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IOS 中的 AppDelegate.m/h 文件是很重要的呢,因?yàn)樗菍?Application 的整個(gè)生命周期進(jìn)行管理的烘豹,做一些全局變量的控制的瓜贾。
//模板默認(rèn)引入程序需要使用“類”的框架,即UIKit.h頭文件携悯,使它包含在程序中
#import ?<UIKit/UIKit.h>
//此處@class聲明程序中的“類”名稱為MyViewController
@class MyViewController;
//此處@interface聲明程序界面的名稱為MyAppDelegate祭芦,其中NSObject表示它的“類”符合UIApplicationDelegate協(xié)議,接著UIApplicationDelegate憔鬼,此方法為應(yīng)用程序提供了關(guān)于觸發(fā)的關(guān)鍵事件信息龟劲,例如什么時(shí)候程序運(yùn)行完成,什么時(shí)候內(nèi)存不足轴或,什么時(shí)候重要變化發(fā)生
@interface MyAppDelegate:NSObject{
//定義一個(gè)程序顯示窗口的對象
UIWindow*window;
//加入視圖控制實(shí)際變量的對象
MyViewController*viewController;
}
//此處@Property聲明程序的屬性昌跌,并且加入在前面@interface中指定的相同對象,其中nonatomic是使用單線程機(jī)制減少系統(tǒng)資源使用照雁,并將更改方法和修改方法生成在
//Property(屬性)蚕愤,
//接著retain,Property的可選項(xiàng),表明向Property
(屬性)的對象發(fā)送一個(gè)retain(保留消息)萍诱,
//而IBOutlet表示對象在InterfaceBuilder(Storyboard)中創(chuàng)建悬嗓。
//例如下面的代碼在應(yīng)用程序中顯示了一個(gè)窗口控件,
把這個(gè)控件連接到nib文件并顯示在InterfaceBuilder(Storyboard)
@property(nonatomic,retain)IBOutletUIWindow*window;
//又例如砂沛,代碼在應(yīng)用程序中顯示了一個(gè)視圖控制控件烫扼,
把這個(gè)控件連接到nib文件并顯示在InterfaceBuilder(Storyboard)
@property(nonatomic,retain)IBOutletMyViewController*viewController;
//程序結(jié)束點(diǎn),表明結(jié)束MyViewController.h文件
@end
iOS中的 AppDelegate.m/h 文件是很重要的呢碍庵,因?yàn)樗菍?Application 的整個(gè)生命周期進(jìn)行管理的映企。
先明白,每個(gè)iPhone應(yīng)用程序都有一個(gè)UIApplication静浴,UIApplication是iPhone應(yīng)用程序的開始并且負(fù)責(zé)初始化并顯 示 UIWindow堰氓,并負(fù)責(zé)加載應(yīng)用程序的第一個(gè)UIView到UIWindow窗體中。UIApplication的另一個(gè)任務(wù)是幫助管理應(yīng)用程序的 生命 周期苹享,而UIApplication通過一個(gè)名字為UIApplicationDelegate的代理類來履行這個(gè)任務(wù)双絮。盡管 UIApplication 會負(fù)責(zé)接收事件,而UIApplicationDelegate則決定應(yīng)用程序如何去響應(yīng)這些事 件得问,UIApplicationDelegate可以處理 的事件包括應(yīng)用程序的生命周期事件(比如程序啟動(dòng)和關(guān)閉)囤攀、系統(tǒng)事件(比如來電、記事項(xiàng)警 告)宫纬,本文會介紹如何加載應(yīng)用程序的UIView到 UIWindow以及如何利用UIApplicationDelegate處理系統(tǒng)事件焚挠。
通 常對于UIApplication讀者是沒必要修改它的,只需要知道UIApplication接收系統(tǒng)事件即可漓骚,而如何編寫代碼來處理這些系統(tǒng)事件 則 是程序員的工作蝌衔。處理系統(tǒng)事件需要編寫一個(gè)繼承自UIApplicationDelegate接口的類,而 UIApplicationDelegate接 口提供生命周期函數(shù)來處理應(yīng)用程序以及應(yīng)用程序的系統(tǒng)事件蝌蹂,這些生命周期函數(shù)如下表所示:
1噩斟、- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions{
NSLog(@"當(dāng)程序載入后執(zhí)行");
}
說明:當(dāng)程序載入后執(zhí)行,應(yīng)用程序啟動(dòng)入口孤个。只在應(yīng)用程序啟動(dòng)時(shí)執(zhí)行一次剃允。也就是說在應(yīng)用程序啟動(dòng)后,要執(zhí)行的委托調(diào)用齐鲤。application參數(shù)用來獲取應(yīng)用程序的狀態(tài)硅急、變量等,值得注意的是字典參數(shù):(NSDictionary *)launchOptions佳遂,該參數(shù)存儲程序啟動(dòng)的原因营袜。
若用戶直接啟動(dòng),lauchOptions內(nèi)無數(shù)據(jù);
若由其他應(yīng)用程序通過openURL:啟動(dòng)丑罪,則UIApplicationLaunchOptionsURLKey對應(yīng)的對象為啟動(dòng) URL(NSURL),UIApplicationLaunchOptionsSourceApplicationKey對應(yīng)啟動(dòng)的源應(yīng)用程序的 bundle ID (NSString)荚板;
若由本地通知啟動(dòng)凤壁,則UIApplicationLaunchOptionsLocalNotificationKey對應(yīng)的是為啟動(dòng)應(yīng)用程序的的本地通知對象(UILocalNotification);
若由遠(yuǎn)程通知啟動(dòng)跪另,則UIApplicationLaunchOptionsRemoteNotificationKey對應(yīng)的是啟動(dòng)應(yīng)用程序的的遠(yuǎn)程通知信息userInfo(NSDictionary)拧抖;
其他key還有UIApplicationLaunchOptionsAnnotationKey,UIApplicationLaunchOptionsLocationKey,
UIApplicationLaunchOptionsNewsstandDownloadsKey。
如果要在啟動(dòng)時(shí)免绿,做出一些區(qū)分唧席,那就需要在下面的代碼做處理。比如:應(yīng)用可以被某個(gè)其它應(yīng)用調(diào)起(作為該應(yīng)用的子應(yīng)用)嘲驾,要實(shí)現(xiàn)單點(diǎn)登錄淌哟,那就需要在啟動(dòng)代碼的地方做出合理的驗(yàn)證,并跳過登錄辽故。
例子:- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application?didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions{
NSURL *url = [launchOptionsobjectForKey:UIApplicationLaunchOptionsURLKey];
if(url){
}
NSString *bundleId = ?[launchOptionsobjectForKey:UIApplicationLaunchOptionsSourceApplicationKey];
if(bundleId)
{
}
UILocalNotification * localNotify = [launchOptionsobjectForKey:UIApplicationLaunchOptionsLocalNotificationKey];
if(localNotify)
{
}
NSDictionary * userInfo = [launchOptionsobjectForKey:UIApplicationLaunchOptionsRemoteNotificationKey];
if(userInfo)
{
}
}
2徒仓、-(void)applicationWillResignActive:(UIApplication *)application{
NSLog(@"應(yīng)用程序?qū)⒁M(jìn)入非活動(dòng)狀態(tài),即將進(jìn)入后臺");
}
在應(yīng)用程序?qū)⒁苫顒?dòng)狀態(tài)切換到非活動(dòng)狀態(tài)時(shí)候誊垢,要執(zhí)行的委托調(diào)用掉弛,如 按下 home 按鈕,返回主屏幕喂走,或全屏之間切換應(yīng)用程序等殃饿。說明:當(dāng)應(yīng)用程序?qū)⒁M(jìn)入非活動(dòng)狀態(tài)時(shí)執(zhí)行,在此期間芋肠,應(yīng)用程序不接收消息或事件乎芳,比如來電話了。
3业栅、- (void)applicationDidEnterBackground:(UIApplication *)application{
NSLog(@"如果應(yīng)用程序支持后臺運(yùn)行秒咐,則應(yīng)用程序已經(jīng)進(jìn)入后臺運(yùn)行");
}
說明:當(dāng)程序被推送到后臺的時(shí)候調(diào)用谬晕。所以要設(shè)置后臺繼續(xù)運(yùn)行碘裕,則在這個(gè)函數(shù)里面設(shè)置即可
4、-(void)applicationWillEnterForeground:(UIApplication *)application{
NSLog(@"應(yīng)用程序?qū)⒁M(jìn)入活動(dòng)狀態(tài)攒钳,即將進(jìn)入前臺運(yùn)行");
}
說明:當(dāng)程序從后臺將要重新回到前臺時(shí)候調(diào)用帮孔,這個(gè)剛好跟上面的那個(gè)方法相反。
5不撑、- (void)applicationDidBecomeActive:(UIApplication *)application{
NSLog(@"應(yīng)用程序已進(jìn)入前臺文兢,處于活動(dòng)狀態(tài)");
}
說明:當(dāng)應(yīng)用程序進(jìn)入活動(dòng)狀態(tài)時(shí)執(zhí)行,這個(gè)剛好跟上面那個(gè)方法相反 焕檬。
6姆坚、-(void)applicationWillTerminate:(UIApplication *)application{
NSLog(@"應(yīng)用程序?qū)⒁顺觯ǔS糜诒4鏀?shù)據(jù)和一些退出前的清理工作");
}
說明:當(dāng)程序?qū)⒁顺鍪潜徽{(diào)用实愚,通常是用來保存數(shù)據(jù)和一些退出前的清理工作兼呵。這個(gè)需要要設(shè)置UIApplicationExitsOnSuspend的鍵值兔辅。
7、-(void)applicationDidReceiveMemoryWarning:(UIApplication *)application{
NSLog(@"系統(tǒng)內(nèi)存不足击喂,需要進(jìn)行清理工作");
}
說明:iPhone設(shè)備只有有限的內(nèi)存维苔,如果為應(yīng)用程序分配了太多內(nèi)存操作系統(tǒng)會終止應(yīng)用程序的運(yùn)行,在終止前會執(zhí)行這個(gè)方法懂昂,通辰槭保可以在這里進(jìn)行內(nèi)存清理工作防止程序被終止。
8凌彬、-(void)applicationSignificantTimeChange:(UIApplication *)application{
NSLog(@"當(dāng)系統(tǒng)時(shí)間發(fā)生改變時(shí)執(zhí)行");
}
說明:當(dāng)系統(tǒng)時(shí)間發(fā)生改變時(shí)執(zhí)行
9沸柔、-(void)application:(UIApplication)applicationwillChangeStatusBarFrame:(CGRect)newStatusBarFrame{
NSLog(@"StatusBar框?qū)⒁兓?);
}
說明:當(dāng)StatusBar框?qū)⒁兓瘯r(shí)執(zhí)行
10、-(void)application:(UIApplication*)application willChangeStatusBarOrientation: (UIInterfaceOrientation)newStatusBarOrientation ?duration:(NSTimeInterval)duration{
}
說明:當(dāng)StatusBar框方向?qū)⒁兓瘯r(shí)執(zhí)行
11饿序、- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication*)application handleOpenURL:(NSURL*)url{
}
說明:當(dāng)通過url執(zhí)行
12勉失、-(void)application:(UIApplication*)applicationdidChangeStatusBarOrientation:(UIInterfaceOrientation)oldStatusBarOrientation{
}
說明:當(dāng)StatusBar框方向變化完成后執(zhí)行
13、-(void)application:(UIApplication*)application didChangeSetStatusBarFrame:(CGRect)oldStatusBarFrame{
}
說明:當(dāng)StatusBar框變化完成后執(zhí)行
另外還有一些協(xié)議方法需要知道:
HandlingRemoteNotifications(處理遠(yuǎn)程消息)
-(void)application:(UIApplication*)application?didReceiveRemoteNotification:(NSDictonary*)userinfo
說明:當(dāng)一個(gè)運(yùn)行著的應(yīng)用程序收到一個(gè)遠(yuǎn)程的通知發(fā)送到委托去...
-(void)application:(UIApplication*)application?didRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithDeviceToken:(NSData*)deviceToken
說明:當(dāng)一個(gè)應(yīng)用程序成功的注冊一個(gè)推送服務(wù)(APS)發(fā)送到委托去...
-(void)application:(UIApplication*)application?didFailToRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithError:(NSError*)error
說明:當(dāng)APS無法成功的完成向程序進(jìn)程推送時(shí)發(fā)送到委托去...
HandlingLocalNotification(處理本地消息)
-(void)application:(UIApplication*)application ?didReceiveLocalNotification:(UILocalNotification*)notification
說明:當(dāng)一個(gè)運(yùn)行著的應(yīng)用程序收到一個(gè)本地的通知發(fā)送到委托去...
RespondingtoContentProtectionsChanges(響應(yīng)受保護(hù)內(nèi)容的改變)
-applicationProtectedDataWillBecomeUnavailable:
說明:通知委托原探,受保護(hù)的文件當(dāng)前變?yōu)椴豢捎玫?/p>
-applicationProtectedDataWillBecomeAvailable:
說明:通知委托受保護(hù)的文件當(dāng)前變?yōu)榭捎?/p>
AppDelegate里定義全局乱凿,在其他類中賦值
在程序的AppDelegate類中定義,在appDelegate頁面把你要賦值的對象設(shè)置為appDelegate的屬性咽弦,
----取值----
AppDelegate *appDelegate = (AppDelegate *)[[UIApplication sharedApplication] delegate];
[appDelegate yourParam];
----賦值----
AppDelegate *appDelegate = (AppDelegate *)[[UIApplication sharedApplication] delegate];
appDelegate.yourParam = **
AppDelegate.h/m 中默認(rèn)的方法:
1.?application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions
Tells the delegate when the application has launched and may have additional launch options to handle.
在應(yīng)用程序啟動(dòng)后徒蟆,要執(zhí)行的委托調(diào)用。
2.?applicationWillResignActive:(UIApplication *)application
Tells the delegate that the application is about to become inactive.This method is called to let your application know that it is about to move from the active to inactive state.After calling this method, the application also posts a UIApplicationWillResignActiveNotification notification to give interested objects a chance to respond to the transition.
在應(yīng)用程序?qū)⒁苫顒?dòng)狀態(tài)切換到非活動(dòng)狀態(tài)時(shí)候型型,要執(zhí)行的委托調(diào)用段审,如 按下 home 按鈕,返回主屏幕闹蒜,或全屏之間切換應(yīng)用程序等寺枉。
3.?applicationDidEnterBackground:(UIApplication *)application
Tells the delegate that the application is now in the background.Use this method to release shared resources, save user data, invalidate timers, and store enough application state information to restore your application to its current state in case it is terminated later.?If your application supports background execution, this method is called instead of applicationWillTerminate: when the user quits.
在應(yīng)用程序已進(jìn)入后臺程序時(shí),要執(zhí)行的委托調(diào)用绷落。
4.?applicationWillEnterForeground:(UIApplication *)application
Tells the delegate that the application is about to enter the foreground.Called as part of the transition from the background to the inactive state; here you can undo many of the changes made on entering the background.
在應(yīng)用程序?qū)⒁M(jìn)入前臺時(shí)(被激活)姥闪,要執(zhí)行的委托調(diào)用,剛好與?applicationWillResignActive 方法相對應(yīng)砌烁。
5.?applicationDidBecomeActive:(UIApplication *)application
Tells the delegate that the application has become active.Restart any tasks that were paused (or not yet started) while the application was inactive. If the application was previously in the background, optionally refresh the user interface.
在應(yīng)用程序已被激活后筐喳,要執(zhí)行的委托調(diào)用,剛好與applicationDidEnterBackground?方法相對應(yīng)函喉。
6.?applicationWillTerminate:(UIApplication *)application
Tells the delegate when the application is about to terminate.Called when the application is about to terminate. Save data if appropriate.
在應(yīng)用程序要完全推出的時(shí)候避归,要執(zhí)行的委托調(diào)用。