課程大綱
考試流程
托福寫作有兩個板塊：（沒有大小重要之分衷畦，兩個都是15分）
- 綜合寫作：閱讀+聽力+寫（150-225）（有部分的提示題）（不要馬上就寫作文是尖，先回顧一下自己的筆記）（注意the point in the lecture速那，建議3:1或者4:1多寫聽力的內(nèi)容朱沃，只需要說出閱讀材料和聽力材料的關系力九，寫很少部分的閱讀材料幾句話就ok）
格式都頂格寫半火，每段敲兩個回車娜扇，空一行错沃，4段。
- 獨立寫作：建議大于300雀瓢。（建議4段枢析，中間部分寫2段，中間段寫的詳細）
打分方式
機器（看結(jié)構和語法）+人 2篇文章
有4個分刃麸，一個平均值醒叁。
打分0-5分原始分
轉(zhuǎn)換表格：
一些值得關心的問題
- 字數(shù)是一個建議，寫多了問題不大泊业，寫少了也沒啥（詞數(shù)只是一個建議）（不要為了湊字數(shù)而湊字數(shù)）
- 不一定要寫復雜的單詞和句式把沼，清晰準確的表達自己的觀點最重要的是。（復雜是為了簡潔吁伺，準確才是王道饮睬，不是盲目炫耀，而是展現(xiàn)對語言的控制）
- 寫作的模板最好用自己的模板篮奄，而且少用捆愁。
- 不要對機經(jīng)抱有太多的幻想槐臀。
評分標準
- 切題
- 發(fā)展
- 組織
- 語言（重點在語言）
語言
- 不要大起大落（保持水平的一致）
- 用詞合適（多查英英詞典）
- 語言的地道性
- 句式呈現(xiàn)多樣性
- 可以接受小部分的語法錯誤
寫作訓練建議
作文需要自己寫自己改荠列，利用pigai.org
- 計時寫作
- 修改作文
- 范文分析
- 摘抄語料
- 仿寫練習
一些常見的錯誤
- 準確性
- 可數(shù)名詞單獨使用要加冠詞
Student has some choices...x(students)
The love of parents are not evil thing x(an) - 以下是不可數(shù)名詞，單獨記憶
advice
exercise
news
progres
weather
work - 不定冠詞的選擇根據(jù)音節(jié)而不是字母
An even brighter future
a university
an hour
an nba - 特指才用the
a shopping center would include entertainment such as a （the x）cinema or a ktv（單數(shù)的可數(shù)名字不能裸奔） - 動詞原形不能做主語
i believe that join a sport team is better than travelling...x joining - 以下形容詞沒有比較級/最高級
perfect
unique
disgusting
excellent
inferior
impossible - 雙音節(jié)詞+er簿废；變y為i夸赫，+er/菩帝；多音節(jié)+more（？）
- 熟記固定的介詞搭配
look forward ——doing （to）
be busy with doing
have confidence in doing
lead/contribute to
deprive sb of sth剝奪 - 注意區(qū)分以下單詞
its和it‘s
whether weather
raise rise（太陽升起）
a number of the number of
quite（非常） quiet（安靜） - 盡量多用書面語
cannot茬腿， does not 呼奢，do not
couldn't ，wouldn't滓彰，shouldn't
寫作中技術性細節(jié)錯誤
everyday形容詞
ever day副詞
寫作上風格的問題
短句超過4個（6詞以下的）扣分
長句不能太多
被動語態(tài)寫多了（顯得不高效控妻，累贅）
聽寫（容易錯誤的單詞）：
phenomenon現(xiàn)象
receive接受
privilege特權
truly確實
writing寫作
maintain保持
proportion比例
excessive過多的
separate分開
restaurant餐廳
用詞多樣性
推薦資源
替換練習
課程翻譯：需要練習打字速度
語料輸入
下課需要做的
- 嘗試上課語料的重寫，對比范文揭绑，填空弓候。
寫作第二課
易建聯(lián)：
- 統(tǒng)一
- 漸進
- 連貫
詞句段篇：
- 準確
- 多樣
- 地道
- 一致性
有理有據(jù)
- 理由
- 例子
- 細節(jié)
句法常見錯誤：
單句頻錯郎哭，一個句子多次錯誤，扣分很多
五大基本句型
- 主+謂
- 主謂賓
- 主謂雙賓
- 主系表
- 主謂賓賓補
主謂
名詞菇存，代詞夸研，不定時，v+ing可以做主語
動詞原形不能做主語
練習：人們對此事持有不同的看法
People have different opinions on this thing.（錯誤）
Opinions varies among people.
Notions about this issue（this hot topic）vary from person to person.
主謂賓
技術給孩子們提供
Technology has provided children with easy access to scientific and literal art resources：the best source of inspiration.
主謂雙賓
He sent me a book
博物館給人們民族自豪感和歸屬感
Museums provides people with the sense of national proud and belonging.（錯誤）
Museums give people a sense of national pride ang belonging.
主謂賓賓補
We named our baby Tom.
我們認為上網(wǎng)消耗體力
We think that surfing the internet will consume energy.（錯誤）
We consider surfing the internet energy-consuming.
We consider surfing the internet physically detrimental.
主系表
過于關注外表依鸥，尤其是在時尚界的廣告攻勢下亥至，是對時間和精力的一種浪費。
Extramely Focusing on appearance is a wasting of time and energy贱迟，especially under the attack of fashion advertisement.（錯誤）
標準：Paying too much attention to appearance姐扮，especially influenced by the advertising-dominated fashion world， is a waste of time and energy.
主謂一致
-
謂語動詞必須和主語人稱和數(shù)保持一致
increases is改成are
Paste_Image.png - 集合名詞強調(diào)整體用單數(shù)衣吠，強調(diào)個體用復數(shù)茶敏。
- 用and連接的名詞作主語，謂語動詞用復數(shù)缚俏。
個別除外比如bread and butter（is） knife and foke（is） - as well as謂語動詞與第一個名詞一致
fried food as well as hamburgers are ... （錯誤用is）
改錯：
1.consists
- attract（A of B 重點看A）
- that is the main
- refers
- was（everyone接單數(shù)）
名詞性從句
亮點句式：
公式1
it be +done/np（名詞性短語）/adi+that：
it is reported that
it is said that
it is believed thay
it is acknowledged that
據(jù)說惊搏，每個人在到達目的地之前都必經(jīng)磨難。
it it said that everyone will suffer from pains before arriving at the destination.
標準：It has been said that everyone has to experience hardship before he reaches his destination.公式2
it is a pity that
it is a truth that
it is a shame that
it is my belief that
it is a miracle that
it is a common knowledge that
- 公式3
it is clear that
it is possible that
it is natural that
it is necessary that
it is obvious that
很明顯忧换，說到教育恬惯，同老一輩的家長們比起來，現(xiàn)在的家長同樣缺乏教育小孩的經(jīng)驗亚茬。
when it comes to education酪耳，it is obvious that nowadays parents still lack experience on teaching their children compared to in the past.
lack sth
the lack of sth
be lacked in
（標準）it is obvious that when it comes to education， parents now are also inexperienced in comparison with their old counterparts.
it vi that：
it seems that
it follows that（跟著說）
it turns on that
it goes without saying that
不言而喻才写，文化旅游業(yè)對于促進世界和平和理解大有幫助葡兑。
it goes without saying that culture tourism does great help to promote world peace and understanding.
（標準）It goes without saying that cultural tourism can go a long way（持續(xù)） in the promotion of world peace and understanding.
Although it is widely that parents are the first teachers for children奖蔓，it is unlikely to be true that they are not the best.
（標準）Although it is commonly held that parents are their children‘’s first teacher赞草， it is unlikely to be true that they are the best.
賓語從句
一般放在結(jié)尾段
人應該有多樣的興趣，特別應該有和工作不一樣的興趣吆鹤。
All reliable evidence goes to show that people should have various interests especailly that differ from work.
（標準）All indisputable evidence goes to show that one should pursue a diverse range of interests厨疙，especially those unrelated to what one does at work.
降低空氣污染為好的辦法是政府提高油價。
When asked about decreasing the air pollution疑务，the majority of people believe that government should raise the price of oil.
（標準）When asked about the best way to reduce air pollution沾凄， quite a few people believe that the government should raise the cost of fuel.
Although the nationwide idea is that people will flock into apple store as one as their products released，a new investigation shows that more people prefer to purchase after a period of time.
（標準）Although the popular belief is that people will crowd into the Iphone stores as soon as the latest iphone is available to the public知允， a current study shows that more buyers prefer to wait till the product is older.
From what has been discussed above撒蟀， we could safely draw the conclusion that experience is more important to receiving knowledge compared to books.
（標準）From what，we could safely draw the conclusion that as a source of gaining knowledge温鸽，books are better than experience保屯，although both of them have their own advantages.
定語從句
句子合并
Nanjing is an attractive capital city where several important kings in Chinese history built their palaces.
Tv is one of the most pervasive modern technologies which entered people‘s lives and has great impact on both our life-style and our thought.
A recent newspaper report based on a survey states that today‘s students are more materialistic and less altruistic compared to in the past手负， which is conducted annually among college freshmen.
作業(yè)：
看語料
發(fā)老師作業(yè)
day3寫作課
定語從句
Unlike those graduated ten years ago，college students now are so primarily interested in grades and economic success that they are only interested in their own personal future and consider little the problems of society . Thus姑尺，they are expected to cheat more frequently
定語從句常見錯誤
狀語從句
隨著人民生活水平的大幅度提高竟终，電腦已經(jīng)在人們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪幸呀?jīng)很普遍。
with the development of people living standard切蟋， computers are common in people‘s daily life.
自從十年前西式快餐進入中國后统捶，我們的飲食結(jié)構發(fā)生了巨大變化。
Our dietary structure has undergone drastic changes柄粹， since the fast food coming into china ten years ago.
（was introdecude into china）
我一想起這件事喘鸟，就覺得很尷尬
i will feel embarrassed the moment i think of this thing.
i recall the thing
although i am bad-looking，i am gentle
Bad-looking as he is驻右，he is gentle
despite = in spite of 都只能+名詞成分
雖然他沒有什么經(jīng)驗迷守，但是他依然完成了這個任務
despite the lack of experience， he still ..
in spite of his inexperience
in spite of his being inexperienced
因果關系
- 原因
連詞表原因是跟從句的旺入。
（介詞+名）not because of the rain兑凿，but because i have to...
thanks to：突出感激
in view of the increasing uncertainty in oil price，
-
結(jié)果
hence茵瘾，therefore等是副詞不能連接句子
Paste_Image.png 目的
比較
- 類比
一些人沒能力做善事礼华，同樣的，他們也不能抵制邪惡拗秘。
Someone has no ability of doing good deed the same is true of resisting evil.
have ... to do good圣絮， and likewise they have little strength to resist.
the same is true of （這對于...也適用）
寫完一個句子打一個句號（而不是逗號）然后加the same is
- 對比
- 遞進
綜合改錯
變換句式
- 長短句結(jié)合
- 修辭問句
-
分詞結(jié)構
Paste_Image.png
- 松散句和圓周句
- 倒裝句
總結(jié)課
