在神奇的說(shuō)明——Java Annotation（注解）中介紹了如何在運(yùn)行時(shí)透過(guò)反射的方式獲取注解信息。
那么編譯時(shí)如何獲取注解信息呢逝撬？
其實(shí)定铜，編譯時(shí) Annotation 指 @Retention 為 CLASS 的 Annotation，是由 APT(Annotation Processing Tool) 自動(dòng)解析的。APT在編譯時(shí)根據(jù)resources資源文件夾下的META-INF/services/javax.annotation.processing.Processor自動(dòng)查找所有繼承自 AbstractProcessor 的類哄芜，然后調(diào)用他們的 process 方法去處理。
核心步驟如下：
- 新建兩個(gè)注解
PrintMe和PrintMe2
package panda.annotation;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
public @interface PrintMe {
}
package panda.annotation;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
public @interface PrintMe2 {
}
- 新建編譯時(shí)處理類MyProcessor
package panda.annotation;
import java.util.Set;
import javax.annotation.processing.AbstractProcessor;
import javax.annotation.processing.Messager;
import javax.annotation.processing.RoundEnvironment;
import javax.annotation.processing.SupportedAnnotationTypes;
import javax.lang.model.SourceVersion;
import javax.lang.model.element.Element;
import javax.lang.model.element.TypeElement;
import javax.tools.Diagnostic;
@SupportedAnnotationTypes({"panda.annotation.PrintMe","panda.annotation.PrintMe2"})
public class MyProcessor extends AbstractProcessor {
public boolean process(Set<? extends TypeElement> annotations, RoundEnvironment env) {
Messager messager = processingEnv.getMessager();
for (TypeElement te : annotations) {
messager.printMessage(Diagnostic.Kind.NOTE, "Printing: " + te);
if (te instanceof PrintMe){
for (Element e : env.getElementsAnnotatedWith(te)) {
messager.printMessage(Diagnostic.Kind.NOTE, "\t**Printing: " + e.toString());
}
}
else{
for (Element e : env.getElementsAnnotatedWith(te)) {
messager.printMessage(Diagnostic.Kind.NOTE, "\t--Printing: " + e.toString());
}
}
}
return true;
}
@Override
public SourceVersion getSupportedSourceVersion() {
return SourceVersion.latestSupported();
}
}
- 為了這個(gè)處理器在編譯時(shí)被調(diào)用柬唯，需要在META-INF中顯示標(biāo)識(shí)认臊。在resources資源文件夾下新建META-INF/services/
javax.annotation.processing.Processor，把MyProcessor放在里面
panda.annotation.MyProcessor
- 新建測(cè)試類锄奢，進(jìn)行注解測(cè)試
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import panda.annotation.PrintMe;
import panda.annotation.PrintMe2;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
@PrintMe
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
}
@PrintMe
@Override
protected void onStart() {
super.onStart();
}
@PrintMe
@Override
protected void onResume() {
super.onResume();
}
@PrintMe2
@Override
protected void onPause() {
super.onPause();
}
@PrintMe2
@Override
protected void onStop() {
super.onStop();
}
@PrintMe2
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
}
}
編譯后失晴，輸入的編譯日志為
注: Printing: panda.annotation.PrintMe
注: --Printing: onCreate(android.os.Bundle)
注: --Printing: onStart()
注: --Printing: onResume()
注: Printing: panda.annotation.PrintMe2
注: --Printing: onPause()
注: --Printing: onStop()
注: --Printing: onDestroy()
解析JsonAnnotation
JsonAnnotation是一個(gè)典型的編譯時(shí)注解庫(kù)。
package kale.net.json.annotation;
import java.lang.annotation.Documented;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
/**
* @author Jack Tony
* @date 2015/8/13
*/
@Documented
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.CLASS)
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
public @interface Json2Model {
String modelName();
String jsonStr();
// custom the model's package name
String packageName() default "";
}
其處理流程為：
- 根據(jù)注解拘央，獲得
包名涂屁、類名和json字符串。 - 把
類名和json字符串送入 jsonformat 包灰伟，獲得對(duì)應(yīng)的Model類字符串拆又。 - 根據(jù)
包名、類名和Model類字符串栏账，寫入java文件帖族。
核心代碼如下：
package kale.net.json.processor;
import com.jsonformat.JsonParserHelper;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.Set;
import javax.annotation.processing.AbstractProcessor;
import javax.annotation.processing.ProcessingEnvironment;
import javax.annotation.processing.RoundEnvironment;
import javax.annotation.processing.SupportedAnnotationTypes;
import javax.annotation.processing.SupportedSourceVersion;
import javax.lang.model.SourceVersion;
import javax.lang.model.element.Element;
import javax.lang.model.element.TypeElement;
import javax.lang.model.element.VariableElement;
import javax.lang.model.util.Elements;
import javax.tools.Diagnostic;
import javax.tools.JavaFileObject;
import kale.net.json.annotation.Json2Model;
/**
* @author Jack Tony
* @date 2015/8/13
*/
@SupportedAnnotationTypes({"kale.net.json.annotation.Json2Model"})
@SupportedSourceVersion(SourceVersion.RELEASE_7)
public class Json2ModelProcessor extends AbstractProcessor {
private static final String TAG = "[ " + Json2Model.class.getSimpleName() + " ]:";
private Elements elementUtils;
@Override
public synchronized void init(ProcessingEnvironment processingEnv) {
super.init(processingEnv);
elementUtils = processingEnv.getElementUtils();
}
private String packageName;
@Override
public boolean process(Set<? extends TypeElement> annotations, RoundEnvironment roundEnv) {
for (TypeElement te : annotations) {
for (Element e : roundEnv.getElementsAnnotatedWith(te)) {
log("Working on: " + e.toString());
VariableElement varE = (VariableElement) e;
Json2Model json2Model = e.getAnnotation(Json2Model.class);
if (json2Model.packageName().equals("")) {
// no custom package name
/**
* example:
* String GET_USER_INFO = "create/info/user/info";
* result:create/info/user/info
*/
if (varE.getConstantValue() == null) {
fatalError("jsonStr couldn't be final");
}
String url = varE.getConstantValue().toString();
packageName = url2packageName(url);
} else {
// has custom package name
packageName = json2Model.packageName();
}
if (json2Model.jsonStr() == null || json2Model.jsonStr().equals("")) {
fatalError("json string is null");
}
final String clsName = json2Model.modelName();
JsonParserHelper helper = new JsonParserHelper();
helper.parse(json2Model.jsonStr(), clsName, new JsonParserHelper.ParseListener() {
public void onParseComplete(String str) {
createModelClass(packageName, clsName, "package " + packageName + ";\n" + str);
}
public void onParseError(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
fatalError(e.getMessage());
}
});
log("Complete on: " + e.toString());
}
}
return true;
}
private void createModelClass(String packageName, String clsName, String content) {
//PackageElement pkgElement = elementUtils.getPackageElement("");
TypeElement pkgElement = elementUtils.getTypeElement(packageName);
OutputStreamWriter osw = null;
try {
// create a model file
JavaFileObject fileObject = processingEnv.getFiler().createSourceFile(packageName + "." + clsName, pkgElement);
OutputStream os = fileObject.openOutputStream();
osw = new OutputStreamWriter(os, Charset.forName("UTF-8"));
osw.write(content, 0, content.length());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
fatalError(e.getMessage());
} finally {
try {
if (osw != null) {
osw.flush();
osw.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
fatalError(e.getMessage());
}
}
}
private void log(String msg) {
processingEnv.getMessager().printMessage(Diagnostic.Kind.NOTE, TAG + msg);
}
private void fatalError(String msg) {
processingEnv.getMessager().printMessage(Diagnostic.Kind.ERROR, TAG + " FATAL ERROR: " + msg);
}
/**
* /user/test/ - > user.test
*/
public static String url2packageName(String url) {
String packageName = url.replaceAll("/", ".");
if (packageName.startsWith(".")) {
packageName = packageName.substring(1);
}
if (packageName.substring(packageName.length() - 1).equals(".")) {
packageName = packageName.substring(0, packageName.length() - 1);
}
return packageName;
}
}
思考
編譯時(shí)注解可以將一些固定的代碼隱藏起來(lái)，只保留核心邏輯发笔，最典型的應(yīng)用是butterknife
透過(guò)注解BindView把冗余常見(jiàn)的findViewById替換掉了盟萨，最后的代碼結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單清晰，便于理解了讨。
class ExampleActivity extends Activity {
@BindView(R.id.title) TextView title;
@BindView(R.id.subtitle) TextView subtitle;
@BindView(R.id.footer) TextView footer;
@Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.simple_activity);
ButterKnife.bind(this);
// TODO Use fields...
}
}
而json字符串放在java里面捻激，并不是一個(gè)可讀性很強(qiáng)的結(jié)構(gòu)，以后字段增減看起來(lái)也不直觀前计。
String simpleStr = "{\n"
+ " \"id\": 100,\n"
+ " \"body\": \"It is my post\",\n"
+ " \"number\": 0.13,\n"
+ " \"created_at\": \"2014-05-22 19:12:38\"\n"
+ "}";
// 簡(jiǎn)單格式
@Json2Model(modelName = "Simple", jsonStr = simpleStr)
String TEST_SIMPLE = "test/simple"; // api url
所以這時(shí)候采用編譯時(shí)注解并不太合適胞谭。還是提取一個(gè)jar包，批量將json轉(zhuǎn)成model男杈，以后的增減由GsonFormat單個(gè)操作吧丈屹。
參考
- Java 注解
- Annotation實(shí)戰(zhàn)【自定義AbstractProcessor】
- Java Annotation 及幾個(gè)常用開(kāi)源項(xiàng)目注解原理簡(jiǎn)析
Panda
2016-07-13
