Young Ghanaians risk all for "better" life

年輕的加納人追求美好生活鋌而走險(xiǎn)

risk all:翻譯成不顧一切厕怜，孤注一擲

Some migrate within Africa while others take therisky route to Europe

有些人移居非洲佛呻，有些人冒險(xiǎn)前往歐洲

By Efam Awo Dovi

文/艾發(fā)姆·阿沃·多維（Efam?Awo Dovi）

Every week, in the BrongAhafo Region — one ofGhana’s major food baskets — vehicles load up with men between 18 and 40 yearsold. Many, mostly the younger men, hope to reach Europe, while others head formore prosperous countries in Africa. Irrespective of their final destination, theyhave common aspirations: hopes of good jobs and better lives for themselves andthe families they leave behind.

每個(gè)星期条篷，在BrongAhafo Region地區(qū)典蝌，這個(gè)加納的主要糧食基地-汽車滿載著18到40歲的人容诬。其中大部分都是年輕男性蜗字，當(dāng)別人都向往著去非洲更加繁榮的國(guó)家時(shí)形庭，他們希望到歐洲去。不考慮目的地萌踱，他們有一個(gè)共同的心愿：希望得到一份更好的工作，自己和離開(kāi)的家庭都能有幸福的生活限书。

in the BrongAhafo Region：翻譯為布朗阿哈福地區(qū)

one of Ghana’s major food baskets：在被譽(yù)為加納“糧倉(cāng)”之一的虫蝶。破折號(hào)后面的句子放到前面去，因?yàn)槭怯脕?lái)修飾region的倦西。

當(dāng)別人都向往著去非洲更加繁榮的國(guó)家時(shí)，他們希望到歐洲去赁严，while理解成并列關(guān)系扰柠，所以先翻while前面的句子，再翻譯while后面的句子疼约。

不考慮目的地卤档，：譯文是翻譯成了不管最終去向何方。Irrespective of their final destination,

hopes of good jobs and better lives for themselves andthe families they leave behind. 希望得到一份更好的工作程剥，自己和離開(kāi)的家庭都能有幸福的生活劝枣。（譯文是翻譯成：希望自己和留下來(lái)的家人能找到更好的工作、過(guò)上更好的生活织鲸。）應(yīng)該兩種理解都是可以的舔腾。

Kofi Twum made that trip years ago. He was only 18 and had lost his father at an early age.His mother, a subsistence farmer, became the sole breadwinner of the family.?When Twum completed junior secondary school, he hawked yams to help his mother.But their living conditions worsened and Twum, fifth among six children, felt?the need to work elsewhere.

數(shù)年前，科非?圖姆就開(kāi)始了這趟旅途搂擦。他年僅18歲稳诚，很小就沒(méi)了父親。母親是一個(gè)自給自足的農(nóng)民瀑踢，獨(dú)自支撐起了這個(gè)家扳还。圖姆初中畢業(yè)后，開(kāi)始叫賣山藥幫助母親減輕負(fù)擔(dān)橱夭。但是他們的生活狀況日益困難氨距，圖姆在六個(gè)孩子中排行老五，感覺(jué)有必要去別處工作棘劣。

made that trip：譯文是翻譯成了曾踏上了這一旅程俏让，感覺(jué)更好一些。

lost his father at an early age很小就沒(méi)了父親呈础，譯文翻譯成了早年喪父舆驶，更為簡(jiǎn)潔。

he hawked yams to help his mother.開(kāi)始叫賣山藥幫助母親減輕負(fù)擔(dān)而钞。譯文翻譯成了幫母親賣甘薯沙廉，句子重心和原文不一樣了。

hawk：If someonehawks?goods, they sell them by walking through the streets or knocking at people's houses, and asking people to buy them.

Eg：He spent years hawking his book around publishinge spent years hawking his book around publishing

.But their living conditions worsened and Twum, fifth among six children, felt the need to work elsewhere.他們的生活狀況日益困難臼节，圖姆在六個(gè)孩子中排行老五撬陵，感覺(jué)有必要去別處工作珊皿。譯文翻譯成了但是他們的生活條件每況愈下，圖姆（在家中六個(gè)孩子中排行老五）感到有必要去其他地方工作巨税。對(duì)圖姆身份進(jìn)行說(shuō)明的蟋定，應(yīng)該用括號(hào)

“I wanted to go to Italy to be able to support my mother,” Twum told Africa Renewal??from his home in the town of Nkoranza in northern Ghana.

‘’我想去意大利，才能夠供養(yǎng)我的母親草添∈欢担“圖姆在他的家中（加納北部的小鎮(zhèn)恩科蘭扎）接受《非洲振興》的采訪時(shí)說(shuō)。

“I wanted to go to Italy to be able to support my mother,’

我想去意大利远寸，才能夠供養(yǎng)我的母親抄淑。譯文翻譯成了我想過(guò)去意大利謀生，供養(yǎng)我的母親驰后∷磷剩“想過(guò)“說(shuō)明了wanted的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)用法。

In 2014, with financial support from his brother, Twum joined a group of 35 young men on a journey through the Sahara Desert to Libya, where they were to take a boat to Europe.

2014年灶芝，圖姆得到他的兄弟經(jīng)濟(jì)支持郑原，加入了一群有35個(gè)年輕男性的組織，他們經(jīng)由撒哈拉沙漠到達(dá)利比亞夜涕，在那里乘船去到歐洲犯犁。

financial support：圖姆得到他的兄弟經(jīng)濟(jì)支持

譯文翻譯成了在哥哥的幫助下。注意翻譯的時(shí)候不要過(guò)于貼近字面钠乏。

on a journey through the Sahara Desert to Libya,經(jīng)由撒哈拉沙漠到達(dá)利比亞栖秕，在那里乘船去到歐洲。

譯文翻譯成開(kāi)啟穿越撒哈拉沙漠前往利比亞的旅程

?However, hopping a crowded boat out of Libya on his third attempt to cross the Mediterranean, he was arrested and deported to Ghana. He arrived empty-handed. Twum, now a street?preacher in his 30s, tells Africa?Renewal that he still hopes to make it to Europe one day, this time by some other?route.

然而晓避，圖姆第三次試圖乘坐擁擠的船只駛出利比亞穿越地中海時(shí)簇捍，他被逮捕然后被遣返加納。他回去時(shí)一無(wú)所有俏拱。如今圖姆30歲時(shí)成了當(dāng)?shù)氐膫鞯朗?/b>暑塑，他告訴《非洲振興》雜志，他仍舊希望某天可以到歐洲去锅必，這次走別的路線事格。

Twum, now a street preacher in his 30s,如今圖姆30歲時(shí)成了當(dāng)?shù)氐膫鞯朗?/b>

譯文翻譯成了現(xiàn)在30多歲的圖姆是一名街頭傳教士。

A hazardous journey

一個(gè)艱難的旅途

譯文翻譯成：危險(xiǎn)的旅程

Most Ghanaian migrants trying to reach Europe via?Libya go through Burkina Faso to Agadez, Niger. From there they join others?from West Africa and other areas who are fleeing conflict and persecution.

大多加納移民都試圖經(jīng)由利比亞穿過(guò)布基納法索到達(dá)尼日爾的阿加德茲搞隐，最終抵達(dá)歐洲驹愚。在利比亞他們加入了其他為了逃離沖突和迫害來(lái)自西非和其他地區(qū)的人。

譯文翻譯成：多數(shù)經(jīng)利比亞入歐的加納移民都選擇途經(jīng)布基納法索和尼日爾阿德加茲劣纲。在阿加德茲他們會(huì)加入從西非和其他地區(qū)為躲避戰(zhàn)亂和迫害而來(lái)的人逢捺。

第一句話要注意trying to reach Europe via Libya是修飾加納移民的，放在前面癞季，然后才是后面的具體路線go through……

第二句話from there指的說(shuō)阿德加茲

With the?services of middlemen, they travel on overloaded trucks in convoys and part of?the way on foot through the Sahara Desert to the Borkou region near the Libyan?border. It’s a death-defying experience. Many die from exhaustion and?dehydration.

通過(guò)中間人的介紹劫瞳，他們坐在載重汽車中旅行倘潜，其中一條步行的路是穿過(guò)撒哈拉沙漠到達(dá)靠近利比亞邊境的博爾庫(kù)地區(qū)。這是一個(gè)近乎死亡的體驗(yàn)志于，許多人因筋疲力盡和脫水而死去涮因。

the services of：譯文為在中間人的協(xié)助下，更合適一些

they travel on overloaded trucks in convoys and part of the way on foot through the Sahara Desert：譯文翻譯為他們坐上超載的卡車伺绽，卡車結(jié)隊(duì)而行——部分路途還需要步行——穿越撒哈拉沙漠

in convoy：of travelling vehicles行駛中的車輛)as a group; together結(jié)隊(duì)养泡；組隊(duì)

Eg：We drove in convoy because I?didn't know the route.因?yàn)槲也皇煜ぢ肪€，所以我們結(jié)隊(duì)行駛奈应。

我的譯法in convoy沒(méi)有翻譯出來(lái)瓤荔，part of ways on foot理解錯(cuò)誤

defy：(de·fies,defy·ing,de·fied,de·fied)1defysb/sthto refuse to obey or show respect for sb in authority, a law, a rule, etc.違抗；反抗钥组；蔑視Eg：I wouldn't have dared to?defy my teachers.我可不敢不聽(tīng)老師的話。

Twum recalls the?human traffickers and their extortionate demands for money. Also unforgettable?was the sight of many lifeless bodies abandoned in the hot Saharan Desert.“Some were leaning on the rocks, they looked like they were sleeping, others?were buried in the dust,” he recalled.

圖姆回憶著人販子以及他們提出的離譜價(jià)格今瀑。當(dāng)然最難忘的經(jīng)歷是許多毫無(wú)生氣的尸體在炎熱的撒哈拉沙漠里消失程梦。”許多人倚靠著巖石橘荠，看起來(lái)就像睡著了似的屿附，其他人則消失在了沙塵中「缤“他回憶道挺份。

extortionate demands for money.：譯文為要價(jià)幾近勒索

extortionate：（價(jià)格等）過(guò)高的，離譜的If you describe something such as a price asextortionate, you are emphasizing that it is much greater than it should be.

lifeless bodies abandoned：被遺棄的一具具尸體

to cover sb/sth with soil, rocks, leaves, etc.（以土贮懈、石匀泊、樹(shù)葉等）覆蓋burysb/sth

Eg：The house was buried under ten feet of

snow.房子被埋在十英尺厚的積雪中。

Three of his?fellow travellers died. “They couldn’t continue the walk. When that happens, we?try to encourage them, but after a while you have to leave them, because if?you’re left behind you’ll lose your way, and you’ll soon die,” he said. “These?were people I knew, we travelled together from Nkoronza. I called their?families later from Tripoli to inform them.”

與他同行的三個(gè)人都死了朵你「髌福“他們走不動(dòng)了，我們想要鼓勵(lì)他們的抡医，但是一會(huì)你就必須離開(kāi)他們繼續(xù)前行躲因，不然你會(huì)迷路，很快死去忌傻〈舐觯”他說(shuō)，”我認(rèn)識(shí)這些人水孩，我們一起從恩科蘭扎開(kāi)始旅行镰矿。后來(lái)我在的黎波里通知了他們的家人。

when that happens：翻譯為剛開(kāi)始

I calledtheir families later from Tripoli to inform them.注意前面的called荷愕，要把打電話翻譯出來(lái)

Twum’s story is all too common in the BrongAhafo Region, with echoes?across Ghana and other sub-Saharan African countries.

圖姆的故事在布朗阿克福地區(qū)太普遍了衡怀，加納和非洲撒哈拉以南的國(guó)家同樣如此棍矛。

During the 2011?Libyan crisis and the overthrow of Muammar Gaddafi, more than 18,000 Ghanaian?migrants in Libya were evacuated, according to the International Organization?for Migration (IOM) office in Ghana. The actual number of returnees, however,?could be higher as some migrants managed to get out of Libya on their own?before the crisis worsened.

2011年正值利比亞危機(jī)，穆阿邁爾·卡扎菲被推翻抛杨，國(guó)際移民組織加納辦事處的數(shù)據(jù)顯示够委，超過(guò)18000名利比亞境內(nèi)的加納移民撤離。然而怖现，真實(shí)的回國(guó)人數(shù)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高出茁帽，因?yàn)橐恍┮泼裨谖C(jī)加深前就已自行離開(kāi)利比亞。

evacuate：to move people from a place of danger to a safer place（把人從危險(xiǎn)的地方）疏散屈嗤，轉(zhuǎn)移潘拨，撤離evacuate sth

Eg：Police evacuated nearby buildings.警方已將附近大樓的居民疏散。

The majority of?the returnees were sent back to the BrongAhafo Region, from which they came,?according to the IOM, which supported the Ghanaian government in evacuating its?stranded nationals.

國(guó)際移民組織協(xié)助加納政府撤離滯留公民饶号，他們表示铁追，大多歸國(guó)人員都被送到了他們來(lái)時(shí)的布朗阿哈福地區(qū)。

from which they came：這個(gè)非限制定語(yǔ)對(duì)布朗阿哈福地區(qū)進(jìn)行說(shuō)明茫船，譯文是用的破折號(hào)琅束，come from意思是他們的家鄉(xiāng)，而不是像我理解的是他們來(lái)時(shí)的算谈。

stranded：a person or vehicle that is stranded is unable to move from the?place where they are〔人或交通工具〕被滯留的; 〔船〕擱淺的;SYNstuck

Eg：Air travellers wereleft strandedbecause of icy conditions.由于出現(xiàn)結(jié)冰的天氣情況涩禀，飛機(jī)乘客被滯留。

For many?families in BrongAhafo, having a relative in Europe confers prestige and the?prospect of remittances. “Every household hopes to have someone in Europe,”?says Walter Kwao-Anati, the director of migration at Ghana’s Ministry of the?Interior.

對(duì)眾多布朗阿哈福的家庭來(lái)說(shuō)然眼，在歐洲有親戚意味著受人尊敬艾船，可以收到匯款「呙浚“每個(gè)家庭希望家里有人在歐洲屿岂。”加納內(nèi)政部移民署負(fù)責(zé)人沃特·卡瓦·安題表示觉义。

confers prestige and the prospect of remittances

prospect：the possibility that sth will happen可能性雁社；希望prospect(of sth/of doing sth)

Eg：There is no immediate prospect of peace.短期內(nèi)沒(méi)有和平的可能。

remmitance：a sum of money that is sent to sb in order to pay for sth匯款金額

Eg：Please return the completed form?with your remittance.請(qǐng)將填好的表格連同匯款寄回晒骇。

沃特·科瓦奧·阿納提（Walter Kwao-Anati）譯文翻譯的人名

In some cases,he adds, “There is community support for relatives to leave, because your family will be looked down upon if no one has left for Europe.”

在某些方面霉撵，他補(bǔ)充道，“有機(jī)構(gòu)資助親人離開(kāi)這里洪囤，因?yàn)槿绻麤](méi)有人出發(fā)去歐洲徒坡，你的家庭會(huì)被別人輕視。

in some cases：有些情況下

There is community support for relatives to leave：譯文的解釋為并不是說(shuō)community里都是relative瘤缩，而是這種現(xiàn)象——很多人離開(kāi)家庭去往歐洲喇完，整個(gè)社區(qū)都是支持的，說(shuō)明的是社區(qū)總體上有這個(gè)傾向剥啤。也可以理解成一戶人家有人去了歐洲锦溪，也許日后那個(gè)人可以幫助社區(qū)里其他家庭建立起去往歐洲的渠道不脯。support這里應(yīng)該理解成支持

look down upon：蔑視；輕視刻诊；小看Tolook down onsomeone means to consider that person to be inferior or unimportant, usually when this is not true.

Eg：I?wasn't successful, so they looked down on me.我一無(wú)所成防楷，所以他們瞧不起我。

And there is?also the expectation of financial support to the family back home, which helps?to improve the family’s living conditions. According to the African Development?Bank’s African Economic Outlook 2015 report, remittances, at $64 billion in 2015,?remain the most stable and important single source of external finance to?Africa.

人們同樣希望經(jīng)濟(jì)資助那些返回家園的家庭则涯，改善他們的生活狀況复局。非洲開(kāi)發(fā)銀行2015年《經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)測(cè)展望》顯示，2015年的匯款金額達(dá)到640億美元粟判，這依然是非洲最為穩(wěn)定重要的唯一外部經(jīng)濟(jì)來(lái)源亿昏。

there is also the expectation of financial support to the family back home,

譯文翻譯為：同時(shí)大家還期望這些人反過(guò)來(lái)為家鄉(xiāng)的親人提供資助。

?But beneath the?veil of perceived prestige are bigger national development issues. Kwao-Anati?admits that in the case of Ghana, “Poverty is one of the major reasons why?people migrate in search of economic opportunities.”

但是在眾人皆知的名望的遮掩之下档礁，是更為嚴(yán)重的國(guó)家發(fā)展問(wèn)題角钩。卡瓦·安提承認(rèn)加納問(wèn)題頗多呻澜，”貧窮是人們移民尋找賺錢機(jī)會(huì)的最主要原因彤断。（貧困是人們外出尋求經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展機(jī)會(huì)的主要原因之一）

perceived prestige：這里不要譯的太死板。perceive是感知的意思易迹，也就是你感知到的、看到的聲望\地位平道，言下之意就是這里的prestige只是你看到的表面睹欲。

聯(lián)合國(guó)網(wǎng)站上的譯文是：解開(kāi)所謂地位的面紗，就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)更大的國(guó)家發(fā)展問(wèn)題一屋。

（我是任務(wù)分隔提醒：下面部分為選做部分窘疮，參考譯文周五會(huì)一起推送給大家~）

Oil fails to save the day

石油沒(méi)能拯救局面

?Migration is not a new phenomenon in Africa.?Around the 1970s and 1980s, most Ghanaian migrants moved to neighbouring?countries like Nigeria and C?te d’Ivoire. In recent years, however, irregular?migration—traveling without documentation and through unapproved routes—from?sub-Saharan Africa towards Europe has substantially increased.?

移民在非洲并不罕見(jiàn)。20世紀(jì)70年代到80年代左右冀墨，大量加納移民移居到臨近的國(guó)家闸衫，比如：尼日爾和科特迪瓦。然而诽嘉，近些年來(lái)蔚出，一些不合理的移民顯著增加，他們出行沒(méi)有攜帶證明虫腋，利用一條尚未開(kāi)發(fā)的路線骄酗。（從非洲撒哈拉以南到達(dá)歐洲）

Walker?Kwao-Anati says, “As the economic situation on the continent becomes difficult,?many young migrants started taking the deadly journey to Europe.”

沃克·卡瓦·安提表示：”因?yàn)榉侵薮箨懮系慕?jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境每況愈下，許多年輕移民開(kāi)始經(jīng)由死亡路線到達(dá)歐洲悦冀。

Ghana, the?world’s second-largest cocoa producer (behind C?te d’Ivoire), is also endowed?with many natural resources—precious metals like gold and silver as well as?diamonds, bauxite, cocoa, timber and crude oil.

加納是世界上第二大可可粉產(chǎn)地（僅次于科特迪瓦）趋翻，同時(shí)也擁有豐富的自然資源——金，銀這樣珍貴的金屬盒蟆，以及大量的鉆石踏烙，鋁土礦师骗，可可粉，木材和石油讨惩。

When the country?started crude oil production in commercial quantities in 2011, many were?hopeful of better lives. That year the country’s economy grew at a record high?of 15%, the fastest rate in the world, according to the IMF.

該國(guó)2011年開(kāi)始出售石油盈利時(shí)辟癌，許多人希望過(guò)上好日子。國(guó)際貨幣基金組織數(shù)據(jù)顯示步脓，那一年加納經(jīng)濟(jì)增速史無(wú)前例達(dá)到了15%愿待，位居世界之首。

At the end of?2012, declining productivity at one of the country’s largest oil projects, the?Jubilee oil field, led to a decline in revenues for the government, which had?budgeted for oil revenue of more than $650 million. The corresponding shortfall?was more than $410 million.

2012年末靴患，

Soon after, the?country faced a huge public-sector wage bill—following the implementation of a?new salary scheme—and ballooning debt, leading to the twin problems of a huge?budget deficit and double-digit inflation. The situation was worsened by the?collapse of oil prices, which cut a hole in expected revenue.

Dashed hopes

By 2015 a surge in migration from Ghana made the?country the eleventh most common nationality among migrants who arrived in?Europe by boat, according to the IOM. Arrivals in Italy alone the same year?totaled 4,431. As of July of this year, 2,700 such arrivals have been recorded.

Ghana, once?touted as an African success story, has now turned to the IMF for support.Today the country’s ballooning debt, coupled with high interest payments,?remains a source of concern.

Ghana’s vast resources have not translated into better lives for a?majority of the people. Kofi Obeng has been among that majority. He comes from?the Eastern Region—an area endowed with diamonds, gold and other mineral?resources that Ghana exports.

As a young man,?Obeng says, he did all kinds of jobs, even going through mine dumps on illegal?mining sites hoping to find missed ore.

But by age 12, he dropped out of school when his grandmother could no?longer afford his school fees. Soon he and his friends were heading for?Bolgatanga in northern Ghana, where they joined 45 others aiming to reach?Europe. He made it only to Libya. But during his three years’ stay in that?country, Obeng says he managed to send an average of $500 to his family every?other month. He returned home during the Libyan crisis.

Today, at 33?years old, Obeng is a shop assistant in a mall in the Ghanaian capital, Accra,?earning 400 cedis ($100) a month. With younger brothers and sisters to support,?he says, he does not make enough to go around. He is looking for another?opportunity to leave Ghana. For people like him, he says, the only hope of?making it in life is to go outside the country.

Linking education to job market

In a joint interview withAfrica Renewal,Kazumi Nakamura and Kojo Wilmot of the IOM office in Ghana blamed the?surge in youth migration on an inadequate educational system, among other?factors.

“There is a mismatch between the educational system and the job market,?leaving a huge skills gap,” notes Nakamura, who manages the Ghana Integrated?Migration Management Approach (GIMMA) project, a three-year initiative intended?to contribute to the government’s efforts to develop a holistic approach to?effective management of migration.

Wilmot says that while conflicts and changes in the weather pattern in?northern Ghana are influencing internal migration, unemployment among the youth?is largely responsible for external migration. “Many are coming out of school?with no jobs,” he says.

According to the United Nations, youth unemployment is a major driver of?voluntary migration, as well as a threat to peace and security in the region.?Without decent jobs and meaningful employment, African youths remain highly?vulnerable to exploitation.

Need for policies

In April of this year, Ghana?launched its first National Migration Policy, which provides a comprehensive?framework for managing all aspects of the country’s internal, intra-regional?and international migration flows. The director of migration, Kwao-Anati, says?new policies will enable the government to engage communities more effectively?and to gather data to deal with the country’s growing migration challenges.

The IOM’s Nakamura says, “There is a lot more to be done,” and stresses?the need for governments to do more to link development programmes to?employment and job creation.

Refugees and migrants

Migrants from Africa and elsewhere rescued from asmuggler's boat by an Italian naval ship in the Mediterranean.

UNHCR/A.?D'Amato

在地中海仍侥，一艘意大利軍艦從偷運(yùn)人口的船上救出了來(lái)自非洲和其他地區(qū)的移民。聯(lián)合國(guó)難民署/A.達(dá)馬托（A. D'Amato）供圖

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