?? ? （原文取自格陵蘭航空公司雜志《Suluk》2017年02期）

An old dream has come true. Over the next couple of years, Greenland could have one or two areas designated as ?sites of significant importance to humanity ?. – It is high time, says expert辕坝。

一個(gè)古老的夢想成為現(xiàn)實(shí)。在接下來的幾年里缰猴，格陵蘭有一個(gè)或兩個(gè)地區(qū)可能要被指定為“對人類有重要價(jià)值的地點(diǎn)”。——現(xiàn)在是時(shí)候了镣奋，專家說枪汪。
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???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?——Text: Niels Ole Qvist ?作者：Niels Ole Qvist

Everywhere, tourism bosses are licking their lips at the prospect of areas becoming designated UNESCO world heritage sites. The list of sites includes more than 1000 attractions- iconic buildings like the pyramids and the Great Wall of China; places like the wonderful Australian coral reef, the Grand Canyon and the Galápagos Islands.
無論什么地方，旅游業(yè)的老板們都垂涎欲滴地期盼自家的哪個(gè)地區(qū)能被聯(lián)合國教科文組織指定為世界文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)地世澜。這個(gè)地點(diǎn)的名單包括1000多個(gè)名勝古跡——標(biāo)志性建筑独旷，像埃及金字塔和中國的長城；或者像澳大利亞大堡礁、科羅拉多大峽谷以及加拉帕戈斯群島（太平洋東部的火山群島嵌洼，屬于厄瓜多爾）這樣的景點(diǎn)案疲。
At present, Greenland is represented with one site: the Ilulissat Icefjord. But in July, when the 21 members of the heritage committee sit down around the oval table in Krakow, Poland, it will be time to hold one’s breath. Here, it will be decided if the farming culture in South Greenland is to be included in this distinguished company.

? ? ? ? （上圖）South Greenland has a history with Vikings, Norse and Inuit.維京海盜、挪威人和因紐特人一起構(gòu)成了格陵蘭南部的古老歷史麻养。

目前褐啡，格陵蘭有一處代表性地點(diǎn)：Ilulissat的冰峽灣。但是在六月鳖昌，當(dāng)21名遺產(chǎn)委員會(huì)成員在波蘭的克拉科夫圍坐在橢圓桌子前备畦，那將是一個(gè)屏息等待的緊張時(shí)刻。屆時(shí)將決定這個(gè)格陵蘭南部的農(nóng)業(yè)文明是否能夠進(jìn)入這個(gè)杰出隊(duì)伍许昨。
There is a lot at stake. UNESCO’s stamp of approval can result in a stream of tourists and help to lift the entire region. World heritage sites are often at the top of the list when cruise ships plan their summer routes and travel agents promote their new holiday destinations.

這里有許多利害關(guān)系懂盐。聯(lián)合國教科文組織的認(rèn)證能夠帶來游客的涌入，幫助帶動(dòng)整個(gè)地區(qū)旅游業(yè)發(fā)展糕档。世界遺產(chǎn)景點(diǎn)常常是游輪夏天旅游路線計(jì)劃的首選莉恼，也是旅游公司極力推銷的新的度假目的地
– When tourists with deep pockets book their holidays, they go directly after UNESCO heritage sites. The importance
can hardly be overestimated, says department head Lise Lyck, Copenhagen Business School, who has worked with Greenland’s business community for several years.
——“當(dāng)有經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力的游客計(jì)劃他們的度假，他們會(huì)直接選擇聯(lián)合國教科文組織世界遺產(chǎn)地翼岁。其重要性怎么高估也不過分”类垫，哥本哈根商學(xué)院系主任Lise Lyck說。Lise Lyck已經(jīng)與格陵蘭商業(yè)界合作了許多年琅坡。

– Throughout the realm, there has been too much reluctance to exploit these opportunities. But now things are moving, also in Greenland, and that is really good, she adds.
——“在整個(gè)（丹麥）王國悉患，利用這些因素曾經(jīng)有太多阻力。但是現(xiàn)在事情向前推進(jìn)中榆俺∈墼辏”

? ? ? ? ? （上圖）The Crown Prince Couple was in East Greenland last summer, where they enjoyed the good weather, the beautiful nature and were informed about how things were going with the application to be added to the list of UNESCO’s World Heritage Sites.
丹麥王國王儲(chǔ)夫婦去年夏天造訪格陵蘭東部，享受怡人天氣和絢麗風(fēng)景茴晋，并聽取關(guān)于申遺材料遞交和進(jìn)展情況的回報(bào)陪捷。

The exam 考試

When you visit South Greenland in summer, it is impossible not to be seduced by the magic of nature; the verdant valleys, icebergs sparkling in the sun, bleating sheep, towering mountain peaks and picturesque fjords. The light nights alone can induce an extra heartbeat.
當(dāng)你在夏天到訪南部格陵蘭，你不可能不被神奇的大自然吸引诺擅；青翠的山谷市袖，陽光下閃閃發(fā)光的冰山，咩咩叫的綿羊烁涌，高聳的山峰苍碟，還有風(fēng)景如畫的海灣。單是那明亮的夜晚撮执，就足以給你格外的怦然心動(dòng)微峰。

But UNESCO’s world heritage list is not a beauty pageant. The area’s magic also play a role in the evaluation, but there should also be a significant story to tell. The place must be ?of significant importance to humanity ?as it is stated in the criteria.
但是教科文組織的世界文化遺產(chǎn)的認(rèn)定不是選美比賽。這個(gè)地方的神奇發(fā)揮著重要作用抒钱，但也要能有重要內(nèi)容可說蜓肆。依照評選標(biāo)準(zhǔn)所闡明的颜凯，這個(gè)地方必須是“對人類有重要意義”。

So it has taken a lot of hard work to formulate an application. There was a huge amount of preparation work and it has taken many years. The effort culminated in December 2016 when curator Christian Koch Madsen from the National Museum of Greenland and architect Bolette Lehn from The Board of Culture were interviewed at the UNESCO headquarters in Paris. Up to 20 experts were seated in the room and were able to ask questions during the 30-minute long session.
因此仗扬，起草申請需要做大量的繁重工作症概。有巨大的準(zhǔn)備工作，并且需要花費(fèi)很多年的時(shí)間早芭。到了2016年12月穴豫，當(dāng)格陵蘭國家博物館館長Christian Koch Madsen和文化文員會(huì)建筑師Bolette Lehn被聯(lián)合國教科文組織總部在巴黎召見，所有這些努力達(dá)到高潮逼友。那里將要面對的是精肃，20多位專家聚集房間，長達(dá)30分鐘的會(huì)議帜乞，可能要問到的很多問題司抱。

– It felt like an examination, but we were prepared for most of the questions and they indicated that they were pleased with our input. I believe we have a strong case, says Christian Koch Madsen.
——“感覺就像是一場考試，但是對大多數(shù)的問題我們都有準(zhǔn)備黎烈，他們也指出對我們的回答很滿意习柠。我相信我們有強(qiáng)有力的論據(jù)”，Christian Koch Madsen 說照棋。

? ? （上圖）Until now, the Ice Fjord at Ilulissat is the only unique natural site to be put on the list. Here, the influx of tourists has grown hugely.
到目前為止资溃，以魯利賽特（Ilulissat）的冰峽灣是申遺名單中唯一的獨(dú)特的自然景觀。這里游客大批涌入烈炭，數(shù)量猛增溶锭。

Bridging the gap ?縮小差距

Former curator at the National Museum of Greenland, Georg Nyegaard, is also optimistic. 10 years ago, he was assigned to the steering committee of the time.
格陵蘭國家博物館前任館長Georg Nyegaard也表示很樂觀。10年前符隙，他被委派到當(dāng)時(shí)的籌備委員會(huì)趴捅。

– I always believed we would succeed. The original idea came from back in Jonathan Motzfeldt’s time. Since then, work of varying intensity has been done on the project, he says and substantiates his faith in the application thus:
——“我一直相信我們能夠成功。這事的最初構(gòu)想起于Jonathan Motzfeldt任職時(shí)期（1979年擔(dān)任格陵蘭第一任首相霹疫，2010年10月28日去世）拱绑。從那時(shí)起，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的不同程度的工作就開始著手”丽蝎，Georg Nyegaard說猎拨。同時(shí)他還對申請充滿信心的緣由給出了如下的實(shí)證描述：

“East Greenland has inalienable values and the Arctic is on everyone’s lips due to the climate”
格陵蘭東部有不可剝奪的價(jià)值，因?yàn)闅夂蛟蛲雷瑁睒O是一個(gè)人人議論熱點(diǎn)红省。

– In 2008 there was a scientific conference about the Norse settlers in connection with the 600th anniversary for the wedding in Hvalsey Church. There were 60-70 leading specialists and there was broad consensus that South Greenland had a huge potential as a world heritage site. There are many qualities: The well-preserved sites, not least the church ruins where you really feel the history. And it was here, that the first cultural meeting between east and west - the Inuit and the Europeans – took place.
——2008年，在霍爾西教堂（Hvalsey Church）婚禮600年紀(jì)念的之際（見下注）召開過關(guān)于挪威移民的學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議栏笆。有60～70位的重要專家到會(huì)类腮，并達(dá)成了廣泛共識臊泰，認(rèn)為格陵蘭南部有巨大潛力成為世界文化遺產(chǎn)地蛉加。它具備很多特質(zhì)：保存良好的遺址蚜枢，尤其是教堂遺跡，讓你真正能夠感受到歷史针饥。也是在這里厂抽，東方和西方的文明之間第一次產(chǎn)生交匯——因紐特人和歐洲人——做到的丁眼。
【譯者注】霍爾西教堂遺址——格陵蘭南部Qaqortoq附近的維京時(shí)期挪威人建造的石教堂的廢墟】攴铮現(xiàn)存有保留下來的1408年在這里舉行過婚禮的文獻(xiàn)記錄。這也被視為在格陵蘭的維京定居者的最后一個(gè)書面記錄苞七。以后挪威人就離開了格陵蘭藐守。
The nominated farming landscape is almost 350 square kilometres and covers localities that represent the Greenlandic Norse culture. The top attractions are Erik the Red’s farm, Brattahlid in Qassiarsuk and the seat of the bishop at Gardar in Igaliku. Curator Inge Bisgaard explains that it has been a challenge to link Norse history with Inuit history. They are chronologically separate, but historically connected periods.
被提名的方圓350平方公里的農(nóng)業(yè)景觀以及所覆蓋地區(qū)，代表了格陵蘭斯堪的納維亞文化特色蹂风。最有吸引力的是位于Qassiarsuk的紅胡子埃里克農(nóng)場卢厂，伊奎利庫村落（Igaliku）加達(dá)（見下注）主教的座堂。
【譯者注】霍爾西教堂遺址——格陵蘭南部Qaqortoq附近的維京時(shí)期挪威人建造的石教堂的廢墟』葑模現(xiàn)存有保留下來的1408年在這里舉行過婚禮的文獻(xiàn)記錄慎恒。這也被視為在格陵蘭的維京定居者的最后一個(gè)書面記錄。以后挪威人就離開了格陵蘭撵渡。

– But we have succeeded in weaving the history together very well in the final application, she notes.
——“但是在最終的申請資料中融柬，我們已經(jīng)成功地把歷史非常好地編織到了一起，”

World heritage on a big scale 大規(guī)模的世界遺產(chǎn)

The dream of finding a place in nature’s ?Hall of Fame? also lives elsewhere. For several years, Qeqqata Kommunia has worked on the formulation of an application and they have got so far in the process that their goal is within reach.
找到一處符合大自然“名人堂”的地方的夢想趋距，也在其他地方存在粒氧。Qeqqata政府就曾做出努力提交了申請，到目前為止他們正在進(jìn)行中节腐，目標(biāo)似乎近在咫尺靠欢。

– The technical part has been approved and the application is also most ready to be sent off. The process will probably culminate in 2018, says curator Christian Koch Madsen.
——“技術(shù)部分已經(jīng)被證明，申請材料也已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備呈送铜跑。這個(gè)過程可能在2018年達(dá)到高潮”门怪，Christian Koch Madsen說。

The area lies between Sisimiut and Kangerlussuaq and stretches from the icecap, over enormous reindeer hunting areas to fjords and islands with many prehistoric settlements. It is a gigantic area of 4,000 square kilometres; ten times bigger than the area in South Greenland.
這個(gè)地方位于Sisimiut市和Kangerlussuaq市之間锅纺，從冰蓋地帶開始掷空，穿過大型的馴鹿狩獵區(qū)，一直延伸到峽灣和有著許多史前部落遺址的群島囤锉。這是4000平方公里的巨大區(qū)域坦弟，是南部格陵蘭的十倍。
The first Eskimos from the Dorset and Saqqaq Cultures lived here and there are plenty of archaeological traces: Turf walls, shooting hides, graves, fox traps and tent rings. There are also more modern finds such as a fort from the 1700’s on the island of Nipisat. In all, the area contains cultural sites from the history of the Inuit in West Greenland throughout 4,500 years.
由多塞特文化（見下注）和薩卡克文化（見下注）形成的最早的愛斯基摩人就居住在這里官地，這里存有很多考古遺跡：草皮墻酿傍，狩獵掩體，墳?zāi)骨耄傁葳宄喑矗瑝簬づ竦氖^圈氯析。這里也有很多更現(xiàn)代的發(fā)現(xiàn)，比如Nipisat島上的18世紀(jì)的炮臺莺褒⊙诨海總之，這個(gè)地區(qū)有很多格陵蘭西部4500多年間的因紐特人的歷史文化遺跡遵岩。
【譯者注】1你辣、多塞特文化——北美北極地區(qū)從公元100年延續(xù)到1000年的因紐特人文化。
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?2尘执、薩卡克文化——一群叫做薩卡克的古人獨(dú)立地到達(dá)北美洲舍哄，形成薩卡克文化。這個(gè)群體約在4750年前至2500年前居住于格陵蘭島誊锭，他們也是黃種人蠢熄，不幸后來滅絕。

? ? ?（上圖）The people behind the new UNESCO application believe Greenland’s hunting culture is an inalienable cultural heritage
? 新的聯(lián)合國教科文世界文化遺產(chǎn)申請者堅(jiān)信炉旷，格陵蘭狩獵文化是歷史文化遺產(chǎn)不可分割的一部分签孔。

Under-represented 代表性地點(diǎn)尚有不足

The country’s fourth municipality, Sermersooq, also has plans to join the races for UNESCO approval. Mayor Asii Chemnitz Narup is behind the initiative together with two East Greenland council members Justus Hansen and Vittus Mikaelsen. They point out the unique hunting environment around Tasiilaq and the surrounding villages as an obvious choice.
格陵蘭第四行政市Sermersooq，也有計(jì)劃參與到教科文組織認(rèn)證的競賽中來窘行。市長Asii Chemnitz Narup支持東格陵蘭委員會(huì)兩位成員Justus Hansen和Vittus Mikaelsen的創(chuàng)意計(jì)劃饥追。他們指出Tasiilaq周圍獨(dú)特的狩獵環(huán)境，以及周圍的村落罐盔，是明顯的選擇但绕。

– We know from the other places that it is a long process. But now the idea has been born and we have faith in it. East Greenland has inalienable values and the Arctic is on everyone’s lips due to the climate. This interest should pave the way for more world heritage sites, says Justus Hansen.
“我們從其他地方的經(jīng)歷中獲知，申遺是一個(gè)漫長的過程惶看。但是現(xiàn)在主意已出捏顺，我們對此持有信心。格陵蘭東部有不可剝奪的價(jià)值纬黎，因?yàn)闅夂蛟蚍荆睒O是一個(gè)人人議論熱點(diǎn)。這一利益點(diǎn)應(yīng)該為更多的世界文化遺產(chǎn)地的申請鋪平道路本今〔鹱” Justus Hansen說。
UNESCO is aware that the Arctic is strongly under-represented on the list. While Italy is represented with 51 sites and smaller countries such as Belgium and Denmark have 12 and seven respectively, the entire Arctic has only a handful of sites.
聯(lián)合國教科文組織意識到北極是申遺列表中的強(qiáng)烈性的非代表性的冠息。意大利有51處挪凑，比利時(shí)和丹麥這樣的小國家也分別有12處和7處。全部的北極只有一處遺址逛艰。

UNESCO intends to do something about this imbalance. In 2016, a meeting was held at the UNESCO headquarters in Paris where researchers met to discuss the possibility of getting on more Arctic ?marine environments ?on the list. This work is now up and running, supported by the Prince Albert of Monaco Foundation.
聯(lián)合國教科文組織有意向?qū)@種不平衡做出行動(dòng)躏碳。2016年，在巴黎的聯(lián)合國教科文組織總部招待的一個(gè)會(huì)議散怖，研究人員齊聚一起探討得到北極“海洋基金的資產(chǎn)”進(jìn)入名單菇绵。這個(gè)工作現(xiàn)在正在運(yùn)作中肄渗，獲得了摩納哥阿爾伯特王子的支持。

? ? ? （上圖）In the south, the landscape is rich in Norse ruins.在格陵蘭南部脸甘，有著豐富的早年挪威人留下遺跡。

? ? ? （上圖）The hunting culture has developed over thousands of years. It is the same with the kayak: from the
watertight, scraped sealskins – to the plastic version.
狩獵文化已有數(shù)千年的發(fā)展歷史偏灿。這是愛斯基摩人的皮劃船（kayak）：當(dāng)年是用特殊處理的防水的海豹皮制作——現(xiàn)在則使用塑料材料制作丹诀。

– The Arctic offers wildlife that is not found anywhere else on earth, for example narwhals, walrus and Greenland whales. The Arctic is also ground zero for climate changes, it said in a statement from the meeting of experts in Paris.
——“北極圈能提供世界上獨(dú)一無二的野生動(dòng)物，比如獨(dú)角鯨翁垂、海象和格陵蘭鯨魚铆遭。北極圈也是氣候變化的零地帶”，巴黎會(huì)議上的專家們發(fā)表的聲明中如是說沿猜。

So this summer, when the Polish chairman of UNESCO, Jacek Purchla, puts South Greenland’s proposal on the table in front of the other 20 committee members, the chances are improved not just by a well-documented application, but also by the fact that the Arctic is riding on a general wave of goodwill. ?
因此這個(gè)夏天枚荣，當(dāng)波蘭教科文組織全國委員會(huì)主席Jacek Purchla教授
把格陵蘭南部的申請材料放在其他20名成員的面前，申請成功的機(jī)會(huì)又得以往前推進(jìn)啼肩，這不僅僅因?yàn)樯暾埐牧献C據(jù)充足橄妆，還由于北極圈之美譽(yù)已經(jīng)風(fēng)靡世界。

? ?（上圖）UNESCO has acknowledged that the Arctic is strongly under-represented on the list of world heritage sites. Three new Greenlandic candidates are being prepared. Here is a mountain in East Greenland – shaped like a pyramid!
聯(lián)合國教科文組織已經(jīng)認(rèn)可祈坠，在世界文化遺產(chǎn)名錄中北極圈的代表性地點(diǎn)不足害碾。三個(gè)格陵蘭的新的候選項(xiàng)正在準(zhǔn)備中。圖中是格陵蘭東部的一座冰山——形狀就像金字塔赦拘。