Seven years ago, a student came to me and asked me to invest in his company.

七年前遂赠，一個(gè)學(xué)生來(lái)找我久妆，叫我投資他的公司。

He said, “I’m working with three friends, and we’re going to try to disrupt an industry byselling stuff online.”

他說(shuō)：“我和三個(gè)朋友一起工作跷睦，我們打算通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)售貨來(lái)改變一個(gè)行業(yè)原有模式”

And I said, “OK,you guys spent the whole summer on this, right?”

我說(shuō)：“好的筷弦， 你們一整個(gè)夏天都花在這上面了，對(duì)么？”

“No, we all took internships just in case it doesn’t work out.”

“不烂琴，我們都去實(shí)習(xí)了爹殊，萬(wàn)一它沒(méi)成功呢〖楸粒”（他們說(shuō)）

“All right, but you’re going to in full time once you graduate.”

“好吧梗夸，但是一旦畢業(yè)，你們打算全職投身于這個(gè)事業(yè)吧号醉》粗ⅲ”（我說(shuō)）

“Not exactly.We’ve all lined up backup jobs.”

“并不是，我們都有好些候補(bǔ)的工作呢扣癣《杳保”

Six months go by, it’s the day before the company launches, and there is still not a functioning website.

六個(gè)月過(guò)去了，但是在公司成立的前一天父虑，他們?nèi)耘f沒(méi)有建出一個(gè)能夠正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的網(wǎng)站该酗。

“You guys realize，the entire company is a website. That is literally all it is.”

你們要知道士嚎，整個(gè)公司實(shí)際上就是一個(gè)網(wǎng)站呜魄，網(wǎng)站就是它的全部啊。

So I obviously declined to invest.

所以莱衩，很顯然地爵嗅，我拒絕了對(duì)投資。

And they ended up naming this company Warby Parker. They sell glasses on line.

他們最終把公司命名為瓦比·帕克笨蚁，他們?cè)诰W(wǎng)上賣眼鏡睹晒。

They were recently recognized as the world’s most innovative company and valued at over a billion dollars.

最近，他們的公司被認(rèn)為是世界上最具創(chuàng)新性的公司括细，估值超過(guò)十億美元伪很。

And now? My wife handles our investments.

?`現(xiàn)在？我的妻子負(fù)責(zé)我們的投資奋单。

Why was I so wrong?

我為什么錯(cuò)的這么厲害呢锉试？

To find out, I’ve been studying people that I come to call “originals”.

為了找原因，我研究了那些我稱為“創(chuàng)新者”的人們览濒。

Originals arenonconformists, people who not only have new ideals but take action to champion them.?

創(chuàng)新者們不墨守成規(guī) 他們不僅僅擁有新主意而且會(huì)行動(dòng)起來(lái)捍衛(wèi)它呆盖。

They are people who stand out and speak up. Originals drive creativity and change in the world. They’re the people you want to bet on.

他們是勇于站出來(lái)發(fā)聲的那群人。創(chuàng)新者推動(dòng)世界的創(chuàng)新和改革贷笛。你會(huì)想要在他們身上下注应又。

And they look nothing like I expected.

他們看上去一點(diǎn)都不像我之前所期待的那樣。

I want to show you today three things I’ve learned about recognizing originals and becoming a little bit more like them.

我想告訴你們我所學(xué)到的關(guān)于如何識(shí)別原創(chuàng)者們得三個(gè)特征乏苦，并慢慢向他們看齊株扛。

So the first reason that I passed on Warby Parker was they were really slow getting off the ground.

首先，我錯(cuò)過(guò)瓦比·帕克的第一個(gè)原因是他們一開(kāi)始的階段進(jìn)展太慢了。

Now, you are all intimately familiar with the mind of a procrastinator.

現(xiàn)在你們都應(yīng)該已經(jīng)熟悉拖延癥患者的頭腦席里。

Well, I have a confession for you. I’m the opposite. I’m a procrastinator.

好吧叔磷，我要向你們承認(rèn)我是一個(gè)提前癥患者。

You know that panic you feel a few hours before a big deadline when you haven’t done anything yet.

你知道奖磁，在一個(gè)重要的截止日期前的幾個(gè)小時(shí)改基，如果你什么都沒(méi)做，那你會(huì)覺(jué)得很恐慌咖为。

I just feel that a few months ahead of time.

但是秕狰，我在截止日期前的幾個(gè)月就會(huì)有這樣的感覺(jué)。

So this started early: when I was a kid, I took Nintendo games very seriously.

這從我很小的時(shí)候就開(kāi)始了躁染。當(dāng)我還是個(gè)孩子時(shí)鸣哀，我非常認(rèn)真地玩“任天堂”游戲。

I would wake up at 5am, start playing and not stop until I had mastered them.

我五點(diǎn)起床吞彤，開(kāi)始玩游戲直到完全掌握它們我衬。

Eventually it got so out of hand that a local newspaper came and did a story on the dark side of Nintendo, starring me.

最終，事情變得無(wú)法控制了（我玩游戲上癮了）饰恕， 當(dāng)?shù)氐囊患覉?bào)紙寫(xiě)了一篇關(guān)于“任天堂”負(fù)面影響的新聞挠羔，主角就是我。

Since then, I have traded hair for teeth.

從那以后埋嵌，隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)破加，我頭發(fā)越來(lái)越少。

But this served me well in college, because I finished my senior thesis four months before the deadline.

但這對(duì)我的大學(xué)生活很有用雹嗦，因?yàn)槲以诮刂谷掌谇八膫€(gè)月就完成了我的畢業(yè)論文范舀。

And I was proud of that, until a few years ago. I have a student named Jihae, who came to me and said, “I have my most creative ideals when I’m procrastinating.”

對(duì)此我很驕傲，直到幾年前我有一個(gè)學(xué)生叫Jihae了罪，她來(lái)跟我說(shuō)：“當(dāng)我拖延的時(shí)候刃榨，我會(huì)擁有最具創(chuàng)新性的主意苛让「蠼”

And I was like, “That’s cute, where are the four papers you owe me?”

我說(shuō) 匣沼，“好可愛(ài)宵凌，可是你欠我的四篇論文呢曲掰？”

No, she was one of our most creative students, and as an organizational psychologist, this is the kind of idea that I test.

開(kāi)個(gè)玩笑埋心，她現(xiàn)在是我們最具創(chuàng)新性的學(xué)生之一羡洛。作為一名組織心理學(xué)家鹤竭，這就是我測(cè)試的一種踊餐。

So I challenged her to get some data. She goes into a bunch of companies.

所以我向她提出質(zhì)疑，為了得到些數(shù)據(jù)臀稚，她調(diào)查了一堆公司吝岭。

She has people fill out surveys about how often they procrastinate. Then she gets their bosses to rate how creative and innovative they are.

她讓人們填寫(xiě)問(wèn)卷，看他們有多經(jīng)常會(huì)去拖延。然后她讓他們的老板去評(píng)分窜管，看他們誰(shuí)更具有創(chuàng)新性散劫。

And sure enough, the precrastinators like me, who rush in and do everything early are rated as less creative than people who procrastinate moderately.

果不出所料，像我這樣的提前癥者幕帆，就是那些總是倉(cāng)促行事获搏，早早做完所有事情的人， 所得到的創(chuàng)新性評(píng)分要比那些適度拖延者得到的評(píng)分低失乾。

So I want to know what happen to the chronic procrastinators.

所以我想知道常熙，慢性拖延者身上究竟發(fā)生了些什么？

She was like, “I don’t know. They didn’t fill out my survey.”

她說(shuō)碱茁，“我不知道 他們沒(méi)填我的調(diào)查問(wèn)卷裸卫。”（……）

No, here are our results.?

現(xiàn)在纽竣，我們得出了結(jié)論墓贿。

You actually do see that the people who wait to the last minute are so busy goofing off that they don’t have any new ideas. And on the flip side, the people who race in are such a frenzy of anxiety that they don’t have original thoughts either.

你們確實(shí)能看到，那些等到最后一分鐘的人蜓氨，貪圖玩樂(lè)募壕，以致沒(méi)有任何新的主意；另一方面语盈，那些倉(cāng)促行事的人舱馅，他們總是非常得焦慮，他們也沒(méi)有什么新穎的想法刀荒。

There’re a sweet spot where originals seem to live.

創(chuàng)新者就處于這兩者中代嗤，一個(gè)有意思的位置。

Why is this? Maybe originals people just have bad work habits. Maybe procrastinating does not cause creativity.

為什么是這樣呢缠借？可能創(chuàng)新者的工作習(xí)慣就是比較差干毅。或許拖延癥并不能引起創(chuàng)造力泼返。

To find out, we designed some experiments.

為了找到原因硝逢，我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)了一些實(shí)驗(yàn)。

We asked people to generate new business ideas, and then we get independent readers to evaluate how creative and useful they are.

我們要求人們想一些新的商業(yè)想法绅喉，然后我們?nèi)フ乙恍┆?dú)立的觀眾渠鸽，來(lái)評(píng)估他們的觀點(diǎn)是否具有創(chuàng)新性和價(jià)值。

And some of them are asked to do the task right away. Others we randomly assign to procrastinate by dangling Minesweeper in front of them for either five or ten minutes.

有些人被要求立即做這項(xiàng)任務(wù)柴罐，另外一些人徽缚，我們隨機(jī)拖延了一些時(shí)間，在他們面前掃雷革屠，拖延大概5到10分鐘凿试。

And sure enough, the moderate procrastinators are 16 percent more creative the other two groups.

的的確確排宰，適度拖延者比其他兩個(gè)群體，創(chuàng)新性增加16%那婉。

Now, Minesweeper is awesome, but it’s not the driver of the effect, because if you play the game first before you learn about the task, there’s no creativity boost.

現(xiàn)在板甘，掃雷游戲很棒，但是它并不是驅(qū)動(dòng)因子详炬，因?yàn)槿绻阍诹私馊蝿?wù)之前玩這個(gè)游戲虾啦，那就不會(huì)激發(fā)任何創(chuàng)新。

It’s only when you are told that you’re going to be working on this problem, and then you start procrastinating but the task is still active in the back of your mind, that you start to incubate.

只有當(dāng)你被告知你要去做這個(gè)問(wèn)題了痕寓，然后你開(kāi)始拖延傲醉，但是在你腦子深處，這個(gè)任務(wù)依舊是活躍的呻率，你開(kāi)始醞釀硬毕。

Procrastination gives you time to consider divergent ideas, to think in nonlinear ways, to make unexpected leaps.

拖延讓你有時(shí)間去發(fā)散思維，以非線性的方式思考礼仗，得到意外的創(chuàng)新成果吐咳。

So just as we were finishing these experiments, I was writing to write a book about originals, and I sought, “This is the perfect time to teach myself to procrastinate, while writing a chapter on procrastination.”

所以，就在我們要完成這些實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)元践，我開(kāi)始寫(xiě)一本關(guān)于“創(chuàng)新者”的書(shū)韭脊，我想現(xiàn)在這個(gè)時(shí)候正是合適的時(shí)機(jī)讓我自己認(rèn)識(shí)拖延癥，而當(dāng)時(shí)我也正好在寫(xiě)拖延癥的章節(jié)单旁。

So I metaprocrastinated, and like any self-respecting precrastinator, I woke up early the next morning and I made a to-do list with steps on how to procrastinate.

所以沪羔，我放肆地拖延起來(lái)。就像那些有自尊心的提前癥癥者象浑，第二天早上我很早醒來(lái)蔫饰，我列了一個(gè)關(guān)于如何拖延的清單。

And then I worked diligently toward my goal of not making progress toward my goal.

然后我開(kāi)始孜孜不倦的努力愉豺，朝著我的目標(biāo)前進(jìn)篓吁。我的目標(biāo)就是：不要向我的目標(biāo)作出任何進(jìn)展。

I started writing the procrastination chapter, and one day, --I was halfway through-- I literally put it away in mid-sentence for months.

我開(kāi)始寫(xiě)關(guān)于拖延的章節(jié)蚪拦。有一天杖剪，我寫(xiě)到一半，我真的在一句話寫(xiě)到一半的時(shí)候把它收起來(lái)驰贷， 就那樣放了好幾個(gè)月盛嘿。

It was agony. But when I came back to it, I had all sorts of new ideas.

（對(duì)于一個(gè)提前癥患者來(lái)說(shuō)）那真的很痛苦，但是等我再回去看的時(shí)候饱苟，我有了好多新主意孩擂。

As Aaron Sorkin put it, “You call it procrastinating, I call it thinking.”

就像亞倫·索金說(shuō)的狼渊，“你把它叫做拖延箱熬。我把它叫做思考”类垦。

And along the way I discovered that a lot of great originals in history were procrastinators.

這一個(gè)過(guò)程中，我發(fā)現(xiàn)城须，很多歷史上偉大的創(chuàng)新者都是拖延癥者蚤认。

Take Leonardo da Vinci. He toiled on and off for 16 years on the Mona Lisa.

比如達(dá)芬奇 他在創(chuàng)作“蒙娜麗莎”上斷斷續(xù)續(xù)工作了16年。

He felt like a failure. He wrote as much in his journal. But some of the diversions he took in optics transformed the way that he modeled light and made he into a much better painter.

他在他的日記中寫(xiě)道糕伐，他感覺(jué)就像一個(gè)失敗者砰琢。但他后來(lái)在光學(xué)研究上分散了一些精力，這改變了他描繪光線的方法良瞧，這也讓他變成了一個(gè)更加卓越的畫(huà)家陪汽。

What about Martin Luther King, Jr.?

馬丁·路德·金又是如何呢？

The night before the biggest speech of his life, the March of Washington, he was up past 3am, rewriting it.

在他生命中那場(chǎng)最大的演講的前夜——華盛頓游行的前夜褥蚯，他凌晨三點(diǎn)后起來(lái)重新寫(xiě)演講稿挚冤。

He’s sitting in the audience waiting for his turn to go onstage, and he is still scribbling notes and crossing out lines.

他坐在觀眾席里等著輪到他上場(chǎng)的時(shí)候，他還在涂寫(xiě)修改演講稿赞庶。

When he gets onstage, 11 minutes in, he leaves his prepared remarks to utter four words that changed the course of history: “I have a dream.”

當(dāng)他上臺(tái)十分鐘后训挡，他扔掉了準(zhǔn)備好的演講稿，說(shuō)出了那四個(gè)改變歷史軌跡的詞： 我有一個(gè)夢(mèng)想歧强。

That was not in the script. By delaying the task of finalizing the speech until the very last minute, he left himself open to the widest range of possible ideas.

那些內(nèi)容不在演講稿里澜薄，他的演講稿一直都未完成，直到最后一分鐘摊册，他讓自己盡可能地去思考各種可能性肤京。

And because the text wasn’t set in stone, he had freedom to improvise.

設(shè)定非一成不變，他有即興創(chuàng)作提升的自由茅特。

Procrastinating is a vise when it comes to productivity, but it can be a virtue for creativity.

當(dāng)談到生產(chǎn)力的時(shí)候蟆沫，拖延是一種惡習(xí)；但是對(duì)于創(chuàng)新而言温治，拖延是一種美德饭庞。

What you see with a lot of great originals is that they are quick to start but they are slow to finish.

你從許多偉大的創(chuàng)新者身上可以看到，他們開(kāi)始得很快熬荆，但是完成得很慢舟山。

And this is what I missed with Warby Parker. When they were dragging their heals for six months, I look at them and said, “You know, a lot of other companies are starting to sell glasses online.”

這就是我錯(cuò)過(guò)了瓦比·帕克的原因，當(dāng)他們拖了六個(gè)月時(shí)卤恳，我看著他們累盗，說(shuō) “你知道么，許多其他的公司已經(jīng)開(kāi)始在網(wǎng)上賣眼鏡了”突琳。

They missed the first-mover advantage. But what I didn’t realize was they were spending all that time trying to figure out how to get people to be comfortable ordering glasses online.

他們已經(jīng)錯(cuò)過(guò)了成為行業(yè)先行者的優(yōu)勢(shì)若债，但是我沒(méi)意識(shí)到的是，他們花了那些時(shí)間拆融，嘗試去解決如何讓人們?cè)诰W(wǎng)上買(mǎi)眼鏡的時(shí)候有舒適的體驗(yàn)度蠢琳。

And it turns out the first-mover advantages is mostly a myth.

事實(shí)上啊终，先行者的優(yōu)勢(shì)幾乎就是一個(gè)神話。

Look at a classic study of over 50 product categories, comparing the first movers who created the market with the improvers who introduce something different and better. What you see is that the first movers had a failure rate of 47 percent, compared with only 8 percent for the improvers.

看看一個(gè)典型的超過(guò)50個(gè)產(chǎn)品品類的研究傲须，比較那些創(chuàng)造市場(chǎng)的先行者和那些引進(jìn)新東西的改進(jìn)者的表現(xiàn)蓝牲，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，先行者失敗的幾率有47%泰讽，相比而言改進(jìn)者只有8%例衍。

Look at Facebook, waiting to build a social network until after Myspace and Friendster.Look at Google, waiting for years after Altavista and Yahoo.

看看谷歌，出現(xiàn)在Altavista和雅虎之后已卸，看看臉書(shū)佛玄，創(chuàng)建于Myspace和Friendster之后。

It’s much easier to improve on somebody else’s ideas than it is to create something new from scratch.

比起從頭開(kāi)始創(chuàng)造新的東西來(lái)說(shuō) 去改善其他人的點(diǎn)子要容易的多累澡。

So the lesson I learned is that to be originals you don’t have to be first. You just have to be different and better.

所以我學(xué)到的一個(gè)教訓(xùn)是翎嫡，作為一個(gè)創(chuàng)新者，你并不需要是第一個(gè)永乌，只要?jiǎng)e具一格和精益求精就夠了惑申。

But that wasn’t the only reason that I passed on Warby Parker.

但這并不是我錯(cuò)過(guò)瓦比·帕克的唯一原因。

They were also full of doubts. They had backup plans lined up, and that made me doubt that they had the courage to be original, because I expected that originals would look something like this.

他們還充滿了不確定性翅雏。他們有好些其他的后備計(jì)劃圈驼，那讓我懷疑他們是否有勇氣成為創(chuàng)新者。因?yàn)槲移谕膭?chuàng)新者會(huì)像這樣一樣望几。

Now, on the surface, a lot of people look confident, but behind the scenes, they feel the same fear and doubt that the rest of us do. They just manage it differently.

現(xiàn)在绩脆，從表面上來(lái)看，很多創(chuàng)新者看上去都很自信橄抹，但是在背后靴迫，他們也和其他人一樣，同樣感到害怕和懷疑楼誓。他們只是有不一樣的處理方式玉锌。

Let me show you: this is a depiction of how the creative process works for most of us.

讓我展示給你看，這描繪了對(duì)于我們大多數(shù)人 創(chuàng)新機(jī)制是如何運(yùn)作的：

(1- This is awesome 這個(gè)很棒

(2- This is tricky? 這個(gè)很狡猾

(3- This is crap? 這個(gè)是屎

(4- I am crap? 我是屎

(5- This might be okay? 這個(gè)可能還行

(6- This is awesome? 這個(gè)很棒

Now, in my research, I discovered there are two different kinds of doubt. There’s self-doubt and idea doubt.

現(xiàn)在疟羹，在我的調(diào)查中主守，我發(fā)現(xiàn)有兩種懷疑：自我的懷疑和對(duì)主意的懷疑。

Self-doubt is paralyzing. It leads you to freeze.

自我懷疑會(huì)讓人癱瘓榄融，它會(huì)讓你的思維凍結(jié)参淫。

But idea doubt is energizing. It motivates you to test, to experiment, to refine, just like MLK did.

但是對(duì)主意的懷疑可以加強(qiáng)活力，它激勵(lì)你去測(cè)試愧杯，去實(shí)驗(yàn)涎才，去改善，就像MLK那樣力九。

And so the key to be original is just a simple thing of voiding the leap from step 3 to step 4.

所以稱為創(chuàng)新者的關(guān)鍵其實(shí)是一件很簡(jiǎn)單的事情耍铜，就是防止從步驟3跳到步驟4邑闺。

Instead of saying, “I am crap,” you say, “the first few drafts are always crap, and I’m just not there yet.”

不要說(shuō)：“我是廢物” 而要說(shuō) “最開(kāi)始的一些嘗試總是垃圾，我只是還沒(méi)做完”业扒。

So how do you get there? Well, there’s a clue, it turns out, in the Internet browser that you use.

那么你怎么樣做完呢检吆？結(jié)果是在你所用的因特網(wǎng)瀏覽器上就會(huì)給你個(gè)提示舒萎。

We can predict your job performance and your commitment just by knowing what web browser you use.

我們只要知道你用什么瀏覽器就能預(yù)測(cè)出你的工作表現(xiàn)和專注態(tài)度程储。

Now, some of you are not going to like the results of this study. But there’s good evidence that Firefox and Chrome users significantly outperform Internet explorer and Safari users.

現(xiàn)在，你們中的一些人臂寝，會(huì)不喜歡這項(xiàng)研究成果章鲤。有很好的證據(jù)表明，使用火狐和谷歌瀏覽器用戶? 要比蘋(píng)果和IE瀏覽器用戶表現(xiàn)的好的多咆贬。

Yes.

是的败徊。

They also stay in their jobs 15 percent longer, by the way. Why? It’s not a technical advantage. The four browser groups on average have similar taping speed and they also have similar levels of computer knowledge.It’s about how you got the browser. Because if you use Internet Explorer or safari, those came preinstalled on your computer, and you accepted the default option that was handed to you. If you wanted Firefox or Chrome, you had to doubt the default and ask: Is there are different option out there, and then be a little resourceful and download a new browser.

順便提一句，他們?nèi)温毜臅r(shí)間也會(huì)延長(zhǎng)15%掏缎。為什么皱蹦？這不是一個(gè)技術(shù)優(yōu)勢(shì)，這四個(gè)瀏覽器用戶群體平均有著相似的打字速度眷蜈，他們也有相似的計(jì)算機(jī)水平沪哺，要緊的是你如何使用瀏覽器。因?yàn)槿绻阌肐E或者蘋(píng)果酌儒，它們之前已經(jīng)在你的電腦里安裝好了辜妓，你接受了交給你的默認(rèn)選項(xiàng)，如果你想要火狐或者谷歌忌怎，你必須要懷疑默認(rèn)選項(xiàng)籍滴，會(huì)問(wèn)有沒(méi)有其他的選擇，然后找到資源下載新的瀏覽器榴啸。

So people hear about this study and they’re like, “Great, if I want to get better at my job, I just need to upgrade my browser?” No, it’s about to being the kind of person who takes the initiative to doubt the default and look for a better option.

所以人們聽(tīng)到了這個(gè)研究 孽惰，他們說(shuō)，太棒啦鸥印，如果我想要在工作上出色灰瞻，我只要升級(jí)我的瀏覽器就好了，不辅甥，關(guān)鍵是要成為那樣的人酝润，主動(dòng)去懷疑默認(rèn)選項(xiàng)，尋找更好的選擇璃弄。

And if you do that well, you will open yourself up to the opposite of déjà vu. There’s a name for it. It’s called vuja de. Vuja de is when you look at something you’ve seen many times before and all of a sudden see it with fresh eyes.

如果你這些做好要销，你就會(huì)看到與既視感相反的東西，這有個(gè)名字叫“感視既”夏块。就是疏咐，當(dāng)你看著某些你看到過(guò)很多次的東西纤掸，然后突然用一種新的眼光去看它。

It’s a screenwriter who looks at a movie script that can’t get the green light for more than half a century. In every past version, the main character has been an evil queen. But Jennifer Lee starts to question whether that makes sense. She rewrites the first act, reinvents the villain as a tortured hero and Frozen become the most successful animated movie ever.

這是一個(gè)編劇家浑塞，看著電影腳本借跪，在很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間里都得不到認(rèn)可和突破。在過(guò)去的每一個(gè)版本中酌壕，主角都是一個(gè)邪惡的皇后掏愁。但是詹妮弗·李開(kāi)始質(zhì)疑，那是否合理卵牍，她重寫(xiě)了第一幕果港，把反面人物重新寫(xiě)成了一個(gè)被折磨的英雄。自此《冰雪奇緣》成為了最成功的動(dòng)畫(huà)電影糊昙。

So there’s a simple message from this story. When you feel doubt, don’t let it go.

所以 從這個(gè)故事里我們得到了一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的信息： 當(dāng)你感到懷疑的時(shí)候 不要放開(kāi)它辛掠。

What about fear? Originals feel fear, too. They’re afraid of failing, but what sets them apart from the rest of us is that they’re even more afraid of failing to try. They know you can fail by starting a business that goes bankrupt or by failing to start a business at all. They know that in the long run, our biggest regrets are not our actions but our inactions.

關(guān)于害怕呢？創(chuàng)新者也會(huì)感到害怕释牺，他們害怕失敗萝衩。但是，把他們和我們分開(kāi)來(lái)的是没咙，他們更害怕不去嘗試猩谊。他們知道，你會(huì)因?yàn)樯獾归]而失敗镜撩，或者根本就沒(méi)有開(kāi)始這個(gè)生意预柒；他們知道，從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看袁梗，我們最大的遺憾不是我們做了什么宜鸯，而是我們沒(méi)有做什么。

The things we wish we could redo, if you look at the science, are the chances not taken.

如果你看看科學(xué)遮怜，那些我們希望重做的事情是那些我們沒(méi)有抓住的機(jī)會(huì)淋袖。

Elon Musk told me recently, he didn’t expect Tesla to succeed. He was sure the first few SpaceX launches would fail to make it to orbit, let alone get back, but it was too important not to try.

最近伊隆·馬斯特告訴我他之前并不認(rèn)為特斯拉會(huì)成功。他認(rèn)為锯梁，最開(kāi)始發(fā)射的SpaceX回收火箭不會(huì)抵達(dá)它的軌道即碗，更別說(shuō)回來(lái)了。但是陌凳，沒(méi)有試驗(yàn)這一點(diǎn)太重要了剥懒。

And for so many of us, when we have an important idea, we don’t bother to try.

對(duì)我們那么多人來(lái)說(shuō)，當(dāng)我們有一個(gè)很重要要煩的主意合敦，我們怕麻煩而不去試初橘。

But I have some good news for you. You are not going to get judged on your bad ideas. A lot of people think they will. If you look across industries and ask people about their biggest idea, their most important suggestion, 85 percent of them stayed silent instead of speaking up. They were afraid of embarrassing themselves of looking stupid.

但是，我有一些好消息要告訴你們。你們不會(huì)因?yàn)槟愕膲闹饕獗蝗讼露x保檐，很多人認(rèn)為他們會(huì)耕蝉，如果你跨行業(yè)看看，問(wèn)問(wèn)別人他們最大的主意夜只，他們最重要的建議是什么 垒在？85%的人會(huì)保持沉默，不告訴你答案扔亥。他們害怕讓自己尷尬场躯。害怕讓自己看上去更愚蠢。

But guess what? Originals have lots and lots of bad ideas, tons of them, in fact. Take the guy who invited this.

但是砸王， 你猜怎樣推盛？創(chuàng)新者們有很多糟糕的主意峦阁，事實(shí)上谦铃，有很多很多。

Do you care that he came up with a talking doll so creepy that it scared not only kids but also adults, too? No, you celebrate Thomas Edison pioneering the light bulb.

看看發(fā)明了這個(gè)的人榔昔，你會(huì)不會(huì)在乎他想出了一個(gè)會(huì)說(shuō)話的恐怖娃娃驹闰，它不僅嚇壞了孩子還嚇壞了成人？不撒会，你會(huì)為托馬斯·愛(ài)迪生發(fā)明了電燈泡而歡欣鼓舞嘹朗。

If you look across fields, the greatest originals are the ones who fail the most, because they’re the ones who try the most.

如果你跨領(lǐng)域看看，最偉大的創(chuàng)新者诵肛，是那些有過(guò)最多失敗經(jīng)歷的人屹培。因?yàn)樗麄円彩菄L試最多的人。

Take classical composers, the best of the best. Why do some of them get more pages in encyclopedias than others and also have their compositions recorded more times? One of the best predictors is the sheer volume of compositions that they generate. The more output you churn out, the more variety you get and the better your chances of stumbling on something truly original. Even the three icons of classical music—Bach, Beethoven, Mozart had to generate hundreds and hundreds of compositions to come up with a much smaller number of masterpieces. 怔檩、

譬如古典音樂(lè)中的作曲家褪秀，頂尖中的頂尖，為什么在百科全書(shū)中薛训，他們就比其他人多了幾頁(yè)呢媒吗？他們曲子的錄音次數(shù)也最多？最好的語(yǔ)言指標(biāo)制衣是他們作出了大量的曲子乙埃。你有更多的你就得到更多的多樣化闸英，就更有機(jī)會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，真正創(chuàng)新的東西 甚至古典音樂(lè)界的三大偉人——巴赫 貝多芬介袜、莫扎特甫何、他們也必須要做出上百首曲子才能出一些杰作。

Now, you may be wondering, how did this guy become great without doing a whole lot? I don’t know how Wagner pulled that off. But for most of us, if we want to be more original, we have to generate more ideas.

現(xiàn)在你可能想這個(gè)人又沒(méi)有做很多遇伞，他怎么就變得很棒了呢辙喂？ 我不知道瓦格納是如何勝利完成的，但是，對(duì)于我們大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō)加派，如果我們想要更加創(chuàng)新些叫确，我們就必須要想出更多的主意。

The Warby Parker founders, when they were trying to name their company, they need something sophisticated, unique, with no negative associations to build a retail brand, and they tested over 2000 possibilities before they finally put together Warby and Parker.

瓦比·帕克的創(chuàng)立者芍锦。當(dāng)他們想要給他們公司命名的時(shí)候竹勉，他們想要一些復(fù)雜的，獨(dú)特的沒(méi)有什么負(fù)面聯(lián)系的名字娄琉，來(lái)創(chuàng)建一個(gè)零售品牌次乓。他們測(cè)試了超過(guò)兩百種可能性，最終確定了瓦比·帕克孽水。

So if you put all this together, what you see is that originals are not that different from the rest of us. They feel fear and doubt. They procrastinate. They have bad ideas. And sometimes, it’s not in spite of those qualities but because of them that they succeed.

所以如果你把這些整體來(lái)看票腰，你看到的是，創(chuàng)新者們和我們并沒(méi)有什么兩樣女气，他們也會(huì)害怕杏慰，也會(huì)懷疑，他們也會(huì)拖延炼鞠，他們也有糟糕的主意缘滥，有時(shí)候不是盡管有了這些品質(zhì)，而正是因?yàn)檫@些品質(zhì) 他們才得以成功谒主。

So when you see those things, don’t make the same mistake I did. Don’t write them off. And when that’s you, don’t count yourself out either. Know that being quick to start but slow to finish can boost your creativity, that you can motivate yourself by doubting your ideas and embracing the fear of failing to try, and that you need a lot of bad ideas in order to get a few good ones.

所以朝扼，當(dāng)你看到這些東西的時(shí)候，不要抱怨自己犯過(guò)的錯(cuò)誤霎肯，不要放棄他們擎颖。如果是你，那不要把自己排除在外观游，要記茁酢：迅速開(kāi)始，慢慢完成 可以激發(fā)你的創(chuàng)造力备典。你可以通過(guò)懷疑你的主意來(lái)激發(fā)你自己异旧，擁抱對(duì)于嘗試失敗的恐懼，你會(huì)要先有很多糟糕的主意提佣，才能得到一些好的主意吮蛹。

Look, being original is not easy, but I have no doubt about this: it’s the best way to improve the world around us.

看！創(chuàng)新并不簡(jiǎn)單拌屏，但是對(duì)此我并不懷疑潮针，我相信這是改善我們物質(zhì)世界最好的方法。

Thank you!

謝謝倚喂！