3.1 項(xiàng)目初始化

創(chuàng)建虛擬環(huán)境

pyenv virtualenv 3.6.5 vue_drf

激活虛擬環(huán)境

pyenv activate vue_drf

安裝django和django rest framework

pip install django
pip install djangorestframework
pip install markdown django-filter

rest framework支持的

• Python (3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 3.10)
• Django (2.2, 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 4.0)

修改數(shù)據(jù)庫配置

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'vue_shop',
        'USER': 'root',
        'PASSWORD': 'liulunan',
        'HOST': 'localhost',
        'PORT': '3306'
    }
}

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'

pip install mysqlclient

報(bào)錯(cuò)

django.db.utils.OperationalError: 
(1193, "Unknown system variable 'storage_engine'")

解決

'OPTIONS': {'init_command': 
'SET storage_engine=INNODB;'}
修改為
'OPTIONS': {'init_command': 
'SET default_storage_engine=INNODB;'}

windows python安裝容易出錯(cuò)的包：www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/

# 上傳圖片，處理圖片
pip install pillow

整理目錄結(jié)構(gòu)

1.創(chuàng)建apps packages
2.創(chuàng)建extra_apps packages

# 為了直接導(dǎo)入apps目錄下的文件添坊，不用帶apps
import sys
sys.path.insert(0, BASE_DIR)
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'apps'))
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'extra_apps'))

創(chuàng)建app

python manage.py startapp goods
python manage.py startapp trade # 交易相關(guān)
python manage.py startapp user_operation # 用戶操作

app移入apps文件夾中并加到配置文件中

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    ...
    'users',
    'goods',
    'trade',
    'user_operation',
]

3.2編寫表

3.2.1 用戶表

from django.db import models

from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser

class UserProfile(AbstractUser):
    """
    用戶
    """
    GENDER_CHOICES = (
        ('male', u'男'),
        ('female', '女')
    )
    username = models.CharField(max_length=20, null=True, blank=True, verbose_name='姓名')
    birthday = models.DateField(null=True, blank=True, verbose_name='出生年月')
    gender = models.CharField(max_length=6, choices=GENDER_CHOICES, default='male', verbose_name='性別')
    mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11, verbose_name='電話')
    email = models.EmailField(max_length=100, null=True, blank=True, verbose_name='郵箱')

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '用戶'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.username

替換系統(tǒng)用戶

# settings.py
AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'users.UserProfile'

3.2.2 驗(yàn)證碼表

class VerifyCode(models.Model):
    """
    短信驗(yàn)證碼
    """
    code = models.CharField(max_length=10, verbose_name='驗(yàn)證碼')
    mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11, verbose_name='手機(jī)')
    created_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name='添加時(shí)間')

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '短信驗(yàn)證碼'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.code

3.2.3 商品分類表

class GoodsCategory(models.Model):
    """
    商品分類
    此項(xiàng)目分為三類
    """
    SHOP_CATEGORY_TYPE = (
        (1, '一級(jí)類目'),
        (2, '二級(jí)類目'),
        (3, '三級(jí)類目')
    )
    name = models.CharField(max_length=30, null=True, blank=True, verbose_name='商品類別名', help_text='商品類別名')
    # 用于英文查找
    code = models.CharField(max_length=30, null=True, blank=True, verbose_name='商品類別code', help_text='商品類別code')
    desc = models.TextField(max_length=300, null=True, blank=True, verbose_name='商品類別描述', help_text='商品類別描述')
    category_type = models.IntegerField(choices=SHOP_CATEGORY_TYPE, verbose_name='類目級(jí)別', help_text='類目級(jí)別')
    # 多級(jí)關(guān)聯(lián)箫锤，相當(dāng)于樹的上下級(jí)---可以一直關(guān)聯(lián)---self是django中關(guān)聯(lián)自己模型的
    # related_name--->查詢用，后期講解且學(xué)習(xí)
    parent_category = models.ForeignKey('self', verbose_name='父級(jí)類別', help_text='父級(jí)類別', related_name='sub_cat',
                                        on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True, blank=True)

    # 主頁中導(dǎo)航處顯示的商品分類
    is_tab = models.BooleanField(default=False, verbose_name='是否導(dǎo)航', help_text='是否導(dǎo)航')
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加時(shí)間")

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '商品分類'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

3.2.4 品牌名

class GoodsCategoryBrand(models.Model):
    """
    品牌名
    """
    category = models.ForeignKey(GoodsCategory, related_name='brands', null=True, blank=True, verbose_name="商品類目",
                                 on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=30, null=True, blank=True, verbose_name='品牌名', help_text='品牌名')
    # 上傳地址為media/brand/images/  數(shù)據(jù)庫中存儲(chǔ)為char類型谚攒，所以要設(shè)置最長值
    image = models.ImageField(max_length=200, upload_to='brands/')
    created_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name='添加時(shí)間')

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '品牌名'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

3.2.5 商品表

from DjangoUeditor.models import UEditorField

class Goods(models.Model):
    """
    商品
    """
    # models.CASCADE ---> 級(jí)聯(lián)刪除, Django模擬SQL約束ON DELETE CASCADE的行為，并刪除包含 ForeignKey 的對(duì)象
    category = models.ForeignKey(GoodsCategory, verbose_name="商品類目", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    # 售貨員憑借上屏貨號(hào)拿貨的
    goods_sn = models.CharField(max_length=50, default="", verbose_name="商品唯一貨號(hào)")
    name = models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name="商品名", default='')
    click_num = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name="點(diǎn)擊數(shù)")
    # 賣出的多少件
    sold_num = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name="商品銷售量")
    fav_num = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name="收藏?cái)?shù)")
    goods_num = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name="庫存數(shù)")
    market_price = models.FloatField(default=0, verbose_name="市場(chǎng)價(jià)格")
    shop_price = models.FloatField(default=0, verbose_name="本店價(jià)格")
    goods_brief = models.TextField(max_length=500, verbose_name="商品簡短描述")

    # DjangoUeditor的UEditorField使用
    goods_desc = UEditorField(verbose_name=u"內(nèi)容", imagePath="goods/images/", width=1000, height=300,
                              filePath="goods/files/", default='')
    # 是否免運(yùn)費(fèi)
    ship_free = models.BooleanField(default=True, verbose_name="是否承擔(dān)運(yùn)費(fèi)")
    goods_front_image = models.ImageField(upload_to="goods/images/", null=True, blank=True, verbose_name="封面圖")
    # 是否為剛出爐的新品
    is_new = models.BooleanField(default=False, verbose_name="是否新品")
    # 右邊顯示的是否為熱賣商品
    is_hot = models.BooleanField(default=False, verbose_name="是否熱銷")
    created_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加時(shí)間")

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '商品'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

配置文件中設(shè)置富文本DjangoUeditor

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    ...
    'DjangoUeditor',
]

3.2.6 商品詳情頁輪播圖

class GoodsImage(models.Model, GoodsBase):
    """
    商品詳情頁輪播圖
    """
    goods = models.ForeignKey(Goods, verbose_name="商品", related_name="images", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    image = models.ImageField(upload_to="", verbose_name="圖片", null=True, blank=True)

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '商品圖片'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.goods.name

3.2.7 主頁面大的輪播的商品

class Banner(models.Model, GoodsBase):
    """
    主頁面大的輪播的商品
    """
    goods = models.ForeignKey(Goods, verbose_name="商品", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    image = models.ImageField(upload_to='banner/', verbose_name="輪播圖片")
    index = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name="輪播順序")

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '輪播商品'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.goods.name

3.2.8 交易相關(guān)表

from datetime import datetime

from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model

from goods.models import Goods

# 獲取用戶模型
User = get_user_model()

class ShoppingCart(models.Model):
    """
    購物車
    """
    user = models.ForeignKey(User, verbose_name=u"用戶", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    goods = models.ForeignKey(Goods, verbose_name=u"商品", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    nums = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name="購買數(shù)量")

    create_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加時(shí)間")

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '購物車'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return "%s(%d)".format(self.goods.name, self.nums)

class OrderInfo(models.Model):
    """
    訂單
    """
    ORDER_STATUS = (
        ("TRADE_SUCCESS", "成功"),
        ("TRADE_CLOSED", "超時(shí)關(guān)閉"),
        ("WAIT_BUYER_PAY", "交易創(chuàng)建"),
        ("TRADE_FINISHED", "交易結(jié)束"),
        ("paying", "待支付"),
    )

    user = models.ForeignKey(User, verbose_name="用戶", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    order_sn = models.CharField(max_length=30, null=True, blank=True, unique=True, verbose_name="訂單號(hào)")
    # 支付寶支付時(shí)溺职，支付寶生成訂單號(hào)返回給我們，我們把它與本系統(tǒng)的訂單號(hào)關(guān)聯(lián)
    trade_no = models.CharField(max_length=100, unique=True, null=True, blank=True, verbose_name=u"交易號(hào)")
    # 支付狀態(tài)
    pay_status = models.CharField(choices=ORDER_STATUS, default="paying", max_length=30, verbose_name="訂單狀態(tài)")
    post_script = models.CharField(max_length=200, verbose_name="訂單留言")
    order_mount = models.FloatField(default=0.0, verbose_name="訂單金額")
    pay_time = models.DateTimeField(null=True, blank=True, verbose_name="支付時(shí)間")

    # 用戶信息
    address = models.CharField(max_length=100, default="", verbose_name="收貨地址")
    signer_name = models.CharField(max_length=20, default="", verbose_name="簽收人")
    singer_mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11, verbose_name="聯(lián)系電話")

    created_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加時(shí)間")

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "訂單"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return str(self.order_sn)

class OrderGoods(models.Model):
    """
    訂單的商品詳情
    """
    order = models.ForeignKey(OrderInfo, verbose_name="訂單信息", related_name="goods", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    goods = models.ForeignKey(Goods, verbose_name="商品", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    goods_num = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name="商品數(shù)量")

    created_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加時(shí)間")

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "訂單商品"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return str(self.order.order_sn)

3.2.9 用戶操作相關(guān)的

from datetime import datetime

from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model

from goods.models import Goods

User = get_user_model()

class UserFav(models.Model):
    """
    用戶收藏
    """
    user = models.ForeignKey(User, verbose_name="用戶", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    goods = models.ForeignKey(Goods, verbose_name="商品", help_text="商品id", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加時(shí)間")

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '用戶收藏'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
        # 聯(lián)合唯一索引
        unique_together = ("user", "goods")

    def __str__(self):
        return self.user.username

class UserLeavingMessage(models.Model):
    """
    用戶留言
    """
    MESSAGE_CHOICES = (
        (1, "留言"),
        (2, "投訴"),
        (3, "詢問"),
        (4, "售后"),
        (5, "求購")
    )
    user = models.ForeignKey(User, verbose_name="用戶", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    message_type = models.IntegerField(default=1, choices=MESSAGE_CHOICES, verbose_name="留言類型",
                                       help_text=u"留言類型: 1(留言),2(投訴),3(詢問),4(售后),5(求購)")
    subject = models.CharField(max_length=100, default="", verbose_name="主題")
    message = models.TextField(default="", verbose_name="留言內(nèi)容", help_text="留言內(nèi)容")
    file = models.FileField(upload_to="message/images/", verbose_name="上傳的文件", help_text="上傳的文件")
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加時(shí)間")

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "用戶留言"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.subject

class UserAddress(models.Model):
    """
    用戶收貨地址
    """
    user = models.ForeignKey(User, verbose_name="用戶", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    province = models.CharField(max_length=100, default="", verbose_name="省份")
    city = models.CharField(max_length=100, default="", verbose_name="城市")
    district = models.CharField(max_length=100, default="", verbose_name="區(qū)域")
    address = models.CharField(max_length=100, default="", verbose_name="詳細(xì)地址")
    signer_name = models.CharField(max_length=100, default="", verbose_name="簽收人")
    signer_mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11, default="", verbose_name="電話")
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加時(shí)間")

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "收貨地址"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.address

3.3 migrate遷移表

報(bào)錯(cuò)

users.UserProfile: (auth.E003) 'UserProfile.username' 
must be unique because it is named as the 'USERNAME_FIELD'

解決方案

在重寫django的User model時(shí)浪耘，需要將username設(shè)置為unique=True塑崖，
否則會(huì)報(bào)這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。

makemigrations
migrate

django migrations表記錄了執(zhí)行過哪些py文件规婆，如果表中有了就會(huì)跳過澜躺。如果想重新遷移兩步操作：

• 刪除表
• 刪除django migrations表中的記錄

3.4 xadmin后臺(tái)管理系統(tǒng)的配置

拷貝xadmin.py文件

在settings.py 加上xadmin

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    ...
    'crispy_forms',
    'xadmin',
]

安裝xadmin依賴包抒蚜，在github上搜索xadmin,找到requirements.txt中沒有安裝的包安裝

pip install django-crispy-forms django-import-export django-reversion django-formtools future httplib2 six

還有兩個(gè)包沒裝，excel文件導(dǎo)出用的,xlwt,xlsxwriter

pip install xlwt xlsxwriter

xadmin配置一個(gè)訪問路徑

import xadmin

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', xadmin.site.urls),
]

創(chuàng)建超級(jí)用戶

python manage.py createsuperuser

報(bào)錯(cuò)

ImportError: cannot import name 'six

修改：extra_apps/xadmin/sites.py文件from django.utils import six修改改為import six

import six

然后又報(bào)錯(cuò)

ImportError: cannot import name 'python_2_unicode_compatible'

修改為

from six import python_2_unicode_compatible

ImportError: cannot import name 'FieldDoesNotExist'

把from django.db.models.fields import FieldDoesNotExist
改為from django.core.exceptions import FieldDoesNotExist

https://blog.csdn.net/qq_38315711/article/details/110650279
https://blog.51cto.com/u_14234228/2604924
https://www.cnblogs.com/hehecat/p/9358033.html
https://blog.csdn.net/huanhuanq1209/article/details/77884014

后臺(tái)app名稱英文改為中文

# apps/goods/apps.py
from django.apps import AppConfig

class GoodsConfig(AppConfig):
    name = 'goods'
    # 后臺(tái)管理應(yīng)用顯示
    verbose_name = '商品'

xadmin配置和ueditor富文本顯示

class GoodsAdmin(object):
    style_fields = {"goods_desc": "ueditor"}

3.5 導(dǎo)入商品數(shù)據(jù)

3.5.1 導(dǎo)入商品類別數(shù)據(jù)

# 獨(dú)立使用django的model
import os
import sys

# 獲取當(dāng)前文件路徑

pwd = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))
# 將項(xiàng)目根目錄加入到python根搜索目錄下嗡髓，和setting一樣
# 相對(duì)路徑：pwd+'../'
sys.path.append(pwd + '../')
# 根據(jù)項(xiàng)目目錄查找setting中的配置
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "VueShop.settings")

import django

django.setup()

from goods.models import GoodsCategory
from common_tools.data_import.data.category_data import row_data

for lev1_cat in row_data:
    lev1_intance = GoodsCategory()
    lev1_intance.code = lev1_cat["code"]
    lev1_intance.name = lev1_cat["name"]
    lev1_intance.category_type = 1
    lev1_intance.save()

    for lev2_cat in lev1_cat["sub_categorys"]:
        lev2_intance = GoodsCategory()
        lev2_intance.code = lev2_cat["code"]
        lev2_intance.name = lev2_cat["name"]
        lev2_intance.category_type = 2
        lev2_intance.parent_category = lev1_intance
        lev2_intance.save()

        for lev3_cat in lev2_cat["sub_categorys"]:
            lev3_intance = GoodsCategory()
            lev3_intance.code = lev3_cat["code"]
            lev3_intance.name = lev3_cat["name"]
            lev3_intance.category_type = 3
            lev3_intance.parent_category = lev2_intance
            lev3_intance.save()

3.5.2 導(dǎo)入商品數(shù)據(jù)和商品詳情頁輪播圖

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import sys
import os

pwd = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))
sys.path.append(pwd + "../")
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "VueShop.settings")

import django

django.setup()

from goods.models import Goods, GoodsCategory, GoodsImage
from common_tools.data_import.data.product_data import row_data
goods_sn = 1
for goods_detail in row_data:
    goods = Goods()
    goods.name = goods_detail["name"]
    goods.market_price = float(int(goods_detail["market_price"].replace("￥", "").replace("元", "")))
    goods.shop_price = float(int(goods_detail["sale_price"].replace("￥", "").replace("元", "")))
    goods.goods_brief = goods_detail["desc"] if goods_detail["desc"] is not None else ""
    goods.goods_desc = goods_detail["goods_desc"] if goods_detail["goods_desc"] is not None else ""
    goods.goods_front_image = goods_detail["images"][0] if goods_detail["images"] else ""
    goods.goods_sn = goods_sn

    category_name = goods_detail["categorys"][-1]
    category = GoodsCategory.objects.filter(name=category_name)
    if category:
        goods.category = category[0]
    goods.save()
    goods_sn += 1

    for goods_image in goods_detail["images"]:
        goods_image_instance = GoodsImage()
        goods_image_instance.image = goods_image
        goods_image_instance.goods = goods
        goods_image_instance.save()