Module 1. 解釋規(guī)則和規(guī)定

1. 規(guī)定、規(guī)則和法律

• barbecue 燒烤
• regulations 規(guī)定
• balconies 陽臺
• allowed 允許的
• law 法律
• safety concerns 安全考慮
• prohibited 禁止的
• fine 罰款
• put out 撲滅
• rules 規(guī)則

規(guī)章制度
我們在日常生活中受到 laws蕉斜、rules 和 regulations 的影響逾柿。

• One of the rules is that nobody can be in the office after 8 p.m. 其中一條規(guī)則是晚上8點后誰都不能在辦公室
• There are so many government regulations for driving a car. 政府對于開車有諸多規(guī)定缀棍。
• It's important to understand the laws of a country that you're visiting. 務(wù)必了解所訪問國家的法律。

用此類詞語和短語來談?wù)?laws：

• In my country, it's still legal to talk on the phone while driving. 在我們國家鹿寻，開車時打電話是合法的睦柴。
• Smoking in bars and restaurants is illegal in my city. 在我們城市，在酒吧和餐廳里吸煙是違法的毡熏。
• Driving over 30 miles per hour downtown is against the law. 在市區(qū)開車時速超過 30 英里是違法的坦敌。
• He had to pay a fine for driving without his seatbelt on. 由于開車沒系安全帶，他必須繳納罰金痢法。

用此類詞語和短語來談?wù)撃憧梢院筒豢梢詮氖碌幕顒樱?/p>

• Swimming is not allowed here because of safety concerns. 出于安全原因狱窘，此處禁止游泳。
• Riding a motorcycle without a helmet is prohibited by law. 法律禁止騎摩托車時不戴頭盔财搁。
• Use of cellphones during the flight is not permitted. 飛行中不得使用手機蘸炸。

2. 談?wù)撘?guī)章制度

• It's been brought to my attention ... 我一直注意到……
• Did you not get our email? 你沒有收到我們的電子郵件？
• There's now a regulation against ... 現(xiàn)在有規(guī)定禁止……
• It's a city law. 這是本市的一條法律尖奔。
• There's actually a $200 fine. 實際有 200 美元罰款搭儒。
• Rules are there to keep people safe. 規(guī)則的作用是保障人的安全。
• You can't just go starting fires. 你不能隨意點火提茁。

談?wù)撘?guī)章制度
用此類表達提醒某人注意某條規(guī)章制度：

• It's been brought to my attention that you've been smoking on the balcony. 我注意到你一直在陽臺上吸煙淹禾。
• Did you not receive the new office rules? 你沒有收到新的辦公室規(guī)定嗎？
• There's now a regulation against smoking anywhere in the building. 現(xiàn)在有規(guī)定禁止在樓內(nèi)的任何地點吸煙茴扁。
• It's a new city law. 這是新的州法律铃岔。

用 must 來表達強烈的義務(wù)，用 mustn't 表示不允許做某事：

• You must follow the new office rules. 你必須遵守新的辦公室規(guī)則峭火。
• You mustn't smoke on the balcony. 你不可以在陽臺上吸煙毁习。

以下是用于談?wù)撘?guī)章制度的更多表達：

• There's a $50 fine for not wearing a seatbelt. 不系安全帶會罰款 50 美元。
• The rules are there to protect people. 規(guī)則的目的是保護大家卖丸。
• You can't just smoke anywhere you want. 你不能隨心所欲地到處抽煙纺且。
• I'm sorry, but it's not allowed. 抱歉，這樣做是不允許的稍浆。

3. 禮貌地拒絕請求

• Yes, I'm afraid there is. 是的载碌，恐怕有。
• I'm sorry. 我很抱歉粹湃。
• I'd really like to help you, but ... 我非常希望幫你恐仑，但……

禮貌地拒絕請求
如果你處于領(lǐng)導位置，可能需要拒絕他人的請求为鳄，或者向他們解釋規(guī)則裳仆。

• A: That's crazy! Why can't I smoke here? 真是瘋了！我為什么不能在這抽煙孤钦？
• B: I'm sorry, but that's the law. 抱歉歧斟，這是法律規(guī)定纯丸。

用以下其他表達來禮貌地拒絕請求：

• I'm afraid that's just not possible. 恐怕不行。

• I'd really like to help you, but I don't make the rules. 我非常希望幫你静袖，但規(guī)則不是我制定的觉鼻。

• Unfortunately, there's nothing I can do. 很遺憾，我愛莫能助队橙。
  文化注釋：無論與你談話的對象是否禮貌坠陈，你自身始終應(yīng)保持禮貌。

• I'm sorry, but that's not allowed. 不好意思捐康，不允許這樣仇矾。

• I'd really like to help you, but I can't. 我很想幫忙，可幫不了解总。

• It's due to safety concerns. 這是出于安全考慮贮匕。

• I'm afraid that's impossible. 恐怕不可能。

• Everyone must shower before going into the pool. 所有人必須沖洗干凈才能進游泳池花枫。

• Everyone must follow the rules. 人人都得遵守規(guī)則刻盐。

Module 2. 報告受傷

1. 受傷和急救

• first-aid kit 急救箱
• antiseptic 消毒劑
• sting 刺痛
• blood 血液
• bandage 繃帶
• sore 疼痛
• company policy 公司政策
• infected 被感染的

• a bandage 一條繃帶
• a burn 一塊燒傷
• a bruise 一塊瘀傷
• a cut 一處刀傷
• scissors 剪刀
• an ice pack 一個冰袋
• a first-aid kit 急救工具
• antiseptic 抗菌劑
• a splinter 一塊碎片
• blood 血

2. 復習：反身代詞

• I just cut myself! 我剛割傷了自己！
• She cut herself. 她割傷了自己劳翰。

反身代詞
用反身代詞談?wù)撝髡Z和賓語相同時的動作敦锌。反身代詞通過給代詞添加 -self 或 -selves 等后綴構(gòu)成。

• I cut myself making a bagel. 我做百吉餅時割傷了自己磕道。
• He cut himself in the kitchen. 他在廚房切傷了自己供屉。
• They bandaged themselves after the accident. 他們在事故后自行用繃帶包扎行冰。
• How did you hurt yourself? 你怎么傷到自己的溺蕉？

你還可用反身代詞來表示強調(diào)。

• I'm not going to help you. Do it yourself. 我不會幫你的悼做。自己動手吧疯特。
• The boss asked to speak to me himself. It was then I knew I was in trouble. 老板要親自跟我談。那時候我才知道自己惹麻煩了肛走。

3. 堅持

• Actually, it's company policy. 其實這是公司的政策漓雅。
• Company policy is very clear on this. 公司政策對此非常明確。
• What if it becomes infected? 假如感染了怎么辦朽色？
• I think it'll be okay. 我認為沒事邻吞。
• Let's not take any chances. 不要心存僥幸。
• I suppose you're right. 我想你是對的葫男。

堅持
有時人們傷到自己時抱冷，不希望他人大驚小怪。他們可能會說：

• Don't worry. I'm fine. 別擔心梢褐。我沒事旺遮。
• It's not that serious. I don't need to see a doctor. 沒有那么嚴重赵讯。我不用看醫(yī)生。
• Honestly, I can take care of myself. 真的耿眉，我能照顧好自己边翼。

盡管有這些安慰性的話語，但他人仍然可能堅持采取行動：

• It's company policy that you go to the emergency room. 公司政策規(guī)定你應(yīng)該去急診室鸣剪。
• I really must insist that you see a doctor. 我真的認為你必須去看醫(yī)生组底。
• Don't be foolish. You have to take care of that. 不要犯傻。你必須去治療筐骇。

最后斤寇，受傷的人可能會改變主意：

• I suppose you're right. 我想你是對的。

• It's better to be safe than sorry. 與其后悔拥褂，不如安全一點娘锁。
• I suppose you're right. 我想你是對的。
• I can take care of it myself. 我自己能夠搞定。
• It's really not that serious. 真的沒有那么嚴重。
• Let's not take any chances. 不要心存僥幸购桑。
• It's company policy that you see a doctor. 公司政策規(guī)定你應(yīng)該去看醫(yī)生敌土。

Module 3. 討論工作場所安全

1. 工作場所健康詞匯

• safety expert 安全專家
• compile a report 編寫一份報告
• workplace safety 工作場所安全
• avoid 避免
• injuries 受傷
• evacuation drills 疏散演習
• carpet 地毯
• fire extinguishers 滅火器
• ergonomic 人體工學
• You'll be hearing from my lawyer. 我的律師會與你聯(lián)系。

• ergonomic chair /???rɡ??nɑ?m?k t?er/ 人體工學座椅
• workplace 工作場所
• safety expert 安全專家
• lawyer 律師
• fire extinguisher /?fa??r ?k?st??ɡw???r/ 滅火器
• carpet 地毯
• emergency exit 緊急出口

• We have compiled a report on workplace safety. 我們編寫了一份有關(guān)工作場所安全的報告妥色。
• Ergonomic chairs can help to avoid back injuries. 人體工學座椅有助于避免背部受傷。
• The safety expert recommended new carpet. 安全專家推薦了新的地毯。
• The boss insists on evacuation drills every month. 老板堅持每個月都要開展疏散演習缝驳。
• It's illegal to not have fire extinguishers. 不配備滅火器是違法的。
• She contacted a lawyer after her injury at work. 因工受傷后归苍，她聯(lián)系了一名律師用狱。

2. 職業(yè)健康與安全

Health and safety at work

No place is completely safe, and that includes the workplace. Here are a few things you can do at work to stay safe and healthy.

• Don't go to work sick. If a colleague is sick at work, avoid contact with them. Perhaps you can even ask them to go home.
• In case of fire, know where the fire extinguishers are and how to use them. Also, know where the emergency exits are, and how to safely evacuate the building.
• Make sure there are first-aid kits in the workplace. If someone is injured, they might need immediate care.
• Use ergonomic equipment. This can help avoid injuries from typing or sitting too long.
• If something at work makes you feel unsafe or unhealthy, report it to your manager.

3. 討論推薦

• What were the recommendations? 有什么建議？
• She said we needed ... 她說我們需要……
• She strongly advised ... 她強烈建議……
• She also recommended ... 她還建議……
• She demanded safer procedures for ... 她要求針對……制定更安全的程序

討論推薦
用此類表達來詢問推薦：

• What were the final recommendations? 最終建議是什么拼弃？
• Have they demanded new workplace regulations? 他們有沒有要求制定新的工作場所規(guī)定夏伊？

用此類表達來轉(zhuǎn)述推薦：

• First, the expert said we needed to improve the workplace environment. 首先，專家認為我們需要改善工作場所的環(huán)境吻氧。
• He said we have to do something about the bathroom floor. It's too slippery. 他說浴室地板太滑了溺忧，我們得采取一點措施。
• He also recommended that we purchase new first-aid kits. 他還建議我們購買新的急救箱盯孙。
• He strongly advised that we have regular evacuation drills. 他強烈建議我們開展定期的疏散演習鲁森。

• He said the floor was too slippery. 他說地板太滑了。
• It's better to be safe than sorry. 與其后悔振惰，不如安全一點歌溉。
• What other advice did she have? 她還提出了哪些其他建議？
• Have they demanded safer procedures? 他們是否要求提供更安全的程序报账？
• What were the final recommendations? 最終建議是什么研底？
• I think that's a pretty good recommendation. 我認為這個建議非常不錯埠偿。

Module 4. 就安全法律提供意見

1. 規(guī)則詞匯

• tenant 承租人
• furthermore 此外
• permit 許可證
• outrageous 過高的
• health inspector 衛(wèi)生檢查員
• protect 保護
• procedure 程序
• mentor 導師
• observing 觀察

Rules, rules, rules

From:
dan.heath@downtowncoffee.com
To: healthandsafety@govmt.org
Dear Health Inspector,

I just read your report on our coffee shop.
I think it's outrageous.
You must only have spent maybe 30 minutes observing us, and then you compile a terrible report.
A score of six? Really? I'll probably lose my job for this, you know.

You even claimed one of my employees, Karen, was using dirty cups.
Untrue! She's a new employee.
I am her mentor, I observe everything she does, and she does NOT use dirty cups.
Furthermore, you stated that we do nothing to protect the customers from coffee that's too hot.
We always ask our customers how hot they want their coffee.
I really don't understand why you were so critical.

I demand a review.
Our coffee shop is not a six.
Our coffee shop is a 10! And we have hundreds of happy customers who would agree with that.

Dan Heath

Manager, Downtown Coffee

• There's a procedure for everything these days. 如今一切都有一套程序。
• The rules are there to protect the tenants. 規(guī)則的作用是保護承租人
• Fifty dollars for a parking permit? That's outrageous! 停車許可證要五十美元榜晦？太離譜了冠蒋！
• Furthermore, you will need to purchase a key. 此外，你需要購買一把鑰匙乾胶。
• The health inspector put warnings all around the pool. 衛(wèi)生檢查員在水池周圍放滿了警告標志抖剿。
• Health and safety procedures are there to protect us. 衛(wèi)生和安全程序的目的是保護我們。

2. 現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)

你可使用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)來談?wù)撨^去的動作识窿，或者對現(xiàn)在有影響的事件斩郎。

• New regulations have been announced by the government. 新規(guī)定已經(jīng)被政府宣布。
• The report has been compiled by a safety expert. 這份報告是由一名安全專家編寫的喻频。
• A decision has been made by the local council. 一項決定已在當?shù)刈h會做出缩宜。

記住，我們通常在動作的賓語比主動者（換言之甥温，實施該動作的人或事物）更重要時使用被動語態(tài)锻煌。實際上，主動者有時可以完全省略姻蚓。

• New regulations have been announced. 新規(guī)定已經(jīng)被宣布宋梧。
• The report has been compiled. 報告已編寫完成。
• A decision has been made. 決定已經(jīng)做出狰挡。

3. 批評和抱怨

• That's outrageous! 太離譜了捂龄！
• I'm sick and tired of ... 我真是煩透了……
• It's a waste of time and energy. 完全是浪費時間和精力。
• I've had it up to here. 我忍無可忍了加叁。
• My mentor's always correcting me. 我的導師總是在糾正我倦沧。
• I'm fed up with it. 我受夠了。
• I just had to let off some steam. 我必須發(fā)泄一下殉农。

• It's a waste of time and energy. 完全是浪費時間和精力刀脏。
• He is always correcting me. 他總是在糾正我局荚。
• I'm sick and tired of it. 我真是煩透了超凳。
• That's outrageous! 太離譜了！
• I'm fed up with it. 我受夠了耀态。
• I've had it up to here. 我忍無可忍了轮傍。
• I have to let off some steam. 我必須發(fā)泄一下。

4. 全球各地的法律

Australia has some of the strictest laws in the world regarding the use of cellphones while driving. It is prohibited to talk, text, play games, or take photos or videos. In general, you can't use your phone at all while driving. It's also illegal to use your phone when the car is stopped, unless you are in a parking space. What that means is, for example, you can't use your phone at a red light. Drivers who break these laws have to pay an expensive fine, and they also have to pay more for their car insurance.

• Some people abuse privileges. 一些人濫用特權(quán)首装。
• I think some of the new policies are excessive. 我認為有些新的政策過分创夜。
• We shouldn't all be punished. 我們所有人不應(yīng)該都被懲罰。
• I don't think there's much we can do. 我不認為有很多是我們能做的仙逻。
• I don't think that's fair. I feel powerless. 我不認為那是公平的驰吓。我感到無能為力涧尿。
• I'm really disappointed with the new policy. 我對新政策感到很失望。