Evolving Our Bodies 3

And a lot of people are very scared by this stuff.?

ps:很多人都被這些東西嚇壞了沙峻。

a lot of許多

people人;?人們;?大家;?人民，國民;?民族;?種族;?居住在;?把…擠滿人;?住滿居民;?person的復(fù)數(shù)

very很，非常瘪弓，十分，極;?(強(qiáng)調(diào)形容詞最高級(jí)或置于own前)完全恳蹲，十足;?完全同樣;?完全同一;?正是的查辩，恰好的骏全，同一的;?最…的，極端的肪康，十足的;?僅僅的荚恶，唯獨(dú)的，甚至于

scared害怕;?恐懼;?畏懼;?擔(dān)心;?驚嚇;?使害怕;?使恐懼;?受驚嚇;?scare的過去分詞和過去式

stuff東西磷支，物品裆甩，玩意兒;?活兒，話齐唆，念頭嗤栓，東西;?基本特征;?特質(zhì);?根本;?基礎(chǔ);?原料;?填滿;?裝滿;?塞滿;?灌滿;?把…塞進(jìn);?在里填入;?給…裝餡

And it does sound scary, and there are risks to this stuff.?

So why in the world would you ever want to do this stuff??

Why would we really want to alter the human body in a fundamental way?

ps:為什么我們真的想從根本上改變?nèi)梭w？

Why為什么箍邮，為何;?何必;?為什么茉帅，…的原因;?哎呀，呦锭弊，喲堪澎，嗨;?原因;理由;說明;難解的問題

would(will的過去式，用于轉(zhuǎn)述)將味滞，將會(huì);?帶出想象的結(jié)果;?就會(huì);?想要;?希望;?愿意;?喜歡;?立定志向;?決心;?決意;?立遺囑將贈(zèng)與;?立遺囑贈(zèng)與;?will的過去式

really事實(shí)上樱蛤，真正地，真實(shí)地;?確實(shí)剑鞍，的確;?加強(qiáng)形容詞或副詞的語氣

want to應(yīng)該

alter改變昨凡，更改，改動(dòng);?修改

human body人體

fundamental十分重大的;?根本的;?基礎(chǔ)的;?基本的;?不能再分的;?基本規(guī)律;?根本法則;?基本原理;?基礎(chǔ)

The answer lies in part with Lord Rees, astronomer royal of Great Britain.?

ps:答案部分在于英國皇家天文學(xué)家里斯勛爵蚁署。

answer答復(fù);?回答;?答案便脊，正確答案;?解決辦法，答案;?適合;?符合;?比得上;?相配

lies躺;?平躺;?平臥;?平放;?處于光戈，保留哪痰，保持;?說謊;?撒謊;?編造謊言;?謊言;?位置;?謊話;?lie的第三人稱單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)

in part在某種程度上;?部分地

Lord貴族;?勛爵;?閣下，大人久妆，大臣;?使成貴族;?作威作福晌杰，稱王稱霸

Rees里斯

Great Britain大不列顛

And one of his favorite sayings is the universe is 100 percent malevolent.?

ps:他最喜歡的一句話是宇宙是100%邪惡的。

one of…之一

his他的;?上帝的;?屬于上帝的;?屬于他的

favorite特別受喜愛的;?特別喜愛的人筷弦；受寵的人肋演；得到偏愛的人;?寵臣；親信，心腹;?最有希望獲勝者

sayings諺語;?格言;?警句;?saying的復(fù)數(shù)

universe宇宙;?天地萬物;?萬象;?經(jīng)驗(yàn)體系

percent百分之…

malevolent有惡意的;?有壞心腸的

So what does that mean??

It means if you take any one of your bodies at random, drop it anywhere in the universe, drop it in space, you die.?

ps:這意味著惋啃，如果你隨機(jī)拿走你的任何一個(gè)身體哼鬓，把它扔到宇宙的任何地方监右，扔到太空边灭，你就死定了。

means方式;?方法;?途徑;?財(cái)富;?錢財(cái);?表示…的意思;?意思是;?本意是;?打算;?意欲;?有…的目的;?mean的第三人稱單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)

any one任何一個(gè)的

bodies身體;?軀體;?軀干;?尸體;?死尸;?body的第三人稱單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)

at random胡亂地;?隨便地;?任意地;?隨機(jī)地;?偶然地

drop it終止談?wù)摻『校灰務(wù)撊奘荩劦酱藶橹?/p>

anywhere(用于否定句和疑問句，代替somewhere)在任何地方;?在任何地方;?隨便哪個(gè)地方

universe宇宙;?天地萬物;?萬象;?經(jīng)驗(yàn)體系

drop落下扣癣，掉下惰帽，使落下;?降下，使降落;?累倒;?累垮;?滴;?水珠;?少量;?微量;?一點(diǎn)點(diǎn);?下降;?下跌;?減少

in space宇宙中父虑；空中

die死;?死亡;?凋謝;?消失;?消亡;?滅亡;?停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn);?模具;?沖模;?壓模

Drop it on the Sun, you die. Drop it on the surface of Mercury, you die. Drop it near a supernova, you die.?

ps:把它丟在太陽上该酗，你就死定了。把它扔到水銀表面士嚎，你就死定了呜魄。把它扔到超新星附近，你就死定了莱衩。

Sun太陽;?日;?太陽的光和熱;?陽光;?日光;?恒星;?曬太陽

die死;?死亡;?凋謝;?消失;?消亡;?滅亡;?停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn);?模具;?沖模;?壓模

Drop落下爵嗅，掉下，使落下;?降下笨蚁，使降落;?累倒;?累垮;?滴;?水珠;?少量;?微量;?一點(diǎn)點(diǎn);?下降;?下跌;?減少

on the surface of上面

Mercury水星;?汞;?水銀

near距離近;?不遠(yuǎn);?不久以后;?隨后;?接近;?距離不遠(yuǎn);?在附近;?幾乎;?差不多;?在…附近;?靠近;?臨近;?大約睹晒，上下;?接近，靠近括细，臨近

supernova超新星

But fortunately, it's only about 80 percent effective.?

So as a great physicist once said, there's these little upstream eddies of biology that create order in this rapid torrent of entropy.?

ps:正如一位偉大的物理學(xué)家曾經(jīng)說過的伪很，在這股快速的熵洪流中，正是這些生物的小上游漩渦創(chuàng)造了秩序奋单。

So as只要;?用于否定句和疑問句;?像…般那樣

physicist物理學(xué)家;?物理學(xué)研究者

upstream向上游;?逆流

eddies旋渦是掰，渦流;?起旋渦;?旋轉(zhuǎn);?eddy的第三人稱單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)

biology生物學(xué);?生理

create創(chuàng)造;?創(chuàng)作;?創(chuàng)建;?造成，引起辱匿，產(chǎn)生;?授予;?冊(cè)封

order in命令進(jìn)入;?訂購

rapid瞬間的;?短時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的;?迅速的;?快速的;?快捷的

torrent急流;?激流;?湍流;?洪流;?迸發(fā);?連發(fā);?狂潮

entropy無序狀態(tài)測量法;?熵;?無序狀態(tài)

So as the universe dissipates energy, there's these upstream eddies that create biological order.?

ps:所以當(dāng)宇宙耗散能量時(shí)键痛，這些上游的漩渦創(chuàng)造了生物秩序。

So as只要;?用于否定句和疑問句;?像…般那樣

universe宇宙;?天地萬物;?萬象;?經(jīng)驗(yàn)體系

dissipates消散匾七，消失;?驅(qū)散;?揮霍絮短，浪費(fèi)，消磨;?dissipate的第三人稱單數(shù)

energy精力;?活力;?干勁;?力量;?能源

upstream向上游;?逆流

eddies旋渦昨忆，渦流;?起旋渦;?旋轉(zhuǎn);?eddy的第三人稱單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)

create創(chuàng)造;?創(chuàng)作;?創(chuàng)建;?造成丁频，引起，產(chǎn)生;?授予;?冊(cè)封

biological生物學(xué)的;?生物的;?與生命過程有關(guān)的;?加酶的;?生物制品;?生物制劑

Now, the problem with eddies is, they tend to disappear. They shift. They move in rivers.?

ps;現(xiàn)在，漩渦的問題是席里，它們往往會(huì)消失叔磷。他們轉(zhuǎn)移。它們?cè)诤永锘顒?dòng)奖磁。

Now現(xiàn)在;?目前;?此刻;?從現(xiàn)在開始;?表示厭煩;?既然;?由于

problem棘手的問題;?難題;?困難;?邏輯題;?數(shù)學(xué)題;?找麻煩的;?成問題的;?惹亂子的

with和…在一起;?和;?同;?跟;?有;?具有;?帶有;?用;?使用;?以;?借

eddies旋渦改基，渦流;?起旋渦;?旋轉(zhuǎn);?eddy的第三人稱單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)

they他們;?她們;?它們;?用以代替he或she，指性別不詳?shù)娜??人們咖为，人人秕狰，眾人

tend to傾向于;?有助于

disappear消失;?不見;?不復(fù)存在;?滅絕;?消亡;?失蹤;?丟失

shift轉(zhuǎn)移;?挪動(dòng);?趕快;?快速移動(dòng);?變換;?更替;?變動(dòng);?改變;?轉(zhuǎn)換;?班;?輪班;?輪班工作時(shí)間;?輪班職工

move in搬來;?遷入;?逼近，進(jìn)逼;?插手;?涉足

rivers河;?江;?涌流;?river的復(fù)數(shù)

And because of that, when an eddy shifts, when the Earth becomes a snowball, when the Earth becomes very hot, when the Earth gets hit by an asteroid, when you have supervolcanoes, when you have solar flares, when you have potentially extinction-level events like the next election,? then all of a sudden, you can have periodic extinctions.?

ps:正因?yàn)槿绱嗽耆荆?dāng)漩渦移動(dòng)時(shí)鸣哀，當(dāng)?shù)厍蜃兂裳┣驎r(shí)，當(dāng)?shù)厍蜃兊梅浅釙r(shí)吞彤，當(dāng)?shù)厍虮恍⌒行亲矒魰r(shí)我衬，當(dāng)你有超級(jí)火山時(shí)，當(dāng)你有太陽耀斑時(shí)饰恕，當(dāng)你有像下一次選舉這樣的潛在滅絕級(jí)事件時(shí)挠羔，突然之間，你可以有周期性的滅絕懂盐。

because of因?yàn)槿焐蓿捎冖賐ecause of是復(fù)合介詞，其后可接名詞莉恼、代詞拌喉、動(dòng)名詞或由what引導(dǎo)的從句。②because of一般引導(dǎo)狀語俐银，不引導(dǎo)表語尿背；但當(dāng)主語是代詞時(shí)，because of短語在句中可用作表語捶惜。

eddy旋渦田藐，渦流;?起旋渦;?旋轉(zhuǎn)

shifts轉(zhuǎn)移;?挪動(dòng);?趕快;?快速移動(dòng);?變換;?更替;?變動(dòng);?改變;?轉(zhuǎn)換;?班;?輪班;?輪班工作時(shí)間;?輪班職工;?shift的第三人稱單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)

snowball雪球;?滾雪球般發(fā)展的情形;?雪球雞尾酒;?滾雪球般迅速增大

asteroid小行星

flares燒旺;?燃燒;?閃耀;?突發(fā);?加劇;?發(fā)怒地說;?粗暴地說;?flare的第三人稱單數(shù)

potentially潛在地

all of a sudden突然地;出乎意料地

periodic間發(fā)性的;?定期的;?周期的

And by the way, that's happened five times on Earth,? and therefore it is very likely that the human species on Earth is going to go extinct someday.?

ps:順便說一下，這種情況在地球上已經(jīng)發(fā)生過五次了吱七，因此很可能有一天地球上的人類物種會(huì)滅絕汽久。

by the way順便地;附帶說一句

happened發(fā)生，出現(xiàn);?出現(xiàn)踊餐，發(fā)生;?碰巧;?恰好;?happen的過去分詞和過去式

five五

and therefore因此景醇，為此

species種，物種

Earth世界;?地球;?陸地;?地面;?大地;?土;?泥;?泥土;?把接地

extinct不再存在的;?已滅絕的;?絕種的;?絕跡的;?消亡了的;?廢除了的;?不再活躍的;?死的

someday某一天;有朝一日

Not next week, not next month, maybe in November, but maybe 10,000 years after that.?

As you're thinking of the consequence of that, if you believe that extinctions are common and natural and normal and occur periodically, it becomes a moral imperative to diversify our species.

ps:當(dāng)你想到這一點(diǎn)的后果時(shí)吝岭，如果你相信滅絕是普遍的三痰、自然的和正常的吧寺，并且周期性地發(fā)生，那么使我們的物種多樣化就成了道德上的當(dāng)務(wù)之急

thinking思想;?思考;?思維;?想法;?見解;?思想的;?有理智的;?有思考力的;?認(rèn)為;?以為;?想;?思索;?琢磨;?think的現(xiàn)在分詞

consequence結(jié)果;?后果;?重要性

normal典型的;?正常的;?一般的;?精神正常的;?意識(shí)健全的;?常態(tài);?通常標(biāo)準(zhǔn);?一般水平

occur發(fā)生;?出現(xiàn);?存在于;?出現(xiàn)在

periodically定期;?周期性;?定期出版地

becomes開始變得;?變成;?適合;?與…相稱;?使顯得漂亮;?使好看;?become的第三人稱單數(shù)

moral道德的;?道義上的;?道德上的;?品行端正的;?有道德的;?品行散劫，道德;?寓意;?教益

imperative重要緊急的;?迫切的;?急需處理的;?表示權(quán)威的;?表示命令的;?祈使的;?重要緊急的事;?必要的事;?祈使語氣;?祈使語氣動(dòng)詞

diversify增加…的品種;?從事多種經(jīng)營;?擴(kuò)大業(yè)務(wù)范圍;?多樣化稚机，變化，不同

species種获搏，物種

And it becomes a moral imperative because it's going to be really hard to live on Mars if we don't fundamentally modify the human body. Right??

You go from one cell, mom and dad coming together to make one cell, in a cascade to 10 trillion cells.?

ps:你從一個(gè)細(xì)胞走出來赖条，爸爸媽媽一起組成一個(gè)細(xì)胞，一級(jí)一級(jí)地變成10萬億個(gè)細(xì)胞颜凯。

You你;?您;?你們;?與名詞及形容詞連用谋币，直接稱呼某人;?泛指任何人

go from從…處出發(fā)

one一;?(正式用語或表強(qiáng)調(diào)仗扬，用在hundred症概、thousand等或度量單位之前)一;?單獨(dú)一個(gè)，僅僅一個(gè);?用來避免重復(fù)已提過的或是聽者已知的事物的名稱;?用于辨別所談的人或事;?其中的一個(gè)人

cell單間牢房;?牢房;?小房間;?細(xì)胞

coming到來早芭，來臨;?即將發(fā)生的;?下一個(gè)的;?來;?來到;?到達(dá)彼城，抵達(dá);?來做;?來取;?來拿;?come的現(xiàn)在分詞

together在一起;?共同;?以使接觸;?到一起;?關(guān)系密切;?有婚姻關(guān)系;?自信而妥實(shí)的

cascade小瀑布;?傾瀉;?流注;?大簇的下垂物;?大量落下;?大量垂懸

trillion萬億;?兆;?大量;?無數(shù);?百萬兆

cells單間牢房;?牢房;?小房間;?細(xì)胞;?cell的復(fù)數(shù)

We don't know, if you change the gravity substantially, if the same thing will happen to create your body.?

ps:我們不知道，如果你實(shí)質(zhì)性地改變重力退个，是否同樣的事情會(huì)發(fā)生在你的身體上募壕。

know知道;?知悉;?了解;?認(rèn)識(shí)到;?懂得;?意識(shí)到;?確信;?確知;?肯定

change改變;?變化;?使不同;?變換，改換语盈，變成;?變更;?變革;?替代;?更換;?替代物

gravity重力;?地球引力;?嚴(yán)重性;?嚴(yán)肅;?莊嚴(yán)

substantially非常;?大大地;?基本上;?大體上;?總的來說

same同一的;?相同的;?相同的舱馅，一模一樣的;?同樣的事物，相同的事物;?相同刀荒，一樣;?同一個(gè)人;?同樣

thing東西;?物;?物件;?物品;?事物;?用品代嗤，衣服;?用具

will談及將來;?愿，要缠借，會(huì)干毅，定要;?煩勞別人做事時(shí)用;?想要;?希望;?愿意;?喜歡;?立定志向;?決心;?決意;?立遺囑將贈(zèng)與;?立遺囑贈(zèng)與;?意志;?毅力;?自制力;?意愿;?心愿;?遺囑

happen to發(fā)生在…身上

create創(chuàng)造;?創(chuàng)作;?創(chuàng)建;?造成，引起泼返，產(chǎn)生;?授予;?冊(cè)封

body身體;?軀體;?軀干;?尸體;?死尸;?賦予形體

We do know that if you expose our bodies as they currently are to a lot of radiation, we will die.?

ps:我們知道硝逢，如果你讓我們的身體暴露在大量輻射下，我們會(huì)死的绅喉。

know知道;?知悉;?了解;?認(rèn)識(shí)到;?懂得;?意識(shí)到;?確信;?確知;?肯定

expose陳述渠鸽，闡述，揭露;?暴露;?顯露;?露出;?揭露;?揭穿;?使面臨柴罐，使遭受

bodies身體;?軀體;?軀干;?尸體;?死尸;?body的第三人稱單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)

they他們;?她們;?它們;?用以代替he或she徽缚，指性別不詳?shù)娜??人們，人人丽蝎，眾人

currently現(xiàn)時(shí);?目前;?當(dāng)前;?時(shí)下

a lot of許多

radiation輻射;?放射線;?輻射的熱;?放射療法

will談及將來;?愿猎拨，要膀藐，會(huì)，定要;?煩勞別人做事時(shí)用;?想要;?希望;?愿意;?喜歡;?立定志向;?決心;?決意;?立遺囑將贈(zèng)與;?立遺囑贈(zèng)與;?意志;?毅力;?自制力;?意愿;?心愿;?遺囑

die死;?死亡;?凋謝;?消失;?消亡;?滅亡;?停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn);?模具;?沖模;?壓模

So as you're thinking of that, you have to really redesign things just to get to Mars.?

Forget about the moons of Neptune or Jupiter.?

ps:忘掉海王星或木星的衛(wèi)星吧红省。

Forget about忘記……

moons月球;?月亮;?月相;?衛(wèi)星;?以屁股示人;?moon的第三人稱單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)

Neptune海王星

Jupiter木星

Exercises:

1.What does?Enriquez mean when he says the?universe is 100 percent malevolent?

Humans can't survive anywhere other than Earth.

2.According to?Enriquez , what is?a moral imperative for the human race?

using prosthetics to enhance the human species.

3.If human beings want to live on Mars ,

they will need to modify their bodies to survive.

4.If something is moral imperative,

?it must be done for the humman good.

Fill in the blanks：

We do know that if you expose our bodies as they currently are to a lot of radiation, we will die.?So as you're thinking of that, you have to really redesign things just to get to Mars.?

And to borrow from Nikolai Kardashev, let's think about life in a series of scales.?

So Life One civilization is a civilization that begins to alter his or her looks.?

And we've been doing that for thousands of years.?

You've got tummy tucks and you've got this and you've got that.?

ps:你有肚子额各，你有這個(gè)，你有那個(gè)吧恃。

You你;?您;?你們;?與名詞及形容詞連用虾啦，直接稱呼某人;?泛指任何人

've(=value engineering)價(jià)值工程學(xué);?同“have”

got得到(get的過去式和過去分詞);?抓住

tummy胃;?肚子

tucks塞進(jìn)，折疊痕寓，卷起;?把…塞進(jìn)狹窄的空間;?把…藏入;?收藏;?用…蓋住;?用

You alter your looks and I'm told that not all of those alterations take place for medical reasons.

ps:你改變了你的容貌傲醉，我被告知并非所有這些改變都是出于醫(yī)學(xué)原因。

alter改變呻率，更改硬毕，改動(dòng);?修改

looks看;?瞧;?查找;?眼神;?表情;?神情;?臉色;?尋找;?尋求;?注意;?留心;?留神;?look的第三人稱單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)

told講;?講述

all of一共;?足足;?至少

those用來對(duì)已經(jīng)提及的事物作補(bǔ)充說明;?人們;人;?那些;?用于提供更多的細(xì)節(jié)、信息

alterations改變;?變化;?更改;?改動(dòng);?alteration的復(fù)數(shù)

take place發(fā)生;?舉行

medical傷病的;?疾病的;?醫(yī)療的;?內(nèi)科的;?體格檢查

reasons原因;?理由;?解釋;?正當(dāng)理由;?道理;?情理;?思考力;?理解力;?理性;?推理;?推論;?推斷;?思

Seems odd.

A Life Two civilization is a different civilization.?

A Life Two civilization alters fundamental aspects of the body.?

So you put human growth hormone in, the person grows taller, or you put x in and the person gets fatter or loses metabolism or does a whole series of things,? but you're altering the functions in a fundamental way.?

ps:所以你把人的生長激素放進(jìn)去礼仗，這個(gè)人長得更高吐咳，或者你放x進(jìn)去，這個(gè)人變得更胖元践，或者失去新陳代謝韭脊，或者做了一系列的事情，但是你正在從根本上改變這些功能单旁。

human growth hormone人體生長激素(縮略形式為HGH)

grows擴(kuò)大;?增加;?增強(qiáng);?長大;?長高;?發(fā)育;?成長;?生長;?grow的第三人稱單數(shù)

taller高的;?高大的;?有…高沪羔，身高;?tall的比較級(jí)

fatter肥的;?肥胖的;?厚的;?寬大的;?大量的;?值錢的;?fat的比較級(jí)

loses遺失;?丟失;?損失，喪失象浑，失去;?被…奪去;?lose的第三人稱單數(shù)

metabolism新陳代謝

whole全部的;?整體的;?完全的;?所有的;?整個(gè)的;?完整的;?完好無損的;?整個(gè);?整體;?全部;?全體;?所有

altering改變蔫饰，更改，改動(dòng);?修改;?alter的現(xiàn)在分詞

functions作用;?功能;?職能;?機(jī)能;?社交聚會(huì);?典禮;?宴會(huì);?函數(shù);?起作用;?正常工作;?運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn);?function的第三人稱單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)

fundamental十分重大的;?根本的;?基礎(chǔ)的;?基本的;?不能再分的;?基本規(guī)

To become an intrasolar civilization, we're going to have to create a Life Three civilization,? and that looks very different from what we've got here.?

ps:要成為一個(gè)太陽系內(nèi)的文明融柬，我們必須創(chuàng)造一個(gè)生命三文明死嗦，這看起來與我們?cè)谶@里所擁有的非常不同。

civilization文明;?社會(huì)文明;?文明世界;?文明社會(huì)

going離去;?去;?離開;?進(jìn)展速度;?難度;?地面狀況;?常去…的;?走;?移動(dòng)粒氧，旅行越除，行走;?go的現(xiàn)在分詞

have to必須;?不得不;?勸告或建議時(shí)用;?表示一定真實(shí)或肯定發(fā)生

create創(chuàng)造;?創(chuàng)作;?創(chuàng)建;?造成，引起外盯，產(chǎn)生;?授予;?冊(cè)封

Three三

and that而且摘盆，并且

looks看;?瞧;?查找;?眼神;?表情;?神情;?臉色;?尋找;?尋求;?注意;?留心;?留神;?look的第三人稱單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)

've(=value engineering)價(jià)值工程學(xué);?同“have”

got得到(get的過去式和過去分詞);?抓住

Maybe you splice in Deinococcus radiodurans so that the cells can resplice after a lot of exposure to radiation.?

ps:也許你在耐輻射球菌中剪接，這樣細(xì)胞在大量輻射后可以重新呼吸

Maybe大概饱苟，或許孩擂，可能;?或許，也許;?或許

splice絞接箱熬，捻接;?膠接类垦，粘接;?膠接處;?粘接處;?絞接處

so that因此;?以便

cells單間牢房;?牢房;?小房間;?細(xì)胞;?cell的復(fù)數(shù)

after在…后;?表示反復(fù)不斷或一個(gè)接著一個(gè);?跟隨;?追趕;?在后面;?在…以后;?后來;?以后;?后來的;?以后的

a lot of許多

exposure面臨狈邑，遭受;?揭露;?亮相，被報(bào)道

radiation輻射;?放射線;?輻射的熱;?放射療法

Maybe you breathe by having oxygen flow through your blood instead of through your lungs.?

But you're talking about really radical redesigns and one of the interesting things that's happened in the last decade is we've discovered a whole lot of planets out there.?

ps:但你說的是真正徹底的重新設(shè)計(jì)蚤认，最近十年發(fā)生的一件有趣的事情是我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了很多行星米苹。

radical根本的;?徹底的;?完全的;?全新的;?不同凡響的;?激進(jìn)的;?極端的;?激進(jìn)分子;?游離基;?自由基

redesigns重新設(shè)計(jì);?redesign的第三人稱單數(shù)

one of…之一

in the last在最后；在終審時(shí)

decade十年砰琢，十年期

've(=value engineering)價(jià)值工程學(xué);?同“have”

discovered發(fā)現(xiàn);?發(fā)現(xiàn)蘸嘶，找到，發(fā)覺;?了解到;?認(rèn)識(shí)到;?查明;?discover的過去分詞和過去式

planets行星;?地球;?planet的復(fù)數(shù)

out there向那邊陪汽，<口>到戰(zhàn)場

And some of them may be Earth-like.?

The problem is, if we ever want to get to these planets, the fastest human objects,? Juno and Voyager and the rest of this stuff, take tens of thousands of years to get from here to the nearest solar system.?

ps:問題是训唱，如果我們想要到達(dá)這些行星，最快的人類物體挚冤，朱諾號(hào)和旅行者號(hào)况增，以及其他的東西，需要數(shù)萬年才能從這里到達(dá)最近的太陽系你辣。

want to應(yīng)該

get to開始;?到達(dá)巡通，抵達(dá);?抓壮局础舍哄；接觸，和…取得聯(lián)系

planets行星;?地球;?planet的復(fù)數(shù)

Juno〈羅神〉朱諾（天后誊锭，主神Jupiter的妻子表悬。同希神Hera）

solar system太陽系;?類太陽系

So if you want to start exploring beaches somewhere else,? or you want to see two-sun sunsets, then you're talking about something that is very different,? because you have to change the timescale and the body of humans in ways which may be absolutely unrecognizable.

?And that's a Life Four civilization.

Exercises：

1.How does Enriquez describe a life two civilization?

Fundamental aspects of the human body can be genetically alterer.

2.What the humans need to do if they want to reach distance planets and solar systems?

change how human bodies age over long periods of time

3.In order to develop an intrasolar civilization,?

humans would have to modify the body to allow long-distance space travel.

4.In a life two civilization,?

people can use growth hormones to change fundamental aspects of the body.

Read and repeat the sentences;

1.Where is it ethical to enhance a human body and where is it not ethical to enhance a human body?

2.With so many planets thousands of years away, humans would need to change how their bodies age.

3.Mass exinctions have happened five times on Earth, and therefore it is very likely that the human species on Earth is going to go extinct someday.

4.Once you can insert an entire human genome into a cell, then you begin to ask the question, would you want to enhance any of that genome?

5.To become an intrasolar civilization,?we're going to have to create a Life Three civilization, and that looks very different from what we've got here.