If you have ever stopped of a long-haul flight or worked night shifts（換班制）, you probably noticed changes in your mood（情緒）, concentration, and general well-being（幸福）. These changes are the result of disturbances to your natural sleep-wake cycle（醒睡周期）, your "circadian rhythm（生理節(jié)律）." And disruptions to this cycle can have worse consequences than just feeling a bit moody or distracted（心煩意亂）. Our latest research shows that it is associated with an increased risk of depression and bipolar disorder（躁郁癥）.
如果你剛剛下了一架跨夜飛行的飛機毕莱，或者剛下了夜班片任，你可能會注意到你的情緒偏友、注意力和幸福度都發(fā)生了變化。這些變化發(fā)生的原因是你的醒睡周期对供，即你的生理節(jié)律發(fā)生了變化位他。對這個周期的破壞可能會產(chǎn)生比情緒低落或心煩意亂更糟糕的后果。我們最后的調(diào)查顯示這個周期的破壞會提高感到沮喪和得躁郁癥的概率。

Circadian rhythms are variations（變化） in biological or behavioral processes that recur（復發(fā)） on a roughly 24-hour cycle. These rhythms occur（發(fā)生） in body temperature, hormone release, and rest-activity patterns, and are thought to be fundamental to our physical and mental health.
生理節(jié)律在生理的或行為上的變化過程會在24小時的周期內(nèi)復發(fā)棱诱。這些節(jié)律在體溫泼橘、激素釋放和休息活動模式中發(fā)生涝动，并被認為是讓我們生理健康和心理健康的基礎迈勋。

Previous studies have investigated（研究） the relationship between disruptions（破壞） to circadian rhythms and mental health, but they have been limited by using only subjective（個人的）(self report) measures of sleep and activity, and have typically（代表性地） used very small samples. Also, many of these earlier studies didn't properly（正確地） account （解釋）for other lifestyle factors that might explain poor mental health, such as childhood trauma（創(chuàng)傷）.
之前的研究調(diào)查了生理節(jié)律紊亂和心理健康之間的關系，但是研究由于僅僅調(diào)查個人對睡覺和活動的感覺而被限制了醋粟，并且代表性地只用了很少的調(diào)查樣本靡菇。除此之外，很多早前的研究沒有正確地解釋其他的與生活方式有關的因素與更差的心理健康有沒有關系米愿，比如童年時遭受的創(chuàng)傷厦凤。

We addressed（解決） these issues in our study, published in The Lancet Psychiatry, by using a large sample(over 91,000 participants, drawn from UK Biobank) and by objectively（客觀地） measuring participants' activity with wrist-worn（可戴的） activity monitors. We also took a wide range of factors into account that might otherwise explain the state of participants' mental health or cognitive（認知的） function（功能）.
我們在我們新的調(diào)查中，通過使用了大規(guī)模的樣本（調(diào)查了來自英國生物銀行的超過91000個人）和客觀地給參與者戴上監(jiān)控裝置調(diào)查參與者的活動解決了這個問題育苟，并出版在了雜志《柳葉刀》的心理學板塊上较鼓。另外，我們還把更多可能影響參與者的心理健康或認知功能的因素加入到了調(diào)查之中违柏。

Overall, our findings provide strong support for the idea that a disturbed circadian rhythm is associated with poor mental health and well-being. They also suggest that daily activity levels, which can be cheaply and easily measured during a digital activity tracker, could be used to assess（評估） people's risk of developing depression or bipolar disorder.
總的來說博烂，我們的調(diào)查證實了破壞生理節(jié)律會導致更差的心理健康和幸福感。他們建議漱竖，對于評估日城堇椋活動水平，可以通過購買便宜的馍惹、簡單的通過數(shù)字活動追蹤器來評估人們情緒越來越低落或者躁郁癥躺率。

Growing, Global Problem
增加的全球性問題

These findings could have important public health implications（暗示）, as increasing reliance（信賴） on artificial light, particularly at night, is associated with disturbed circadian rhythms. This is because people exposed to high amounts of artificial light at night are less able to synchronize（使……同步） their rhythms to natural daylight cycles.
這些發(fā)現(xiàn)可能會對大眾健康情況產(chǎn)生重要影響，因為越來越多的人依賴人造光万矾，尤其是在晚上悼吱，這與生理節(jié)律紊亂有關。這是因為人們在晚上使用高強度的人造光導致人們很難將生理節(jié)律和自然光的強度聯(lián)系在一起良狈。

It is estimated（估計） that almost two-thirds of the world's population will live in cities by the year 2030. This means that most people will be subject to（受支配） conditions（情況） that can worsen（惡化） circadian（生理節(jié)奏的） disruption and, by extension, vulnerability（易損性后添，弱點） to poor mental and physical health.
據(jù)估計，在2030年们颜，會有將近三分之二的世界人口居住在城市中吕朵。這意味著絕大部分的人受這種條件的支配會導致生理節(jié)奏受到越來越嚴重的破壞，并且會引發(fā)越來越差的心理健康和生理健康窥突。

What our new study can't tell us is the direction of causality. We don't know whether circadian disruption leads to poorer mental health and well-being, whether mood disorders lead to circadian disruption, or whether both are linked to other shared genetic（遺傳的） or environmental factors.
我們新的研究不能顯示出這些結果是由什么因素直接導致的努溃。我們也不能明白生理節(jié)律紊亂是否導致了更差的心理健康和幸福感，或者情感失控是否可以導致生理節(jié)律紊亂阻问，或者這兩者是否與遺傳的或環(huán)境的一些因素有關梧税。

We hope that future, long-term studies, following up on the same people in the UK Biobank, will be able to address the issue of cause and effect in more detail. It will be important to examine, for example, whether objectively measured circadian disruption can predict new diagnoses（診斷） or new episodes（發(fā)作） of mood disorders. It would also be useful to know whether stabilizing（使穩(wěn)定） circadian rhythms in mood disorder patients leads to improved symptoms（癥狀） and well-being.
我們期待著在未來通過長時間繼續(xù)追蹤來自英國生物銀行的人能夠更詳細的解決這些因果關系的問題。這很重要，比如說客觀地調(diào)查生理節(jié)律紊亂可以預測新的診斷或新的情緒失控發(fā)作第队。這對知道使患有情緒失控引發(fā)的的癥狀和幸福感的患者的生理節(jié)律穩(wěn)定來說是很有用的哮塞。

We have known for a long time that sleep and circadian function are important for physical health, but we are now beginning to recognize their importance for mental health. Part of the work of our research group is to better understand the mechanisms（機制） linking circadian disruption and mental ill-health and use this new knowledge to develop new treatments for conditions such as major depression and bipolar disorder.
我們一直知道睡覺和生理節(jié)律活動對我們的生理健康非常重要，但是我們現(xiàn)在才開始意識到睡覺和生理節(jié)律活動對心理健康的重要性凳谦。我們調(diào)查組的一部分工作是更好地理解聯(lián)系生理節(jié)律紊亂和心理生病的關系忆畅，并且用這個新知識去發(fā)展治療沮喪和躁郁癥的方法。