如今，素食主義者越來越流行挑围。
作為從豬年開始吃素的Emily礁竞，
每每出去吃飯，總會經(jīng)歷一遍這樣的對話：
在這個(gè)快速發(fā)展的時(shí)代杉辙，鴨梨山大模捂，每天最純粹的享受，就是一日三餐了。
每餐的那半個(gè)小時(shí)狂男，終于可以稍做休息综看，拋開一切塵間的煩惱，享受食物帶來的喜悅岖食。
許多人都覺得：
沒有了肉的飲食
就像知否里沒了小公爺红碑，
柯南里沒了怪盜基德，
吸血鬼沒了人血泡垃，
情人節(jié)沒有配偶析珊，
元宵節(jié)不吃湯圓
……
總之就是很難過！Ｃ镅ā忠寻！
在Emily剛開始吃素的一月份，
一遇到
紅燒排骨
可樂雞翅
叉燒肉
肉餡的包子餃子大粽子
哈喇子就止不住的往下流存和，
完全是憑堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的意志力支撐著不去碰肉奕剃。
那么素食主義者堅(jiān)定的意志力是從哪里來的？吃素真的可以降血脂血壓變瘦變美排毒變健康嗎哑姚？營養(yǎng)君來幫你盤一盤大多數(shù)人吃素的五大原因：
1. 宗教信仰 (Religions and Beliefs)
許多的宗教都提倡吃素祭饭，營養(yǎng)君最想提及的就是漢傳佛教 ／印度教 （耆那教）芜茵。
Lots of religions promote a vegetarian diet. NutriPro wants to mention about the 2 special ones- Chinese Buddhism and Hinduism (Jainism)
1.1. 佛教 Buddhism
佛教講究生命之間的平等叙量，生靈沒有貴賤之分。其一九串，中國佛教講究慈悲為懷绞佩，而慈悲是擴(kuò)充到包括動(dòng)物在內(nèi)的整體“眾生”，殺生食肉正是對這一慈悲原則最嚴(yán)重與根本性的顛覆猪钮。其二品山，佛教還講究生命的輪回。所謂善有善報(bào)烤低，惡有惡報(bào)肘交，食肉會造成無休止的冤報(bào)輪回。打個(gè)比方扑馁，佛教信徒認(rèn)為吃牛肉涯呻，就等于間接性造成這頭牛的痛苦和死亡，正所謂殺生之罪腻要。每個(gè)食牛肉者都需要承擔(dān)一部分的罪孽复罐，若是不誠信懺悔并吃素，不光不能修行成果雄家，來世還需接受相應(yīng)的輪回報(bào)應(yīng)效诅。
Buddhism believes in the equality of lives. In other words, lives should not be divided into hierarchies. First, mercy and pity are significant in Chinese Buddhism. It means to be a mercy to all lives including animals. Killing animals for their meat is controversial with this concept. Second, Buddhism also believes in reincarnation. Virtue is its own reward, and evil will be rewarded with evil. They believe that there are indirect consequences resulting from the animal’s pain and death if they eat the flesh of this animal. This killing is considered as a sin, which means the person eating the flesh needs to be responsible for it. Therefore, if they do not make confession honestly and faithfully, not only that they cannot practice successfully, but also that they will get retributions in their next lives for their sins in this life.
1.2 印度教/耆那教 (Hinduism- Jainism)
印度教（耆那教）是非常嚴(yán)格的素食主義者（Vegan）。他們不吃任何與動(dòng)物沾邊的食物，包括雞蛋和奶制品乱投。他們也不使用任何帶有任何動(dòng)物原材料的生活用品咽笼。 Emily有一位印度朋友是虔誠的教徒，他曾經(jīng)有一次見到了Emily做好的魚肉篡腌，滿臉嫌棄地讓她放遠(yuǎn)一點(diǎn)且在離開時(shí)帶走褐荷。他們吃素的理念主要?dú)w結(jié)于不愿殺生，和不想給生命制造痛苦嘹悼。
許多人會問：難道植物就沒有生命了嗎叛甫？
耆那教對此的解釋非常深切。他們把物種以感官分類杨伙。生物一共有5個(gè)感官其监，分別是觸覺、味覺限匣、嗅覺抖苦、視覺和聽覺。
人類和大部分的哺乳動(dòng)物都擁有5個(gè)感官米死，而植物卻只有一個(gè)感官-?觸覺锌历。
用這種方式對生命體進(jìn)行分類，且人類必須靠吃東西來補(bǔ)充營養(yǎng)峦筒，單單擁有一種感官的生命體究西，基本上指植物，是唯一被允許作為人類食物的物喷。植物被殺死時(shí)卤材，所承受的痛苦遠(yuǎn)比動(dòng)物要小得多。這樣的食物選擇可以解釋為“非暴力的”峦失。
作為一個(gè)健康的群體扇丛，耆那教徒的實(shí)踐者，是一個(gè)未見任何明顯飲食缺陷的素食飲食的一個(gè)成功范例尉辑。所以如果你是素食主義者帆精，可以去多多關(guān)注耆那教徒是怎么健康吃素的！
Jainism has a very strict vegan diet. They do not eat any animal product including eggs and dairy. They do not use any cosmetics or products that are made from animals for daily uses. Emily has a Jainism friend. He used to ask Emily to put the fish she cooked far away from him in the potluck. At the end of the potluck, he also asked Emily to leave with her fish. The reason for being vegan for Jainism is about avoiding killing and causing pain to lives.Many people might ask: What about plants? Don’t they have lives too? Jainist has a deep explanation for that. They classify species by senses. There are five identified senses: touch, taste, smell, sight and hearing. Humans and most mammals have five senses, while plants have only one sense--touch. Classifying life with this method, plus it is clear that human beings must rely on eating. Plants, the living bodies with only one sense, , is the only one used as human food. When a plant is killed, it suffers much less pain than an animal. Such food choices can be interpreted as “non-violent”.
2. 環(huán)境保護(hù)的觀點(diǎn)? （Perspective of saving the environment）
動(dòng)物的養(yǎng)殖是很消耗資源的隧魄，大量的水和糧食都需要用來支持動(dòng)物的生命卓练。據(jù)美國政府統(tǒng)計(jì)，每一頭240磅美國養(yǎng)殖的豬平均要消耗500磅的谷物／黃豆／玉米堤器，也就是說每一年美國的豬就吃下了上百萬噸的糧食昆庇。動(dòng)物也是需要依靠水資源生長的，一頭豬每一天大約會消耗21加侖的水闸溃，一頭牛每天消耗50加侖的水整吆。計(jì)算下來拱撵，每生產(chǎn)一磅牛肉，就要消耗2400加侖的水表蝙。而一磅全麥面粉所用的麥子拴测，只需要180加侖的水資源。簡單來說府蛇，若是用來養(yǎng)殖動(dòng)物的糧食被當(dāng)作人類的食物集索，同樣產(chǎn)量的糧食可以解救許多如今還在饑荒中度日的人們。
動(dòng)物的養(yǎng)殖和生產(chǎn)同時(shí)也增加了碳排放量汇跨，生產(chǎn)大概2磅的牛肉需要釋放的二氧化碳相當(dāng)于開3小時(shí)的車釋放的量务荆。同時(shí)，動(dòng)物的排泄物做成的肥料穷遂，最終都被排放到了河流／湖水／和使食用水中函匕，所以也造成了一定程度上的水污染。還有呢蚪黑，動(dòng)物的養(yǎng)殖地通常在偏遠(yuǎn)的地區(qū)盅惜，運(yùn)輸過程也大大增加了廢氣排放。
許多環(huán)境保護(hù)者為了為這個(gè)世界減少一點(diǎn)饑荒和溫室氣體忌穿，或者是為了清澈的湖泊河流抒寂，選擇了吃素。至于這樣的方式究竟是否能夠保護(hù)環(huán)境掠剑，在全民吃素以前沒有人可以100%的得到確信的答案屈芜。
Cultivation consumes lots of resources. A huge amount of water and grains are needed to support animals. According to statistics of the government of America, pigs grow around 240 pounds, each hog consumes more than 500 pounds of grain, corn, and soybeans; this means that across the U.S., pigs eat tens of millions of tons of feed every year. Animals also need water for growth, one pig needs around 21 gallons of water while a cow needs 50 gallons of water per day. In summarize, 2400 gallons of water is needed for 1 lb of beef. In contrast, 1 lb of grain only needs 180 gallons of water. To simplify, if the resources used for cultivation are used as food for human, the same amount of food production could save a lot of people living with famine.At the same time, cultivation also leads to higher emission of carbon dioxide. Producing a little more than 2 pounds of beef causes more greenhouse-gas emissions than driving a car for three hours. In addition, the waste of animals is used as manure, which usually ends up at the river, lake, and drinking water. Therefore, cultivation also causes contamination of water in certain extent. Moreover, the farms for cultivation are normally located in the suburban area, which leads to higher greenhouse gas emission in transportation.A lot of ecologists choose to be vegetarians in order to not only let the world have less famine and greenhouse gas but also for cleaner lake and rivers. With regards to the impact of vegetarian on the protection of the environment, no one could be 100% certain about the answer before the whole world actually start to be vegetarians.
3.動(dòng)物的生命意義和食物鏈的解釋
有些人吃素不是因?yàn)樽诮绦叛觯膊皇且驗(yàn)榄h(huán)境澡腾，而是因?yàn)?b>人道主義沸伏。許多的動(dòng)物雖然不如人一般聰明糕珊，卻也有幼童的智商和情感动分，比如豬和牛。
想象一下红选，如果是人類被關(guān)在籠子里澜公，擠在一起動(dòng)彈不得，時(shí)不時(shí)的就會有一只爪子伸進(jìn)籠子勾走一個(gè)人喇肋，隨后傳來凄慘的叫聲和血腥味坟乾。
站在動(dòng)物的角度想，這樣的絕望和破裂要如何去承受蝶防？
換一個(gè)角度甚侣，現(xiàn)如今無數(shù)的農(nóng)場專門飼養(yǎng)牲畜作為食物供給。這些牛羊豬雞生來就是被屠殺的间学，因?yàn)槿祟愔恍枰鼈兊娜庖蠓眩敲催@些生命還有屬于自己的意義嗎印荔？被人類下好定義的生命是不是一種對生命的剝削呢？
帶著這樣的疑惑和人道主義的信仰而選擇吃素的大有人在详羡。
Some people are vegetarian not because they are religious, nor for environmental reasons, but because of humanitarianism. Although many animals are not as smart as humans, they also have the same IQ as young children and emotions, such as pigs and cattle.To put it another way, today's countless farms specialize in raising livestock as food supplies. These cows, mutton, and hens were born to be slaughtered. Because humans only need their flesh, do these lives have their own meaning? Are these lives defined by humans a kind of exploitation of life?
4. 健康角度 (Health Perspective)
平日里仍律，我們聽說的素食對人體建康的好處也是層出不窮，比如促進(jìn)減肥实柠，減少疾病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)水泉，增強(qiáng)消化系統(tǒng)，神清氣爽等等窒盐。這些傳聞里有哪些是有科學(xué)依據(jù)的呢草则？
4.1 減肥
從能量角度來說，蔬菜水果蘊(yùn)含的熱量比肉類少得多蟹漓，因此用蔬果來取代肉類確實(shí)可以減少能量攝取畔师。但肉類中所含有的營養(yǎng)對人體來說也是必不可少的，如果真要在飲食中去除肉類牧牢，需要嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)和正確地從不同的素食來源補(bǔ)充相同的營養(yǎng)素看锉。正確的素食習(xí)慣才可以真正地促進(jìn)健康減肥以及避免營養(yǎng)失調(diào)。
Weight loss: From the point of view of energy, vegetables and fruits do contain much fewer calories than meat, so replacing meat with fruits and vegetables can actually reduce energy intake. However, the nutrients contained in meat are also essential to the human body. If you really want to remove the meat in your diet, you need to supplement the same nutrients from different sources carefully and correctly. Correct vegetarian habits can really promote healthy weight loss and avoid malnutrition.
4.2 減少疾病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)
根據(jù)現(xiàn)有的科學(xué)依據(jù)伯铣，結(jié)論是“可能”。成千上萬的研究成果轮纫，大致可以總結(jié)出素食者有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低的趨勢腔寡。最主要的原因包括大量的蔬果減少了不良脂肪的攝入同時(shí)增高了各種維生素和礦物質(zhì)。這些改變對血脂平衡和血壓控制都有很大的影響掌唾，從而會減少慢性疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)并增長壽命放前。另外，素食者通常會有比較健康的生活態(tài)度糯彬，好的習(xí)慣比如規(guī)律地適量運(yùn)動(dòng)凭语，而不良習(xí)慣包括抽煙和酗酒幾率會比較低。在科學(xué)素食的基礎(chǔ)上撩扒，各種因素加在一起似扔，素食可以有效加強(qiáng)健康。
Reduce disease risk: Based on existing scientific evidence, the conclusion is “possible”. Thousands of research results can roughly sum up to the trend of risk reduction for vegetarians. The main reason is that a large number of fruits and vegetables reduce the intake of bad fat and increase that of various vitamins and minerals. These changes have a large impact on blood lipid balance and blood pressure control, which reduces the risk of chronic disease and increases longevity. In addition, vegetarians usually have a healthier attitude towards life, good habits such as regular exercise; bad habits, including smoking and alcohol abuse, are lower. On the basis of scientific vegetarianism, various factors are added together, and vegetarianism can effectively strengthen health.
4.3 增強(qiáng)消化系統(tǒng)
這里通常會指助于消化吸收和改善便秘搓谆。蔬果里含有豐富的益生元和膳食纖維炒辉，有助于腸胃里微生物的健康，從而加強(qiáng)營養(yǎng)吸收和排便泉手。食肉的盆友如果攝入適量的蔬果黔寇，也可以有效改善同樣的問題。
Enhance the digestive system: This usually refers to nutrient absorption and improvement of constipation. Fruits and vegetables are rich in prebiotics and dietary fibre, which help the health of microorganisms in the stomach and intestines, thereby enhancing nutrient absorption and defecation. Carnivorous friends can also effectively improve the same problem if consuming an adequate amount of fruits and vegetables.
4.4 神清氣爽 （Feeling Fresh）
很多試驗(yàn)了短期的素食體驗(yàn)后會覺得從上到下一身輕斩萌。這個(gè)暫時(shí)還沒有確切的科學(xué)依據(jù)缝裤，有可能的原因包括減少精神壓力状囱。
飲食更加清淡，還有一些很受歡迎的說法比如減少毒素的攝入倘是，清理血液亭枷，美容養(yǎng)顏等等。這些說法還有待考證搀崭，但如果真的可以改善個(gè)人的精神狀態(tài)叨粘，科學(xué)素食會是個(gè)不錯(cuò)的選擇。
5. 純粹不愛吃肉? （Simply do not like meat）
當(dāng)然瘤睹，有不少朋友單純的不喜歡吃肉升敲，原因包括口感、腥味或一些不好的回憶轰传。有些是比常人更敏感驴党，可以用香料來蓋住肉本身的味道，但嚴(yán)重的甚至?xí)械?b>反胃获茬。如果你身邊有類似的親人或朋友港庄，盡量用口味不同去理解他們，因?yàn)閷@個(gè)話題百談不厭經(jīng)常會造成對方的無奈和難堪恕曲。
Of course, many people simply don't like meat, for reasons including texture, taste or some bad memories. Some are more sensitive than ordinary people and can use spices to cover the taste of the meat itself, but more severe ones could feel nausea. If you have similar relatives or friends around you, try to understand them with the concept of different taste preference, because talking about this topic endlessly often cause embarrassment.
每個(gè)人的身體情況都有所不同鹏氧，如果你覺得自己不知道如何平衡飲食，營養(yǎng)君建議你多多了解自己的身體和分析自己的飲食佩谣，或是去看一看營養(yǎng)師做一個(gè)私人的健康計(jì)劃把还。
飲食就如穿衣，沒有所謂好壞茸俭，合適自己才是最重要的吊履。
