平時(shí)我們項(xiàng)目開發(fā)會(huì)抽離一些公共模塊,那么這些公共模塊如何管理呢,呵呵,搭建CocoaPods私有庫來去管理是最好不過了. 由于之前工作忙沒時(shí)間整理,最近正好有些閑暇時(shí)間,我就拋磚引玉,搭建一個(gè)簡單示例,順便梳理一下流程.
??首先是環(huán)境搭建,我采用docker里面部署一個(gè)gitlab來作為私有庫倉庫,然后拿一個(gè)示例項(xiàng)目拆分出公共模塊,接著我會(huì)把公共模塊打包成pod,最后到項(xiàng)目中引用

一 Docker安裝

二 部署gitlab

三 創(chuàng)建CocoaPods私有庫

四 更新私有庫

五 問題總結(jié)

一 Docker安裝

Docker

Docker 將應(yīng)用程序與該程序的依賴，打包在一個(gè)文件里面咐汞。運(yùn)行這個(gè)文件盖呼，就會(huì)生成一個(gè)虛擬容器。程序在這個(gè)虛擬容器里運(yùn)行化撕，就好像在真實(shí)的物理機(jī)上運(yùn)行一樣几晤。有了 Docker，就不用擔(dān)心環(huán)境問題植阴。
總體來說蟹瘾，Docker 的接口相當(dāng)簡單，用戶可以方便地創(chuàng)建和使用容器掠手，把自己的應(yīng)用放入容器憾朴。容器還可以進(jìn)行版本管理、復(fù)制惨撇、分享伊脓、修改，就像管理普通的代碼一樣”ㄇ唬總之類似于我們使用的虛擬機(jī),只能說很行,但是它不是,就是一個(gè)環(huán)境隔離工具,類似于iOS的沙盒, 關(guān)于Docker的使用我不到贅述,感興趣的可以找相關(guān)資料,我這里只用了很少一部分,很簡單.

步驟1 Docker下載地址https://www.docker.com/get-started

步驟2 我的是Mac環(huán)境,我下載的是.dmg,雙擊下載好的xx.dmg安裝,安裝好后是下面的界面

打開終端 輸入docker -v查看環(huán)境是否正常,能正常輸出版本號(hào)就沒啥問題了

二 部署gitlab

步驟 1 在電腦機(jī)器上找一個(gè)目錄新建一個(gè)文件夾

步驟 2 在新建的目錄內(nèi)新建一個(gè)文件docker-compose.yml,名字不要改,這是一個(gè)docker編排文件,我們將要用docker-compose工具來部署它

version: '3'
services:
    web:
      image: 'twang2218/gitlab-ce-zh'
      restart: always
      hostname: '127.0.0.1'
      environment:
        TZ: 'Asia/Shanghai'
        GITLAB_OMNIBUS_CONFIG: |
          external_url 'http://127.0.0.1'
          gitlab_rails['gitlab_shell_ssh_port'] = 2222
          unicorn['port'] = 8888
          nginx['listen_port'] = 80
      ports:
        - '8088:80'
        - '2443:443'
        - '2222:22'
      volumes:
        - ./config:/etc/gitlab
        - ./data:/var/opt/gitlab
        - ./logs:/var/log/gitlab

步驟 4 終端切換到這個(gè)文件所在目錄下,執(zhí)行如下命令

 docker-compose up -d

文件大會(huì)下載一會(huì),如果你網(wǎng)速不好失敗了,那就在重新執(zhí)行這個(gè)命令,當(dāng)運(yùn)行完成后,我們載查看下是否部署好了
步驟 5 執(zhí)行命令查看容器是否創(chuàng)建運(yùn)行

docker ps | grep twang

STATUS healty 就代表容器正常運(yùn)行了,接下來我們?cè)L問下我們的gitlab

出現(xiàn)登陸頁面

三 創(chuàng)建CocoaPods私有庫

在操作之前,我們先看一下我們即將要改造的項(xiàng)目大致結(jié)構(gòu)

步驟 1:創(chuàng)建代碼倉庫Code Repository

注意??這里我使用的是ssh, 你要在gitlab上面配置你電腦的公鑰,具體怎么添加 百度:git ssh登陸

說明：
①其中Classes為文件夾舒岸，用來存儲(chǔ)組件的源碼，這里我示例項(xiàng)目Tools目錄下的文件拷貝了過來如圖芦圾。
②SwiftTools.podspect為當(dāng)前這個(gè)組件的pod描述我們可以通過

pod spec create SwiftTools

命令來生成.podspect模版文件
我們這里的文件內(nèi)容如下

Pod::Spec.new do |spec|
  spec.name         = "SwiftTools"
  spec.version      = "1.0.3"
  spec.summary      = "SwiftTools 項(xiàng)目常用的工具庫"
  spec.description  = <<-DESC
  swift 項(xiàng)目常用工具庫
                   DESC

  spec.homepage     = "http://lerpo.github.io"
  spec.license      = { :type => "MIT", :file => "LICENSE" }
  spec.author             = { "xml" => "" }
  spec.platform     = :ios
  spec.ios.deployment_target = "10.0"
  spec.source       = { :git => "http://127.0.0.1:8088/xml/tools.git", :tag => "#{spec.version}" }
  spec.source_files  = "Classes", "Classes/**/*.{swift}"
  spec.exclude_files = "Classes/Exclude"

  spec.dependency 'HandyJSON', '~> 5.0.1'
  spec.dependency 'SwiftyJSON'
  spec.dependency 'Alamofire', '~> 5.1'
  spec.dependency 'MJRefresh'
  spec.dependency 'MBProgressHUD', '~> 1.2.0'

end

3 LICENSE 文件,我們?cè)诖a倉庫主頁,點(diǎn)擊添加許可證,然后選擇MIT,最后保存提交,LICENSE文件就生成了,最后我們把這個(gè)文件更新到本地倉庫

pod lib lint --allow-warnings

步驟 4:將~/swifttoolspod內(nèi)添加的四樣內(nèi)容推送到gitlab上

步驟 6: 創(chuàng)建配置倉庫Specs Repository
跟創(chuàng)建代碼倉庫一樣，在gitlab上創(chuàng)建一個(gè)倉庫命名為Specs个少，這個(gè)倉庫用來保存.podspec文件洪乍。空倉庫需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建一個(gè)README文件夜焦，因?yàn)間itlab在空倉庫中是沒有分支的壳澳，加個(gè)README讓其自動(dòng)創(chuàng)建master分支

pod repo add SwiftTools http://127.0.0.1:8088/mengliang/Specs.git

步驟 8:將SwiftTools.podspec添加到配置倉庫
在代碼倉庫checkout的路徑~/podspec下面打開Terminal，執(zhí)行push命令

pod repo push Specs ../swifttoolspod/SwiftTools.podspec --allow-warnings

上面命令是將當(dāng)前目錄（_{/podspec）下的SwiftTools.podspec文件推送到}/.cocoapods/repos目錄下SwiftTools文件夾對(duì)應(yīng)的遠(yuǎn)程倉庫中

就像下面出現(xiàn)綠色提示就代表推送成功

macbookdeMacBook-Pro:podspec mac$ pod repo push Specs ../swifttoolspod/SwiftTools.podspec --allow-warnings
/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/universal-darwin19/rbconfig.rb:229: warning: Insecure world writable dir /usr/local/sbin in PATH, mode 040777

Validating spec
 -> SwiftTools (1.0.3)
    - WARN  | description: The description is shorter than the summary.
    - WARN  | url: There was a problem validating the URL http://lerpo.github.io.
    - WARN  | [iOS] swift: The validator used Swift `4.0` by default because no Swift version was specified. To specify a Swift version during validation, add the `swift_versions` attribute in your podspec. Note that usage of a `.swift-version` file is now deprecated.
    - NOTE  | xcodebuild:  note: Using new build system
    - NOTE  | [iOS] xcodebuild:  note: Planning build
    - NOTE  | [iOS] xcodebuild:  note: Constructing build description
    - NOTE  | [iOS] xcodebuild:  note: Execution policy exception registration failed and was skipped: Error Domain=NSPOSIXErrorDomain Code=1 "Operation not permitted" (in target 'MJRefresh' from project 'Pods')
    - NOTE  | [iOS] xcodebuild:  note: Execution policy exception registration failed and was skipped: Error Domain=NSPOSIXErrorDomain Code=1 "Operation not permitted" (in target 'SwiftyJSON' from project 'Pods')
    - NOTE  | [iOS] xcodebuild:  note: Execution policy exception registration failed and was skipped: Error Domain=NSPOSIXErrorDomain Code=1 "Operation not permitted" (in target 'MBProgressHUD' from project 'Pods')
    - NOTE  | [iOS] xcodebuild:  note: Execution policy exception registration failed and was skipped: Error Domain=NSPOSIXErrorDomain Code=1 "Operation not permitted" (in target 'HandyJSON' from project 'Pods')
    - NOTE  | [iOS] xcodebuild:  note: Execution policy exception registration failed and was skipped: Error Domain=NSPOSIXErrorDomain Code=1 "Operation not permitted" (in target 'Alamofire' from project 'Pods')
    - NOTE  | [iOS] xcodebuild:  note: Execution policy exception registration failed and was skipped: Error Domain=NSPOSIXErrorDomain Code=1 "Operation not permitted" (in target 'SwiftTools' from project 'Pods')
    - NOTE  | [iOS] xcodebuild:  note: Execution policy exception registration failed and was skipped: Error Domain=NSPOSIXErrorDomain Code=1 "Operation not permitted" (in target 'Pods-App' from project 'Pods')
    - NOTE  | [iOS] xcodebuild:  note: Execution policy exception registration failed and was skipped: Error Domain=NSPOSIXErrorDomain Code=1 "Operation not permitted" (in target 'App' from project 'App')
    - NOTE  | [iOS] xcodebuild:  warning: Skipping code signing because the target does not have an Info.plist file and one is not being generated automatically. (in target 'App' from project 'App')

Updating the `Specs' repo


Adding the spec to the `Specs' repo

 - [Fix] SwiftTools (1.0.3)

Pushing the `Specs' repo


[!] 'SwiftTools' uses the unencrypted 'http' protocol to transfer the Pod. Please be sure you're in a safe network with only trusted hosts. Otherwise, please reach out to the library author to notify them of this security issue.

OK 萬事具備了,我們開始在項(xiàng)目中使用了

步驟 9:使用私有庫,項(xiàng)目配置profile文件

pod install

更新完依賴庫,我們就可以運(yùn)行項(xiàng)目了, 接下來我們看一下我們更新了私有庫我們?cè)撊绾尾僮?/p>

四 更新私有庫

步驟 1 修改私有庫Code Repository源碼后,我們要修改.podspec描述文件,尤其要改版本號(hào)

在.podspec文件目錄下執(zhí)行 pod lib lint --allow-warnings命令

macbookdeMacBook-Pro:podspec mac$ pod repo push Specs ../swifttoolspod/SwiftTools.podspec --allow-warnings

macbookdeMacBook-Pro:podspec mac$ pod repo push Specs ../swifttoolspod/SwiftTools.podspec --allow-warnings
/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/universal-darwin19/rbconfig.rb:229: warning: Insecure world writable dir /usr/local/sbin in PATH, mode 040777

Validating spec
 -> SwiftTools (1.0.3)
    - WARN  | description: The description is shorter than the summary.
    - WARN  | url: There was a problem validating the URL http://lerpo.github.io.
    - WARN  | [iOS] swift: The validator used Swift `4.0` by default because no Swift version was specified. To specify a Swift version during validation, add the `swift_versions` attribute in your podspec. Note that usage of a `.swift-version` file is now deprecated.
    - NOTE  | xcodebuild:  note: Using new build system
    - NOTE  | [iOS] xcodebuild:  note: Planning build
    - NOTE  | [iOS] xcodebuild:  note: Constructing build description
    - NOTE  | [iOS] xcodebuild:  note: Execution policy exception registration failed and was skipped: Error Domain=NSPOSIXErrorDomain Code=1 "Operation not permitted" (in target 'MJRefresh' from project 'Pods')
    - NOTE  | [iOS] xcodebuild:  note: Execution policy exception registration failed and was skipped: Error Domain=NSPOSIXErrorDomain Code=1 "Operation not permitted" (in target 'SwiftyJSON' from project 'Pods')
    - NOTE  | [iOS] xcodebuild:  note: Execution policy exception registration failed and was skipped: Error Domain=NSPOSIXErrorDomain Code=1 "Operation not permitted" (in target 'MBProgressHUD' from project 'Pods')
    - NOTE  | [iOS] xcodebuild:  note: Execution policy exception registration failed and was skipped: Error Domain=NSPOSIXErrorDomain Code=1 "Operation not permitted" (in target 'HandyJSON' from project 'Pods')
    - NOTE  | [iOS] xcodebuild:  note: Execution policy exception registration failed and was skipped: Error Domain=NSPOSIXErrorDomain Code=1 "Operation not permitted" (in target 'Alamofire' from project 'Pods')
    - NOTE  | [iOS] xcodebuild:  note: Execution policy exception registration failed and was skipped: Error Domain=NSPOSIXErrorDomain Code=1 "Operation not permitted" (in target 'SwiftTools' from project 'Pods')
    - NOTE  | [iOS] xcodebuild:  note: Execution policy exception registration failed and was skipped: Error Domain=NSPOSIXErrorDomain Code=1 "Operation not permitted" (in target 'Pods-App' from project 'Pods')
    - NOTE  | [iOS] xcodebuild:  note: Execution policy exception registration failed and was skipped: Error Domain=NSPOSIXErrorDomain Code=1 "Operation not permitted" (in target 'App' from project 'App')
    - NOTE  | [iOS] xcodebuild:  warning: Skipping code signing because the target does not have an Info.plist file and one is not being generated automatically. (in target 'App' from project 'App')

Updating the `Specs' repo


Adding the spec to the `Specs' repo

 - [Fix] SwiftTools (1.0.3)

Pushing the `Specs' repo


[!] 'SwiftTools' uses the unencrypted 'http' protocol to transfer the Pod. Please be sure you're in a safe network with only trusted hosts. Otherwise, please reach out to the library author to notify them of this security issue.

成功后進(jìn)入下一步操作
步驟 6 修改項(xiàng)目profile文件
步驟 7 在項(xiàng)目根目錄執(zhí)行

pod install

步驟 8 運(yùn)行項(xiàng)目

總結(jié):如果項(xiàng)目再更新,那就循環(huán)往復(fù)這8個(gè)步驟,我們可以看到這些步驟很多很繁瑣,借助CI/CD這些都可以自動(dòng)化操作(這個(gè)有時(shí)間再搞,大致就是docker部署jenkins,然后寫python腳本執(zhí)行上面的步驟操作,最后建個(gè)job構(gòu)建)

五 問題總結(jié)

1 pod代碼問題

我們從項(xiàng)目抽離出來的代碼放到私有pod倉庫,由于swift文件權(quán)限問題,并不能什么都不改就能直接引入到項(xiàng)目中使用. 我們需要修改文件權(quán)限. 這可是工作量很大的工作,做過你就知道了. 所以項(xiàng)目模塊化是很耗費(fèi)精力的

遇到的權(quán)限問題,主要是你的方法要不要公開,允不允許別人重寫
open:公開的茫经，內(nèi)部外部模塊都可訪問巷波，這個(gè)開放性最大；public:也是公開的,但還是與open有所區(qū)別科平。
open與public區(qū)別：public在只能限制在定義所在模塊內(nèi)部進(jìn)行繼承與方法的重寫褥紫，而open則是只要模塊有被import，在可在此模塊中繼承或者重寫被import進(jìn)來的模塊中的類或方法瞪慧。

2 項(xiàng)目引用問題

引入私有庫,在用法到私有庫的地方別忘了導(dǎo)入頭文件

最后我們?cè)贁U(kuò)展一下,如果我有好多個(gè)公共庫我們?cè)撊绾喂芾? 這些公共庫如果有項(xiàng)目依賴怎么辦??? 歡迎大家一起討論

最后的最后我把示例代碼貼出來:
項(xiàng)目代碼:https://github.com/lerpo/swiftproject/branches/all

抽離的pod庫代碼: xxxxx.github.com

項(xiàng)目運(yùn)行起來的示例圖給大家來一張,都是美女噢??