",
            "args": [
                //頭文件路徑
                "/I'D:\\Programs\\Microsoft Visual Studio\\2019\\Community\\VC\\Tools\\MSVC\\14.24.28314\\include'",
                "/I'C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Kits\\10\\Include\\10.0.18362.0\\shared'",
                "/I'C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Kits\\10\\Include\\10.0.18362.0\\ucrt'",
                "/I'C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Kits\\10\\Include\\10.0.18362.0\\um'",
                "${file}",
                "/Zi", //生成調(diào)試信息
                "/EHsc", //打開異常處理
                "/Fo:${fileDirname}\\MSVC\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.obj", //目標(biāo)文件
                "/Fe:${fileDirname}\\MSVC\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe", //可執(zhí)行文件
                "/link", //鏈接標(biāo)志
                //庫(kù)文件路徑
                "/libpath:'D:\\Programs\\Microsoft Visual Studio\\2019\\Community\\VC\\Tools\\MSVC\\14.24.28314\\lib\\x64'",
                "/libpath:'C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Kits\\10\\Lib\\10.0.18362.0\\ucrt\\x64'",
                "/libpath:'C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Kits\\10\\Lib\\10.0.18362.0\\um\\x64'"
            ],
            "group": {
                "kind": "build",
                "isDefault": true
            },
            "presentation": {
                "reveal": "always"
            },
            "problemMatcher": "$msCompile"
        },
        {
            "type": "shell",
            "label": "g++.exe build",
            "command": "g++.exe",
            "args": [
                "-g",
                "${file}",
                "-o",
                "${fileDirname}\\MinGW\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",
                //頭文件路徑
                "-I D:\\Programs\\mingw-w64\\x86_64-8.1.0-posix-seh-rt_v6-rev0\\mingw64\\x86_64-w64-mingw32\\include",
                //庫(kù)文件路徑
                "-L D:\\Programs\\mingw-w64\\x86_64-8.1.0-posix-seh-rt_v6-rev0\\mingw64\\x86_64-w64-mingw32\\lib"
            ],
            "options": {
                "cwd": "D:\\Programs\\mingw-w64\\x86_64-8.1.0-posix-seh-rt_v6-rev0\\mingw64\\bin"
            },
            "problemMatcher": [
                "$gcc"
            ]
        }
    ],

    "version": "2.0.0"
}

• 創(chuàng)建完成以后可以先單獨(dú)測(cè)試編譯, 置前當(dāng)前需要編譯的源文件(這個(gè)即為${file}), 然后點(diǎn)擊Terminal => Run Task,按照標(biāo)簽分別測(cè)試兩個(gè)compiler:

build.PNG

• 編譯沒(méi)問(wèn)題以后,下面就是配置啟動(dòng)和Debugger, 在.vscode中創(chuàng)建一個(gè)名為launch.json的文件, 主要是通過(guò)type來(lái)指定debugger和preLaunchTask將之前的兩個(gè)編譯tasks作為前置任務(wù)先執(zhí)行(注意這里可以將externalConsole設(shè)置為false來(lái)創(chuàng)建一個(gè)console的子進(jìn)程避免打開額外的進(jìn)程窗口):

launch.json

{
    "version": "0.2.0",
    
    "configurations": [
        //cdb
        {
            "name": "cl.exe build and debug",
            "type": "cppvsdbg",
            "request": "launch",
            "program": "MSVC\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",
            "args": [],
            "stopAtEntry": false,
            "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
            "environment": [],
            "externalConsole": false, //子進(jìn)程console
            "preLaunchTask": "cl.exe build",
            "logging": {
                "moduleLoad": false
            },
        },
        //gdb
        {
            "name": "g++.exe build and debug active file",
            "type": "cppdbg",
            "request": "launch",
            "program": "${fileDirname}\\MinGW\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",
            "args": [],
            "stopAtEntry": false,
            "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
            "environment": [],
            "externalConsole": false,
            "MIMode": "gdb",
            "miDebuggerPath": "gdb.exe",
            "setupCommands": [
                {
                    "description": "為 gdb 啟用整齊打印",
                    "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
                    "ignoreFailures": true
                }
            ],
            "preLaunchTask": "g++.exe build"
        }
    ]
}

• 啟動(dòng)方法是選中錨點(diǎn)文件${file}, 例如這里的test.cpp, 點(diǎn)擊左側(cè)的Run圖標(biāo),然后在左上角選擇相應(yīng)name的runner,cdb可以在下方的debug console查看信息,gdb直接在terminal查看:
  
  runner.png

(后記:對(duì)于多源文件和方便性可以使用CMake,參考我的這一篇VS Code C++ CMake工具編譯,本文可以幫助復(fù)習(xí)一下編譯工具相關(guān)的知識(shí))