latex的數(shù)學(xué)符號整理

求和的公式表達(dá)

內(nèi)嵌公式岂膳,使用$...$. 單獨(dú)展示的一行使用 $$...$$.
渲染的差別望伦,比如
\sum_{i=0}^n i^2 = \frac{(n^2+n)(2n+1)}{6}
會(huì)顯示\sum_{i=0}^n i^2 = \frac{(n^2+n)(2n+1)}{6} (內(nèi)嵌模式) ,而下面這樣
\sum_{i=0}^n i^2 = \frac{(n^2+n)(2n+1)}{6}
為獨(dú)立的一塊渲染區(qū)域恕出,它是居中展示的,字體也要更大一些

符號

希臘字母,
\alpha, \beta, …, \omega: \alpha, \beta, … \omega.

大寫,
\Gamma, \Delta, …, \Omega: \Gamma, \Delta, …, \Omega.

上標(biāo)和下標(biāo),
use ^ and _. For example, x_i^2: x_i^2, \log_2 x: \log_2 x.

分組
Superscripts, subscripts, and other operations apply only to the next “group”. A “group” is either a single symbol, or any formula surrounded by curly braces {…}.
If you do 10^10, you will get a surprise: 10^10.
But 10^{10} gives what you probably wanted: 10^{10}.
Use curly braces to delimit a formula to which a superscript or subscript applies: x56 is an error;
{xy}z is {x^y}^z, and x{yz} is x^{y^z}. Observe the difference between x_i^2 x_i^2 and x_{i^2} x_{i^2}.

Parentheses(圓括號)
一般的()[]筷登, (2+3)[4+4]. Use \{ and \} for curly braces \{\}.

These do not scale with the formula in between, so if you write (\frac{\sqrt x}{y^3}) the parentheses will be too small: (x√y3)

. Using \left(…\right) will make the sizes adjust automatically to the formula they enclose: \left(\frac{\sqrt x}{y^3}\right) .

\left and \right apply to all the following sorts of parentheses:

synbol means
( and ) \left( x \right)
[ and ] \left[ x \right]
\{ and \} \left\{ x \right\}
| \left| x \right|
\vert , \Vert |x| 有問題剃根,可能需要在其他的語境下才生效
\langle and \rangle \langle x \rangle
\lceil and \rceil \lceil x \rceil
\lfloor and \rfloor \lfloor x \rfloor

. \middle can be used to add additional dividers. There are also invisible parentheses, denoted by . :
\left. \frac12\right\rbrace is \left.\frac12\right\rbrace .

If manual size adjustments are required: \Biggl(\biggl(\Bigl(\bigl((x)\bigr)\Bigr)\biggr)\Biggr) gives \Biggl(\biggl(\Bigl(\bigl((x)\bigr)\Bigr)\biggr)\Biggr) .
Sums and integrals \sum and \int; the subscript is the lower limit and the superscript is the upper limit, so for example \sum_1^n \sum_1^n. Don't forget {…} if the limits are more than a single symbol.
For example, \sum_{i=0}^\infty i^2 is
\sum_{i=0}^\infty i^2.
Similarly,

symbol redered as
\prod \prod
\int \int
\bigcup \bigcup
\bigcap \bigcap
\iint \iint
\iiint \iiint
\idotsint \idotsint

.

Fractions There are three ways to make these. \frac ab applies to the next two groups, and produces \frac ab ;
for more complicated numerators and denominators use {…}: \frac{a+1}{b+1} is \frac{a+1}{b+1}.
If the numerator and denominator are complicated, you may prefer \over, which splits up the group that it is in: {a+1\over b+1} is {a+1\over b+1} .
Using \cfrac{a} command is useful for continued fractions \cfrac{a}前方 , more details for which are given in this sub-article.

Fonts
Use \mathbb or \Bbb for "blackboard bold": ??????

symbols for redered as
\mathbb or \Bbb blackboard bold \Bbb AB \Bbb CD
\mathbf boldface \mathbf A BCDE
\mathit italics \mathit ABCDEFGHIJ , \mathit abcdefgh
\pmb boldfaced italics \pmb ABCDEFG \pmb abcdefghijk
\mathtt typewriter \mathtt ABCDEFGHIJK
\mathrm roman \mathrm abcvwxyz
\mathsf sans-serif \mathsf ABCDEFGHIJKLTUVWXYZ
\mathcal calligraphic letters \mathcal ABCDEFGHIJKLMWXYZ
\mathscr script letters \mathscr ABCDEFOPQR
\mathfrak Fraktur (old German style) letters \mathfrak ABCDVWXYZ


  • Radical signs Use sqrt,
    which adjusts to the size of its argument:\sqrt{x^3} x3 means: \sqrt{x^3} x3;
    \sqrt[3]{\frac xy} means: \sqrt[3]{\frac xy} .
    For complicated expressions, consider using {...}^{1/2} instead.

  • Some special functions such as "lim", "sin", "max", "ln", and so on are normally set in roman font instead of italic font.
    Use \lim, \sin, etc. to make these: \sin x:\sin x , not sin x : sin x.
    Use subscripts to attach a notation to \lim: \lim_{x\to 0}: \lim_{x\to 0}

There are a very large number of special symbols and notations, too many to list here; see this shorter listing, or this exhaustive listing. Some of the most common include:

symbols redered as
\lt \gt \le \leq \leqq \leqslant \ge \geq \geqq \geqslant \neq \lt \gt \le \leq \leqq \leqslant \ge \geq \geqq \geqslant \neq
You can use \not to put a slash through almost anything: \not\lt \not\lt but it often looks bad
\times \div \pm \mp \times \div \pm \mp.
\cdot is a centered dot x \cdot y
\cup \cap \setminus \subset \subseteq \subsetneq \supset \in \notin \emptyset \varnothing \cup \cap \setminus \subset \subseteq \subsetneq \supset \in \notin \emptyset \varnothing
{n+1 \choose 2k} or \binom{n+1}{2k} (n+12k) {n+1 \choose 2k} or \binom{n+1}{2k} (n+12k)
\to \rightarrow \leftarrow \Rightarrow \Leftarrow \mapsto \to \rightarrow \leftarrow \Rightarrow \Leftarrow \mapsto
\land \lor \lnot \forall \exists \top \bot \vdash \vDash \land \lor \lnot \forall \exists \top \bot \vdash \vDash
\star \ast \oplus \circ \bullet \star \ast \oplus \circ \bullet
\approx \sim \simeq \cong \equiv \prec \lhd \therefore \approx \sim \simeq \cong \equiv \prec \lhd \therefore
\infty \aleph_0 \infty \aleph_0
\nabla \partial \nabla \partial
  • For modular equivalence, use \pmod like this: a\equiv b\pmod n a\equiv b\pmod n.

  • \ldots is the dots in a1,a2,…,an

  • \cdots is the dots in a1+a2+?+an

  • Some Greek letters have variant forms:
    \epsilon \varepsilon: \epsilon \varepsilon,
    \phi \varphi: \phi \varphi,
    and others.
    Script lowercase l is \ell \ell .

Detexify lets you draw a symbol on a web page and then lists the TEX symbols that seem to resemble it.

These are not guaranteed to work in MathJax but are a good place to start. To check that a command is supported, note that MathJax.org maintains a list of currently supported LATEX commands, and one can also check Dr. Carol JVF Burns's page of TEX Commands Available in MathJax.

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