1.介紹
Xmodem是一種在串口通信中廣泛使用的異步文件傳輸協(xié)議绝淡,分為Xmodem(使用128字節(jié)的數(shù)據(jù)塊)和1k-Xmodem(使用1024字節(jié)即1k字節(jié)的數(shù)據(jù)塊)協(xié)議兩種埃脏。
本文實(shí)現(xiàn)的是128字節(jié)數(shù)據(jù)塊的Xmodem協(xié)議揽惹,采用CRC16校驗(yàn),在項(xiàng)目中應(yīng)用時(shí)秸弛,發(fā)送端和接收端可根據(jù)具體情況修改雙方的協(xié)議铭若。
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Xmodem協(xié)議(使用128字節(jié)的數(shù)據(jù)塊)幀格式:
Byte1 | Byte2 | Byte3 | Byte4 ~ byte131 | Byte132 |
---|---|---|---|---|
控制字符 | 包序號 | 包序號的反碼 | 數(shù)據(jù) | 校驗(yàn)和 |
如果你對串口通信還不太了解洪碳,可以看下我寫的這篇博客使用Java實(shí)現(xiàn)串口通信。
2.實(shí)現(xiàn)
在和嵌入式同學(xué)調(diào)試的過程中奥喻,發(fā)現(xiàn)發(fā)送端發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)過快偶宫,導(dǎo)致接收端處理不過來,所以在send方法中開啟了一個(gè)子線程來處理數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送邏輯环鲤,方便加入延時(shí)處理纯趋。
接收方法中,發(fā)送C是表示以CRC方式校驗(yàn)冷离。
public class Xmodem {
// 開始
private final byte SOH = 0x01;
// 結(jié)束
private final byte EOT = 0x04;
// 應(yīng)答
private final byte ACK = 0x06;
// 重傳
private final byte NAK = 0x15;
// 無條件結(jié)束
private final byte CAN = 0x18;
// 以128字節(jié)塊的形式傳輸數(shù)據(jù)
private final int SECTOR_SIZE = 128;
// 最大錯(cuò)誤(無應(yīng)答)包數(shù)
private final int MAX_ERRORS = 10;
// 輸入流吵冒,用于讀取串口數(shù)據(jù)
private InputStream inputStream;
// 輸出流,用于發(fā)送串口數(shù)據(jù)
private OutputStream outputStream;
public Xmodem(InputStream inputStream, OutputStream outputStream) {
this.inputStream = inputStream;
this.outputStream = outputStream;
}
/**
* 發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)
*
* @param filePath
* 文件路徑
*/
public void send(final String filePath) {
new Thread() {
public void run() {
try {
// 錯(cuò)誤包數(shù)
int errorCount;
// 包序號
byte blockNumber = 0x01;
// 校驗(yàn)和
int checkSum;
// 讀取到緩沖區(qū)的字節(jié)數(shù)量
int nbytes;
// 初始化數(shù)據(jù)緩沖區(qū)
byte[] sector = new byte[SECTOR_SIZE];
// 讀取文件初始化
DataInputStream inputStream = new DataInputStream(
new FileInputStream(filePath));
while ((nbytes = inputStream.read(sector)) > 0) {
// 如果最后一包數(shù)據(jù)小于128個(gè)字節(jié)西剥,以0xff補(bǔ)齊
if (nbytes < SECTOR_SIZE) {
for (int i = nbytes; i < SECTOR_SIZE; i++) {
sector[i] = (byte) 0xff;
}
}
// 同一包數(shù)據(jù)最多發(fā)送10次
errorCount = 0;
while (errorCount < MAX_ERRORS) {
// 組包
// 控制字符 + 包序號 + 包序號的反碼 + 數(shù)據(jù) + 校驗(yàn)和
putData(SOH);
putData(blockNumber);
putData(~blockNumber);
checkSum = CRC16.calc(sector) & 0x00ffff;
putChar(sector, (short) checkSum);
outputStream.flush();
// 獲取應(yīng)答數(shù)據(jù)
byte data = getData();
// 如果收到應(yīng)答數(shù)據(jù)則跳出循環(huán)痹栖,發(fā)送下一包數(shù)據(jù)
// 未收到應(yīng)答,錯(cuò)誤包數(shù)+1瞭空,繼續(xù)重發(fā)
if (data == ACK) {
break;
} else {
++errorCount;
}
}
// 包序號自增
blockNumber = (byte) ((++blockNumber) % 256);
}
// 所有數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送完成后揪阿,發(fā)送結(jié)束標(biāo)識(shí)
boolean isAck = false;
while (!isAck) {
putData(EOT);
isAck = getData() == ACK;
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
};
}.start();
}
/**
* 接收數(shù)據(jù)
*
* @param filePath
* 文件路徑
* @return 是否接收完成
* @throws IOException
* 異常
*/
public boolean receive(String filePath) throws Exception {
// 錯(cuò)誤包數(shù)
int errorCount = 0;
// 包序號
byte blocknumber = 0x01;
// 數(shù)據(jù)
byte data;
// 校驗(yàn)和
int checkSum;
// 初始化數(shù)據(jù)緩沖區(qū)
byte[] sector = new byte[SECTOR_SIZE];
// 寫入文件初始化
DataOutputStream outputStream = new DataOutputStream(
new FileOutputStream(filePath));
// 發(fā)送字符C,CRC方式校驗(yàn)
putData((byte) 0x43);
while (true) {
if (errorCount > MAX_ERRORS) {
outputStream.close();
return false;
}
// 獲取應(yīng)答數(shù)據(jù)
data = getData();
if (data != EOT) {
try {
// 判斷接收到的是否是開始標(biāo)識(shí)
if (data != SOH) {
errorCount++;
continue;
}
// 獲取包序號
data = getData();
// 判斷包序號是否正確
if (data != blocknumber) {
errorCount++;
continue;
}
// 獲取包序號的反碼
byte _blocknumber = (byte) ~getData();
// 判斷包序號的反碼是否正確
if (data != _blocknumber) {
errorCount++;
continue;
}
// 獲取數(shù)據(jù)
for (int i = 0; i < SECTOR_SIZE; i++) {
sector[i] = getData();
}
// 獲取校驗(yàn)和
checkSum = (getData() & 0xff) << 8;
checkSum |= (getData() & 0xff);
// 判斷校驗(yàn)和是否正確
int crc = CRC16.calc(sector);
if (crc != checkSum) {
errorCount++;
continue;
}
// 發(fā)送應(yīng)答
putData(ACK);
// 包序號自增
blocknumber++;
// 將數(shù)據(jù)寫入本地
outputStream.write(sector);
// 錯(cuò)誤包數(shù)歸零
errorCount = 0;
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 如果出錯(cuò)發(fā)送重傳標(biāo)識(shí)
if (errorCount != 0) {
putData(NAK);
}
}
} else {
break;
}
}
// 關(guān)閉輸出流
outputStream.close();
// 發(fā)送應(yīng)答
putData(ACK);
return true;
}
/**
* 獲取數(shù)據(jù)
*
* @return 數(shù)據(jù)
* @throws IOException
* 異常
*/
private byte getData() throws IOException {
return (byte) inputStream.read();
}
/**
* 發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)
*
* @param data
* 數(shù)據(jù)
* @throws IOException
* 異常
*/
private void putData(int data) throws IOException {
outputStream.write((byte) data);
}
/**
* 發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)
*
* @param data
* 數(shù)據(jù)
* @param checkSum
* 校驗(yàn)和
* @throws IOException
* 異常
*/
private void putChar(byte[] data, short checkSum) throws IOException {
ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.allocate(data.length + 2).order(
ByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN);
bb.put(data);
bb.putShort(checkSum);
outputStream.write(bb.array());
}
}
CRC16校驗(yàn)算法咆畏,采用的是查表法南捂。
public class CRC16 {
private static final char crctable[] = { 0x0000, 0x1021, 0x2042, 0x3063,
0x4084, 0x50a5, 0x60c6, 0x70e7, 0x8108, 0x9129, 0xa14a, 0xb16b,
0xc18c, 0xd1ad, 0xe1ce, 0xf1ef, 0x1231, 0x0210, 0x3273, 0x2252,
0x52b5, 0x4294, 0x72f7, 0x62d6, 0x9339, 0x8318, 0xb37b, 0xa35a,
0xd3bd, 0xc39c, 0xf3ff, 0xe3de, 0x2462, 0x3443, 0x0420, 0x1401,
0x64e6, 0x74c7, 0x44a4, 0x5485, 0xa56a, 0xb54b, 0x8528, 0x9509,
0xe5ee, 0xf5cf, 0xc5ac, 0xd58d, 0x3653, 0x2672, 0x1611, 0x0630,
0x76d7, 0x66f6, 0x5695, 0x46b4, 0xb75b, 0xa77a, 0x9719, 0x8738,
0xf7df, 0xe7fe, 0xd79d, 0xc7bc, 0x48c4, 0x58e5, 0x6886, 0x78a7,
0x0840, 0x1861, 0x2802, 0x3823, 0xc9cc, 0xd9ed, 0xe98e, 0xf9af,
0x8948, 0x9969, 0xa90a, 0xb92b, 0x5af5, 0x4ad4, 0x7ab7, 0x6a96,
0x1a71, 0x0a50, 0x3a33, 0x2a12, 0xdbfd, 0xcbdc, 0xfbbf, 0xeb9e,
0x9b79, 0x8b58, 0xbb3b, 0xab1a, 0x6ca6, 0x7c87, 0x4ce4, 0x5cc5,
0x2c22, 0x3c03, 0x0c60, 0x1c41, 0xedae, 0xfd8f, 0xcdec, 0xddcd,
0xad2a, 0xbd0b, 0x8d68, 0x9d49, 0x7e97, 0x6eb6, 0x5ed5, 0x4ef4,
0x3e13, 0x2e32, 0x1e51, 0x0e70, 0xff9f, 0xefbe, 0xdfdd, 0xcffc,
0xbf1b, 0xaf3a, 0x9f59, 0x8f78, 0x9188, 0x81a9, 0xb1ca, 0xa1eb,
0xd10c, 0xc12d, 0xf14e, 0xe16f, 0x1080, 0x00a1, 0x30c2, 0x20e3,
0x5004, 0x4025, 0x7046, 0x6067, 0x83b9, 0x9398, 0xa3fb, 0xb3da,
0xc33d, 0xd31c, 0xe37f, 0xf35e, 0x02b1, 0x1290, 0x22f3, 0x32d2,
0x4235, 0x5214, 0x6277, 0x7256, 0xb5ea, 0xa5cb, 0x95a8, 0x8589,
0xf56e, 0xe54f, 0xd52c, 0xc50d, 0x34e2, 0x24c3, 0x14a0, 0x0481,
0x7466, 0x6447, 0x5424, 0x4405, 0xa7db, 0xb7fa, 0x8799, 0x97b8,
0xe75f, 0xf77e, 0xc71d, 0xd73c, 0x26d3, 0x36f2, 0x0691, 0x16b0,
0x6657, 0x7676, 0x4615, 0x5634, 0xd94c, 0xc96d, 0xf90e, 0xe92f,
0x99c8, 0x89e9, 0xb98a, 0xa9ab, 0x5844, 0x4865, 0x7806, 0x6827,
0x18c0, 0x08e1, 0x3882, 0x28a3, 0xcb7d, 0xdb5c, 0xeb3f, 0xfb1e,
0x8bf9, 0x9bd8, 0xabbb, 0xbb9a, 0x4a75, 0x5a54, 0x6a37, 0x7a16,
0x0af1, 0x1ad0, 0x2ab3, 0x3a92, 0xfd2e, 0xed0f, 0xdd6c, 0xcd4d,
0xbdaa, 0xad8b, 0x9de8, 0x8dc9, 0x7c26, 0x6c07, 0x5c64, 0x4c45,
0x3ca2, 0x2c83, 0x1ce0, 0x0cc1, 0xef1f, 0xff3e, 0xcf5d, 0xdf7c,
0xaf9b, 0xbfba, 0x8fd9, 0x9ff8, 0x6e17, 0x7e36, 0x4e55, 0x5e74,
0x2e93, 0x3eb2, 0x0ed1, 0x1ef0 };
public static char calc(byte[] bytes) {
char crc = 0x0000;
for (byte b : bytes) {
crc = (char) ((crc << 8) ^ crctable[((crc >> 8) ^ b) & 0x00ff]);
}
return (char) (crc);
}
}
3.使用
// serialPort為串口對象
Xmodem xmodem = new Xmodem(serialPort.getInputStream(),serialPort.getOutputStream());
// filePath為文件路徑
// ./bin/xxx.bin
xmodem.send(filePath);