Ethic 與 moral斤吐，都是指人的行為規(guī)范辕漂。兩個(gè)詞有什么差別？

其微妙的差別在于尼摹，moral定義的是個(gè)人品格（personal character）替裆，而ethics強(qiáng)調(diào)的是應(yīng)用了這些品格的某個(gè)社會(huì)體系校辩。換句話說(shuō)，ethics所指的行為規(guī)范或準(zhǔn)則辆童，是群體的意志。所以惠赫，對(duì)于個(gè)體來(lái)說(shuō)把鉴，他的moral通常是不易變的，然而他的ethics則會(huì)隨外界環(huán)境的不同而發(fā)生變化的儿咱，這些所謂的外界環(huán)境就是不同的社會(huì)群體庭砍，比如國(guó)家，社會(huì)混埠，企業(yè)怠缸，職業(yè)，家庭等等钳宪，不同的群體當(dāng)然會(huì)形成不同的行為規(guī)范或準(zhǔn)則揭北。

英漢詞典中，將這兩個(gè)詞都譯成“道德”吏颖，也有特意將ethic譯成“倫理”將moral譯成“道德”搔体，用以顯示二者的區(qū)別的。但查閱了漢語(yǔ)“倫理”與“道德”的區(qū)別發(fā)現(xiàn)半醉，在漢語(yǔ)中疚俱，這里強(qiáng)調(diào)一下，尤其是古漢語(yǔ)中缩多，二者的區(qū)別并不完全等同于“ethics”和“moral”的區(qū)別呆奕。對(duì)此，這里不做細(xì)述衬吆。但假如將現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)的“倫理”與“道德”概念拿來(lái)與“ethics”和“moral”對(duì)應(yīng)梁钾，或許是可以的，因?yàn)榕夭郏S多現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)詞匯的概念就是借用了現(xiàn)代西方科學(xué)中的詞匯的概念的陈轿。然而，即使在現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)代用語(yǔ)的翻譯中秦忿，也還是出現(xiàn)許多混淆麦射，比如，professsional ethics還是被習(xí)慣稱之為職業(yè)道德灯谣，而不是職業(yè)倫理, company ethics譯為企業(yè)道德潜秋，而非企業(yè)倫理，只有social ethics胎许，family ethics峻呛，這些詞匯中人們會(huì)習(xí)慣于選擇倫理這個(gè)詞罗售，可見(jiàn)，這種現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)翻譯中的不規(guī)范钩述，還是有受到漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言使用者本身對(duì)倫理的傳統(tǒng)理解的影響的寨躁。

總之，“Ethic”與“moral”牙勘，或者說(shuō)現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)中的“倫理”與“道德”之間的差別在于职恳，前者是集體的意志，而后者是個(gè)人的價(jià)值觀方面。

辯護(hù)律師是辨別這兩個(gè)詞的區(qū)別的一個(gè)好例子放钦。辯護(hù)律師都有自己的個(gè)人道德準(zhǔn)則（moral code），這種道德準(zhǔn)則促使他相信殺人是不道德的恭金、應(yīng)當(dāng)受到譴責(zé)的行為操禀，然而另一種道德準(zhǔn)則（ethics）卻要求他竭盡全力為被告當(dāng)事人辯護(hù)，哪怕他本人知道該當(dāng)事人是有罪的横腿，如果他最終被釋放颓屑，有可能會(huì)給社會(huì)帶來(lái)更大的危害。在這里蔑水，法律的道德規(guī)范（legal ethics）必須超越個(gè)人的道德觀邢锯，為的是更好地維護(hù)一個(gè)能給予被告人公正判決的司法制度。

另一個(gè)有可能發(fā)生個(gè)人道德觀于集體道德觀之間的沖突的領(lǐng)域是工作場(chǎng)所搀别。如果一家公司故意模糊企業(yè)道德的邊界而無(wú)理要求員工超時(shí)工作丹擎，那么員工就不得不面臨選擇：是選擇一個(gè)高壓、苛刻歇父、耗時(shí)耗神的職業(yè)道德蒂培，還是選擇家庭責(zé)任，這一被認(rèn)為是對(duì)伴侶和孩子應(yīng)承擔(dān)的道義榜苫。

The difference between ethics and morals can seem somewhat arbitrary to many, but there is a basic, albeit subtle, difference. Morals define?personal?character, while ethics stress a?social?system in which those moralsare applied. In other words, ethics point to standards or codes of behavior expected by?the group?to which the individual belongs. This could be national ethics, social ethics, company ethics, professional ethics, or even family ethics. So while a person’s moral code is usually?unchanging, the ethics he or she practices can other-dependent.

When considering the difference between ethics and morals, it may be helpful to consider a criminal defense lawyer. Though the lawyer’s personal moral code likely finds murder immoral and reprehensible, ethics demand the accused client be defended as vigorously as possible, even when the lawyer knows the party is guilty and that a freed defendant would potentially lead to more crime. Legal ethics must override personal morals for the greater good of upholding a justice system in which the accused are given a fair trial and the prosecution must prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.

Another area in which ethics and morals can clash is at the workplace where company ethics can play against personal morality. Corporate greed that blurs its own ethical lines coupled with unreasonable demands on time can lead to having to choose between a stressful, demanding and consuming work ethic, and family obligations seen as moral obligations to spouse and children. Conversely, people lose jobs every day because of poor personal morals, employee theft being a common reason for dismissal.

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