01 I had my first date with Polly after I made the trade with my roommate Rob. That year every guy on campus had a leather jacket, and Rob couldn't stand the idea of being the only football player who didn't, so he made a pact that he'd give me his girl in exchange for my jacket. He wasn't the brightest guy. Polly wasn't too shrewd, either.
在我和室友羅伯的交易成功之后，我和波莉有了第一次約會。那一年校園里每個(gè)人都有件皮夾克肢预，而羅伯是校足球隊(duì)員中唯一一個(gè)沒有皮夾克的攘蔽，他一想到這個(gè)就受不了，于是他和我達(dá)成了一項(xiàng)協(xié)議，用他的女友換取我的夾克。他可不那么聰明，而他的女友波莉也不太精明鸳吸。
02 But she was pretty, well-off, didn't dye her hair strange colors or wear too much makeup. She had the right background to be the girlfriend of a dogged, brilliant lawyer. If I could show the elite law firms I applied to that I had a radiant, well-spoken counterpart by my side, I just might edge past the competition.
但她漂亮而且富有，也沒有把頭發(fā)染成奇怪的顏色或是化很濃的妝速勇。她擁有合適的家庭背景晌砾，足以勝任一名堅(jiān)忍而睿智的律師的女友。如果我能夠讓我所申請的頂尖律師事務(wù)所看到我身邊伴隨著一位光彩照人烦磁、談吐優(yōu)雅的另一半养匈，我就很有可能在競聘中以微弱優(yōu)勢獲勝。
03 "Radiant" she was already. I could dispense her enough pearls of wisdom to make her "well-spoken".
“光彩照人”都伪，她已經(jīng)是了乖寒。而我也能施予她足夠多的“智慧之珠”，讓她變得“談吐優(yōu)雅”院溺。
04 After a banner day out, I drove until we were situated under a big old oak tree on a hill off the expressway. What I had in mind was a little eccentric. I thought the venue with a perfect view of the luminous city would lighten the mood. We stayed in the car, and I turned down the stereo and took my foot off the brake pedal. "What are we going to talk about?" she asked.
在一起外出度過了美好的一天之后楣嘁，我驅(qū)車來到了高速公路旁一座小山上一棵古老的大橡樹下。我的想法有些怪異。而這個(gè)地方能夠俯瞰燈火燦爛的城區(qū)逐虚，我覺得它會使人的心情變輕松聋溜。我們呆在車子里，我調(diào)低了音響并把腳從剎車上挪開叭爱〈樵辏“我們要談些什么？”她問道买雾。
05 "Logic."
“邏輯學(xué)把曼。”
06 "Cool," she said over her gum.
“好酷啊漓穿，”她一邊嚼著口香糖一邊說嗤军。
07 "The doctrine of logic,” I said, "is a staple of clear thinking. Failures in logic distort the truth, and some of them are well known. First let's look at the fallacy Dicto Simpliciter."
“邏輯學(xué)的原理，”我說道晃危，“即清晰思考的主要原則叙赚。邏輯上出現(xiàn)的問題會歪曲事實(shí)，其中有些還很普遍僚饭。我們先來看看一種叫做?絕對判斷?的邏輯謬誤震叮。”
08 "Great,” she agreed.
“好啊鳍鸵，”她表示同意苇瓣。
09 "Dicto Simpliciter means an unqualified generalization. For example: Exercise is good. Therefore, everybody should exercise."
“絕對判斷?是指在證據(jù)不足的情況下所作出的推斷。比方說：運(yùn)動(dòng)是有益的偿乖，所以每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該運(yùn)動(dòng)钓简。
10 She nodded in agreement.
她點(diǎn)頭表示贊同。
11 I could see she was stumped. "Polly," I explained, "it's too simple a generalization. If you have, say, heart disease or extreme obesity, exercise is bad, not good. Therefore, you must say exercise is good for most people."
我看得出她沒弄明白汹想。“波莉撤蚊，”我解釋說古掏，“這個(gè)推斷太過簡單化了。如果你有心臟病或者超級肥胖癥什么的侦啸，運(yùn)動(dòng)就變得有害而不是有益槽唾。所以你應(yīng)該說，運(yùn)動(dòng)對大多數(shù)人來說是有益的光涂∨悠迹”
12 "Next is Hasty Generalization. Self-explanatory, right? Listen carefully: You can't speak French. Rob can't speak French. Looks like nobody at this school can speak French."
“接下來是?草率結(jié)論?。這似乎不言自明忘闻，對吧钝计？仔細(xì)聽好了：你不會說法語，羅伯也不會說法語，那么這所學(xué)校里好像是沒有人會說法語私恬≌冢”
13 "Really?" said Polly, amazed. "Nobody?"
“是嗎？”波莉吃驚地說本鸣∫唏茫“沒有人嗎？”
14 "This is also a fallacy," I said. "The generalization is reached too hastily. Too few instances support such a conclusion."
“這也是一種邏輯謬誤荣德，”我說闷煤，“這一結(jié)論太草率了，因?yàn)槟軌蛑С诌@一結(jié)論的例證太少了涮瞻±鹉茫”
15 She seemed to have a good time. I could safely say my plan was underway. I took her home and set a date for another conversation.?
她似乎學(xué)得很開心，而我也可以放心地說我的計(jì)劃正在穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)中饲宛。我把她送回家皆愉，并且定下了下一次約會交談的日子。
16 Seated under the oak the next evening I said, "Our first fallacy tonight is called Ad Misericordiam."
第二天晚上艇抠，坐在那棵橡樹下幕庐，我說：“今天晚上我們要談的第一個(gè)邏輯謬誤叫?文不對題?〖矣伲”
17 She nodded with delight.
她高興地點(diǎn)了點(diǎn)頭异剥。
18 "Listen closely," I said. "A man applies for a job. When the boss asks him what his qualifications are, he says he has six children to feed."
?“聽好了，”我說絮重，“有個(gè)人去申請工作冤寿，當(dāng)老板問他有什么應(yīng)聘資格時(shí)，他說他有六個(gè)孩子要撫養(yǎng)青伤《搅”
19 "Oh, this is awful, awful," she whispered in a choked voice.
“哇，這太可怕了狠角，太可怕了号杠，”她哽咽著輕聲說到。
20 "Yes, it?s awful," I agreed, "but it's no argument. The man never answered the boss's question. Instead he appealed to the boss's sympathy - Ad Misericordiam."
“對丰歌，是挺可怕的姨蟋，”我表示贊同地說，“但這不是理由立帖。這個(gè)人根本沒有回答老板的問題眼溶，而只是在博取老板的同情，這就是?文不對題?晓勇√梅桑”
21 She blinked, still trying hard to keep back her tears.
她眨著眼睛灌旧，仍在竭力地忍住眼淚。
22 "Next," I said carefully, "we will discuss False Analogy. An example, students should be allowed to look at their textbooks during exams, because surgeons have X-rays to guide them during surgery.
“接下來”酝静，我小心地說节榜，“我們來討論?錯(cuò)誤類比?。舉個(gè)例子：學(xué)生考試時(shí)應(yīng)該允許看課本别智，因?yàn)橥饪漆t(yī)生在做手術(shù)時(shí)可以看 X 光片宗苍。”
23 "I like that idea," she said.
“我喜歡這個(gè)主意薄榛，”她說讳窟。
24 "Polly," I groaned, "don't derail the discussion. The inference is wrong. Doctors aren't taking a test to see how much they have learned, but students are. The situations are altogether different. You can't make an analogy between them."
“波莉，”我抱怨道敞恋，“別打岔丽啡，這一推論是錯(cuò)誤的。醫(yī)生們不是在參加考試以檢查他們學(xué)到了多少硬猫，而學(xué)生卻是补箍。他們的情況完全不同，你不能將他們作類比啸蜜】友牛”
25 "I still think it?s a good idea," said Polly.?
“我仍然認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)好主意，”波莉說衬横。
26 With five nights of diligent work, I actually made a logician out of Polly. She was an analytical thinker at last. The time had come for the conversion of our relationship from academic to romantic.
經(jīng)過五個(gè)夜晚的辛勤努力裹粤，我竟然真的將波莉打造成了一個(gè)邏輯行家，她總算能夠分析思考了》淞郑現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該是時(shí)候讓我們的關(guān)系從學(xué)術(shù)向浪漫發(fā)展了遥诉。
27 "Polly," I said when next we sat under our oak, "tonight we won't discuss fallacies."
“波莉，”當(dāng)我們又一次坐在那棵橡樹下的時(shí)候我對她說噪叙，“今晚我們不討論邏輯謬誤了矮锈。”
28 "Oh?" she said, a little disappointed.
“哦睁蕾？”她回答說苞笨，有一點(diǎn)失望 。
29 Favoring her with a grin, I said, "We have now spent five evenings together. We get along pretty well. We make a pretty good couple."?
我贊許地對她笑了笑惫霸，說：“我們在一起已經(jīng)度過了五個(gè)晚上，相互之間挺合得來葱弟，我們是蠻相配的一對壹店。”
30 "Hasty Generalization," said Polly brightly. "Or as a normal person might say, that's a little premature, don't you think?"
?“草率結(jié)論芝加，”波莉伶俐地說硅卢，“或者是按一般人的說法射窒，這個(gè)結(jié)論有些不成熟，你不這樣認(rèn)為嗎将塑？”
31 I laughed with amusement. She'd learned her lessons well, far surpassing my expectations. "Sweetheart," I said, patting her hand in a tolerant manner, "five dates is plenty. After all, you don't have to eat a whole cake to know it's good."
我被逗得笑了起來脉顿，她功課還真學(xué)得不錯(cuò)，大大超過了我的預(yù)期点寥“保“親愛的，”我開口說敢辩，同時(shí)寬容地拍了拍她的手蔽莱，“五次約會已經(jīng)夠多了，畢竟你不需要吃掉整個(gè)蛋糕才知道它是不是好吃戚长〉晾洌”
32 "False Analogy," said Polly promptly."Your premise is that dating is like eating. But you're not a cake. You're a boy."?
“錯(cuò)誤類比，”波莉立即回應(yīng)同廉∫翘牵“你的前提是約會就如同吃東西∑刃ぃ可你不是蛋糕锅劝，你是個(gè)男孩≈涑蹋”
33 I laughed with somewhat less amusement, hiding my dread that she'd learned her lessons too well. A few more false steps would be my doom. I decided to change tactics and try flattery instead.
我又笑了笑鸠天，不過不覺得那么有趣了，同時(shí)還不能表露出我害怕她學(xué)得太好了帐姻。再錯(cuò)幾步我可就無法挽回了稠集。我決定改變策略，轉(zhuǎn)而嘗試奉承她的辦法饥瓷。
34 "Polly, I love you. Please say you'll go out with me. I'm nothing without you."?
“波莉剥纷，我愛你。請答應(yīng)做我的女朋友呢铆，沒有你我什么也不是晦鞋。”
35 "Ad Misericordiam," she said.
?“文不對題棺克，”她說悠垛。
36 "You certainly can discern a fallacy when you see it," I said, my hopes starting to crumble. "But don't take them so literally. I mean this is all academic. You know the things you learn in school don't have anything to do with real life."
?“你還真是能在遇到邏輯謬誤時(shí)一一辨別它們了，”我說娜谊，心里的希望已經(jīng)開始動(dòng)搖确买。“不過不要對它們太死板纱皆，我是說這都是些學(xué)術(shù)的東西湾趾。你知道芭商，學(xué)校里學(xué)的東西和實(shí)際生活根本沒有什么聯(lián)系。"
37 "Dicto Simpliciter," she said. "Besides, you really should practice what you preach."
“絕對判斷搀缠，”她說道铛楣，“而且，你自己教的東西應(yīng)該自己身體力行艺普◆ぶ荩”
38 I leaped to my feet, my temper flaring up. "Will you or will you not go out with me?"
?我一下跳了起來，怒火中燒衷敌，“你到底愿不愿意做我的女朋友勿侯？”
39 "No to your proposition," she replied.
“我不愿意，”她答道缴罗。
40 "Why?" I demanded.
“為什么助琐？”我追問道。
41 "I'm more interested in a different petitioner - Rob and I are back together.
“我對另一位求愛者更感興趣――羅伯和我重歸于好了面氓”ィ”
42 With great effort, I said calmly, "How could you give me the axe over Rob? Look at me, an ingenious student, a tremendous intellectual, a man with an assured future. Look at Rob, a muscular idiot, a guy who'll never know where his next meal is coming from. Can you give me one good reason why you should be with him?"
?我極力地保持著平靜，說道：“你怎么會甩了我而選擇羅伯舌界？看看我掘譬，一個(gè)聰明過人的學(xué)生，一個(gè)不同凡響的學(xué)者呻拌，一個(gè)前途無量的人葱轩。再看看羅伯，一個(gè)肌肉發(fā)達(dá)的蠢材藐握，一個(gè)有了上頓沒下頓的家伙靴拱。你是否能給我一個(gè)充足的理由，為什么要選擇跟他猾普？”
43 "Wow, what a presumption! I'll put it in a way someone as brilliant as you can understand," retorted Polly, her voice dripping with sarcasm. "Full disclosure -I like Rob in leather. I told him to say yes to you so he could have your jacket!"
“喔袜炕，這是什么假設(shè)啊初家！為了讓像你這樣聰明的人能夠明白偎窘，我這么說吧，”波莉反駁道溜在，聲音里充滿了諷刺陌知，“事情的真相是——我喜歡羅伯穿皮衣。是我讓他同意你們的協(xié)議的掖肋，這樣他就能擁有你的夾克仆葡！”
轉(zhuǎn)載自：印記_成長 原文鏈接：http://www.reibang.com/p/8f6d2dc00526?
