Cypress前端E2E自動(dòng)化測(cè)試記錄
近期用Cypress作一個(gè)新項(xiàng)目的前端E2E自動(dòng)化測(cè)試另凌,對(duì)比TestCafe作前端E2E自動(dòng)化測(cè)試谱轨,Cypress有一些不同之處,現(xiàn)記錄下來(lái)吠谢。
所有Command都是異步的
Cypress中的所有Command都是異步的土童,所以編寫自動(dòng)化腳本時(shí)要時(shí)刻記住這點(diǎn)。比如:
不能從Command中直接返回工坊,而要用 .then()
來(lái)處理献汗。下面例子不工作:
const allProductes = cy.get('@allProductes')
正確的應(yīng)當(dāng)用
let allProductes = null;
cy.get('@allProductes').then((values) => {
allProductes = values;
}
還有一例,下面代碼也不能正常工作王污,是因?yàn)樵谝粋€(gè)代碼塊中罢吃,所有command都是異步先入隊(duì)列,只有代碼塊結(jié)束后才會(huì)依次執(zhí)行:
it('is not using aliases correctly', function () {
cy.fixture('users.json').as('users')
// 此處as還沒(méi)有執(zhí)行呢昭齐,只是入了隊(duì)列而已
const user = this.users[0]
})
正確的應(yīng)當(dāng)仍然是要用 .then()
范式:
cy.fixture('users.json').then((users) => {
const user = users[0]
// passes
cy.get('header').should('contain', user.name)
})
這樣的結(jié)果就是尿招,測(cè)試代碼中難免出現(xiàn)很多的回調(diào)函數(shù)嵌套。
同樣阱驾,因?yàn)镃ypress命令是異步的就谜,所以debugger也要在 then()
里調(diào)用,不能象下面這樣:
it('let me debug like a fiend', function() {
cy.visit('/my/page/path')
cy.get('.selector-in-question')
debugger // Doesn't work
})
// cy.pause()
上下文中的this不能用在箭頭函數(shù)中
當(dāng)用Mocha的共享上下文對(duì)象機(jī)制時(shí)里覆, this
不能用在箭頭函數(shù)丧荐,要用傳統(tǒng)的函數(shù)形式
beforeEach(function () {
cy.fixture('product').as('allProductes');
cy.gotoIndexPage();
})
...
phonePage.actRootSel.forEach((actSel, index) => {
cy.get(actSel + phonePage.btnExchangeSel, {timeout: Cypress.env('timeoutLevel1')}).click();
cy.get(rechargePage.sidebarSel).should('exist');
cy.get(rechargePage.sidebarSel).within(function ($sidebar) {
productName = this.allProductes[index].product;
cy.get(rechargePage.productNameSel).should('have.text', productName);
gameCount = UTILS.randomPhoneNo('1323434');
cy.get(rechargePage.gameCountSel).type(gameCount);
cy.get(rechargePage.btnRechargeSel).should('have.text', '支付 ' + this.allProductes[index].jfValue + ' 積分');
cy.get(rechargePage.btnRechargeSel).click();
});
...
如上所示,在within的回調(diào)函數(shù)中用了 function ($sidebar) {
這樣形式喧枷,而不能用箭頭函數(shù)篮奄。為了避免這樣的麻煩,可以考慮用 cy.get('@*')
來(lái)獲取上下文中變量割去。但那樣又要面對(duì)異步的問(wèn)題(注: cy.get
是異步的窟却,而 this.*
是同步的),還得用 then()
來(lái)解決問(wèn)題呻逆,有些兩難夸赫。
Mocha的共享上下文對(duì)象會(huì)在所有可用的hook和test之間共享。而且每個(gè)測(cè)試結(jié)束后咖城,會(huì)自動(dòng)全部清除抒钱。正是因?yàn)橛羞@樣的上下文共享機(jī)制缴阎,可以在test和hook之間共享變量或別名,要么用閉包 this.*
形式,要么用 .as(*)
這樣的形式蜓氨,實(shí)際上cy.get(@*)
相當(dāng)于 cy.wrap(this.*)
骏掀。而且還可以在多層級(jí)中共享:
describe('parent', function () {
beforeEach(function () {
cy.wrap('one').as('a')
})
context('child', function () {
beforeEach(function () {
cy.wrap('two').as('b')
})
describe('grandchild', function () {
beforeEach(function () {
cy.wrap('three').as('c')
})
it('can access all aliases as properties', function () {
expect(this.a).to.eq('one') // true
expect(this.b).to.eq('two') // true
expect(this.c).to.eq('three') // true
})
})
})
})
強(qiáng)大的重試機(jī)制
Cypress有缺省的重試(re-try)機(jī)制甚亭,會(huì)在執(zhí)行時(shí)進(jìn)行一些內(nèi)置的assertion白对,然后才超時(shí),兩種超時(shí)缺省值都是4秒:
command操作的timeout
assertion的timeout
Cypress一般只在幾個(gè)查找DOM元素的命令如 cy.get()
、 find()
苔严、 contains()
上重試定枷,但決不會(huì)在一些可能改變應(yīng)用程序狀態(tài)的command上重試(比如 click()
等)。但是有些command届氢,比如 eq
就算后面沒(méi)有緊跟assertion欠窒,它也會(huì)重試。
你可以修改每個(gè)command的timeout值退子,這個(gè)timeout時(shí)間會(huì)影響到本command和其下聯(lián)接的所有assertion的超時(shí)時(shí)間岖妄,所以不要在command后面的assertion上人工指定timeout。
cy.get(actSel + phonePage.btnExchangeSel, { timeout: Cypress.env('timeoutLevel1') }).click();
...
cy.location({ timeout: Cypress.env('timeoutLevel2') }).should((loc) => {
expect(loc.toString()).to.eq(Cypress.env('gatewayUrl'));
});
緊接著command的assertion失敗后寂祥,重試時(shí)會(huì)重新運(yùn)行command去查詢dom元素然后再次assert荐虐,直到超時(shí)或成功。多個(gè)assertion也一樣壤靶,每次重試時(shí)本次失敗的assertion都會(huì)把之前成功的assertion順便再次assert缚俏。
.and()
實(shí)際上是 .should()
的別名惊搏,同樣可用于傳入callback的方式贮乳。
cy.get('.todo-list li') // command
.should('have.length', 2) // assertion
.and(($li) => {
// 2 more assertions
expect($li.get(0).textContent, 'first item').to.equal('todo a')
expect($li.get(1).textContent, 'second item').to.equal('todo B')
})
注意:重試機(jī)制只會(huì)作用在最后一個(gè)command上,解決方法一般有下面兩種恬惯。
解決方法一 :僅用一個(gè)命令來(lái)選擇元素
// not recommended
// only the last "its" will be retried
cy.window()
.its('app') // runs once
.its('model') // runs once
.its('todos') // retried
.should('have.length', 2)
// recommended
cy.window()
.its('app.model.todos') // retried
.should('have.length', 2)
順便提一下向拆,assertion都最好用最長(zhǎng)最準(zhǔn)確的定位元素方式,要不然偶爾會(huì)出現(xiàn)"detached from the DOM"這樣的錯(cuò)誤酪耳,比如:
cy.get('.list')
.contains('li', 'Hello')
.should('be.visible')
這是因?yàn)樵?cy.get('.list')
時(shí)浓恳, .list
被當(dāng)作了subject存了起來(lái),如果中途DOM發(fā)生了變化碗暗,就會(huì)出現(xiàn)上面的錯(cuò)誤了颈将。改為:
cy.contains('.list li', 'Hello')
.should('be.visible')
所以,最好用最精確的定位方式言疗,而不要用方法鏈的形式晴圾。cypress定位元素時(shí)不但可以用CSS選擇器,還可以用JQuery的方式噪奄,比如:
// get first element
cy.get('.something').first()
cy.get('.something:first-child')
// get last element
cy.get('.something').last()
cy.get('.something:last-child')
// get second element
cy.get('.something').eq(1)
cy.get('.something:nth-child(2)')
解決方法二 :在命令后及時(shí)再加一個(gè)合適的assertion死姚,導(dǎo)致它及時(shí)自動(dòng)重試掉當(dāng)前元素(即“過(guò)程中”元素)
cy
.get('.mobile-nav', { timeout: 10000 })
.should('be.visible')
.and('contain', 'Home')
這樣處理后,在判斷 .mobile-nav
存在于DOM中勤篮、可見都毒、包括Home子串這三種情況下,都會(huì)等待最大10秒碰缔。
強(qiáng)大的別名機(jī)制
用于Fixture
這是最常用的用途账劲,比如:
beforeEach(function () {
// alias the users fixtures
cy.fixture('users.json').as('users')
})
it('utilize users in some way', function () {
// access the users property
const user = this.users[0]
// make sure the header contains the first
// user's name
cy.get('header').should('contain', user.name)
})
數(shù)據(jù)驅(qū)動(dòng)的自動(dòng)化測(cè)試,就可以考慮用這樣的方式讀取數(shù)據(jù)文件。
用于查找DOM
個(gè)人很少用這個(gè)方式涤垫,因?yàn)闆](méi)有帶來(lái)什么的好處姑尺。
// alias all of the tr's found in the table as 'rows'
cy.get('table').find('tr').as('rows')
// Cypress returns the reference to the <tr>'s
// which allows us to continue to chain commands
// finding the 1st row.
cy.get('@rows').first().click()
注意:用alias定議dom時(shí),最好一次精確倒位而不要用命令鏈的方式蝠猬,當(dāng)cy.get參照別名元素時(shí)切蟋,當(dāng)參照的元素不存在時(shí),Cypress也會(huì)再用生成別名的命令再查詢一次榆芦。但正如所知的柄粹,cypress的re-try機(jī)制只會(huì)在最近yield的subject上才起作用,所以一定要用一次精確倒位的選擇元素方式匆绣。
cy.get('#nav header .user').as('user') (good)
cy.get('#nav').find('header').find('.user').as('user') (bad)
用于Router
用來(lái)設(shè)置樁
cy.server()
// we set the response to be the activites.json fixture
cy.route('GET', 'activities/*', 'fixture:activities.json')
cy.server()
cy.fixture('activities.json').as('activitiesJSON')
cy.route('GET', 'activities/*', '@activitiesJSON')
等待xhr的回應(yīng)
cy.server()
cy.route('activities/*', 'fixture:activities').as('getActivities')
cy.route('messages/*', 'fixture:messages').as('getMessages')
// visit the dashboard, which should make requests that match
// the two routes above
cy.visit('http://localhost:8888/dashboard')
// pass an array of Route Aliases that forces Cypress to wait
// until it sees a response for each request that matches
// each of these aliases
cy.wait(['@getActivities', '@getMessages'])
cy.server()
cy.route({
method: 'POST',
url: '/myApi',
}).as('apiCheck')
cy.visit('/')
cy.wait('@apiCheck').then((xhr) => {
assert.isNotNull(xhr.response.body.data, '1st API call has data')
})
cy.wait('@apiCheck').then((xhr) => {
assert.isNotNull(xhr.response.body.data, '2nd API call has data')
})
斷言HXR的回應(yīng)內(nèi)容
// 先偵聽topay請(qǐng)求
cy.server();
cy.route({
method: 'POST',
url: Cypress.env('prePaymentURI'),
}).as('toPay');
...
// 從topay請(qǐng)求中獲取網(wǎng)關(guān)單
cy.wait('@toPay').then((xhr) => {
expect(xhr.responseBody).to.have.property('data');
cy.log(xhr.responseBody.data);
let reg = /name="orderno" value="(.*?)"/;
kpoOrderId = xhr.responseBody.data.match(reg)[1];
cy.log(kpoOrderId);
// 自定義命令去成功支付
cy.paySuccess(kpoOrderId);
// 校驗(yàn)訂單情況
validateOrderItem(productName, gameCount);
});
...
環(huán)境
Cypress的環(huán)境相關(guān)機(jī)制是分層級(jí)驻右、優(yōu)先級(jí)的,后面的會(huì)覆蓋前面的方式崎淳。
如果在cypress.json中有一個(gè) env
key后堪夭,它的值可以用 Cypress.env()
獲取出來(lái):
// cypress.json
{
"projectId": "128076ed-9868-4e98-9cef-98dd8b705d75",
"env": {
"foo": "bar",
"some": "value"
}
}
Cypress.env() // {foo: 'bar', some: 'value'}
Cypress.env('foo') // 'bar'
如果直接放在cypress.env.json后,會(huì)覆蓋掉cypress.json中的值拣凹。這樣可以把cypress.env.json放到 .gitignore
文件中森爽,每個(gè)環(huán)境都將隔離:
// cypress.env.json
{
"host": "veronica.dev.local",
"api_server": "http://localhost:8888/api/v1/"
}
Cypress.env() // {host: 'veronica.dev.local', api_server: 'http://localhost:8888/api/v1'}
Cypress.env('host') // 'veronica.dev.local'
以 CYPRESS_
或 cypress_
打頭的環(huán)境變量,Cypress會(huì)自動(dòng)處理:
export CYPRESS_HOST=laura.dev.local
export cypress_api_server=http://localhost:8888/api/v1/
Cypress.env() // {HOST: 'laura.dev.local', api_server: 'http://localhost:8888/api/v1'}
Cypress.env('HOST') // 'laura.dev.local'
Cypress.env('api_server') // 'http://localhost:8888/api/v1/'
最后嚣镜,還是要以用 --env
環(huán)境變量來(lái)指定環(huán)境變量:
cypress run --env host=kevin.dev.local,api_server=http://localhost:8888/api/v1
Cypress.env() // {host: 'kevin.dev.local', api_server: 'http://localhost:8888/api/v1'}
Cypress.env('host') // 'kevin.dev.local'
Cypress.env('api_server') // 'http://localhost:8888/api/v1/'
環(huán)境還能在在 plugins/index.js
中處理:
module.exports = (on, config) => {
// we can grab some process environment variables
// and stick it into config.env before returning the updated config
config.env = config.env || {}
// you could extract only specific variables
// and rename them if necessary
config.env.FOO = process.env.FOO
config.env.BAR = process.env.BAR
console.log('extended config.env with process.env.{FOO, BAR}')
return config
}
// 在spec文件中爬迟,都用Cypress.env()來(lái)獲取
it('has variables FOO and BAR from process.env', () => {
// FOO=42 BAR=baz cypress open
// see how FOO and BAR were copied in "cypress/plugins/index.js"
expect(Cypress.env()).to.contain({
FOO: '42',
BAR: 'baz'
})
})
自定義Command
自定義一些命令可以簡(jiǎn)化測(cè)試腳本,以下舉兩個(gè)例子菊匿。
簡(jiǎn)化選擇元素
Cypress.Commands.add('dataCy', (value) => cy.get(`[data-cy=${value}]`))
...
it('finds element using data-cy custom command', () => {
cy.visit('index.html')
// use custom command we have defined above
cy.dataCy('greeting').should('be.visible')
})
模擬登錄
Cypress.addParentCommand("login", function(email, password){
var email = email || "joe@example.com"
var password = password || "foobar"
var log = Cypress.Log.command({
name: "login",
message: [email, password],
consoleProps: function(){
return {
email: email,
password: password
}
}
})
cy
.visit("/login", {log: false})
.contains("Log In", {log: false})
.get("#email", {log: false}).type(email, {log: false})
.get("#password", {log: false}).type(password, {log: false})
.get("button", {log: false}).click({log: false}) //this should submit the form
.get("h1", {log: false}).contains("Dashboard", {log: false}) //we should be on the dashboard now
.url({log: false}).should("match", /dashboard/, {log: false})
.then(function(){
log.snapshot().end()
})
})
模擬支付請(qǐng)求
Cypress.Commands.add("paySuccess", (kpoOrderId, overrides = {}) => {
const log = overrides.log || true;
const timeout = overrides.timeout || Cypress.config('defaultCommandTimeout');
Cypress.log({
name: 'paySuccess',
message: 'KPO order id: ' + kpoOrderId
});
const options = {
log: log,
timeout: timeout,
method: 'POST',
url: Cypress.env('paymentUrl'),
form: true,
qs: {
orderNo: kpoOrderId,
notifyUrl: Cypress.env('notifyUrl'),
returnUrl: Cypress.env('returnUrl') + kpoOrderId,
},
};
Cypress._.extend(options, overrides);
cy.request(options);
});
...
// 在spec文件中
// 從頁(yè)面獲取網(wǎng)關(guān)單
cy.get('input[name="orderNo"]').then(($id) => {
kpoOrderId = $id.val();
cy.log(kpoOrderId);
// 自定義命令去成功支付
cy.paySuccess(kpoOrderId);
// 校驗(yàn)訂單情況
// 因?yàn)閏ypress所有命令都是異步的付呕,所以只能放在這,不能放到then之外跌捆!
validateOrderItem(productName, gameCount);
});
Cookie處理
Cookies.debug()
允許在cookie被改變時(shí)徽职,會(huì)記錄日志在console上:
Cypress.Cookies.debug(true)
Cypress會(huì)在每個(gè)test運(yùn)行前自動(dòng)的清掉所有的cookie。但可以用 preserveOnce()
來(lái)在多個(gè)test之間保留cookie佩厚,這在有登錄要求的自動(dòng)化測(cè)試方面很方便姆钉。
describe('Dashboard', function () {
before(function () {
cy.login()
})
beforeEach(function () {
// before each test, we can automatically preserve the
// 'session_id' and 'remember_token' cookies. this means they
// will not be cleared before the NEXT test starts.
Cypress.Cookies.preserveOnce('session_id', 'remember_token')
})
it('displays stats', function () {
})
it('can do something', function () {
})
})
最后,也可以用全局白名單來(lái)讓Cypress不在每個(gè)test前清cookie可款。
登錄的幾種方法
Cypress可以直接處理cookie育韩,所以直接表單登錄和模擬POST請(qǐng)求就可以登錄了。如果是cookie/session方式闺鲸,還要留意要在test之間手工保留cookie筋讨,請(qǐng)見Cookie處理部分。
// 直接提交表單摸恍,憑證入cookie中悉罕,登錄成功
it('redirects to /dashboard on success', function () {
cy.get('input[name=username]').type(username)
cy.get('input[name=password]').type(password)
cy.get('form').submit()
// we should be redirected to /dashboard
cy.url().should('include', '/dashboard')
cy.get('h1').should('contain', 'jane.lane')
// and our cookie should be set to 'cypress-session-cookie'
cy.getCookie('cypress-session-cookie').should('exist')
})
// 自定義命令發(fā)請(qǐng)求赤屋,但還有csrf隱藏域
Cypress.Commands.add('loginByCSRF', (csrfToken) => {
cy.request({
method: 'POST',
url: '/login',
failOnStatusCode: false, // dont fail so we can make assertions
form: true, // we are submitting a regular form body
body: {
username,
password,
_csrf: csrfToken // insert this as part of form body
}
})
})
// csrf在返回的html中
it('strategy #1: parse token from HTML', function(){
// if we cannot change our server code to make it easier
// to parse out the CSRF token, we can simply use cy.request
// to fetch the login page, and then parse the HTML contents
// to find the CSRF token embedded in the page
cy.request('/login')
.its('body')
.then((body) => {
// we can use Cypress.$ to parse the string body
// thus enabling us to query into it easily
const $html = Cypress.$(body)
const csrf = $html.find("input[name=_csrf]").val()
cy.loginByCSRF(csrf)
.then((resp) => {
expect(resp.status).to.eq(200)
expect(resp.body).to.include("<h2>dashboard.html</h2>")
})
})
...
})
// 如果csrf在響應(yīng)頭中
it('strategy #2: parse token from response headers', function(){
// if we embed our csrf-token in response headers
// it makes it much easier for us to pluck it out
// without having to dig into the resulting HTML
cy.request('/login')
.its('headers')
.then((headers) => {
const csrf = headers['x-csrf-token']
cy.loginByCSRF(csrf)
.then((resp) => {
expect(resp.status).to.eq(200)
expect(resp.body).to.include("<h2>dashboard.html</h2>")
})
})
...
})
// 登錄憑證不自動(dòng)存入cookie,需手工操作
describe('Logging in when XHR is slow', function(){
const username = 'jane.lane'
const password = 'password123'
const sessionCookieName = 'cypress-session-cookie'
// the XHR endpoint /slow-login takes a couple of seconds
// we so don't want to login before each test
// instead we want to get the session cookie just ONCE before the tests
before(function () {
cy.request({
method: 'POST',
url: '/slow-login',
body: {
username,
password
}
})
// cy.getCookie automatically waits for the previous
// command cy.request to finish
// we ensure we have a valid cookie value and
// save it in the test context object "this.sessionCookie"
// that's why we use "function () { ... }" callback form
cy.getCookie(sessionCookieName)
.should('exist')
.its('value')
.should('be.a', 'string')
.as('sessionCookie')
})
beforeEach(function () {
// before each test we just set the cookie value
// making the login instant. Since we want to access
// the test context "this.sessionCookie" property
// we need to use "function () { ... }" callback form
cy.setCookie(sessionCookieName, this.sessionCookie)
})
it('loads the dashboard as an authenticated user', function(){
cy.visit('/dashboard')
cy.contains('h1', 'jane.lane')
})
it('loads the admin view as an authenticated user', function(){
cy.visit('/admin')
cy.contains('h1', 'Admin')
})
})
如果是jwt壁袄,可以手工設(shè)置jwt
// login just once using API
let user
before(function fetchUser () {
cy.request('POST', 'http://localhost:4000/users/authenticate', {
username: Cypress.env('username'),
password: Cypress.env('password'),
})
.its('body')
.then((res) => {
user = res
})
})
// but set the user before visiting the page
// so the app thinks it is already authenticated
beforeEach(function setUser () {
cy.visit('/', {
onBeforeLoad (win) {
// and before the page finishes loading
// set the user object in local storage
win.localStorage.setItem('user', JSON.stringify(user))
},
})
// the page should be opened and the user should be logged in
})
...
// use token
it('makes authenticated request', () => {
// we can make authenticated request ourselves
// since we know the token
cy.request({
url: 'http://localhost:4000/users',
auth: {
bearer: user.token,
},
})
.its('body')
.should('deep.equal', [
{
id: 1,
username: 'test',
firstName: 'Test',
lastName: 'User',
},
])
})
拖放處理
Cyprss中處理拖放很容易类早,在test runner中調(diào)試也很方便。
用mouse事件
// A drag and drop action is made up of a mousedown event,
// multiple mousemove events, and a mouseup event
// (we can get by with just one mousemove event for our test,
// even though there would be dozens in a normal interaction)
//
// For the mousedown, we specify { which: 1 } because dragula will
// ignore a mousedown if it's not a left click
//
// On mousemove, we need to specify where we're moving
// with clientX and clientY
function movePiece (number, x, y) {
cy.get(`.piece-${number}`)
.trigger('mousedown', { which: 1 })
.trigger('mousemove', { clientX: x, clientY: y })
.trigger('mouseup', {force: true})
}
用拖放事件
// 定義拖放方法
function dropBallInHoop (index) {
cy.get('.balls img').first()
.trigger('dragstart')
cy.get('.hoop')
.trigger('drop')
}
// 或手工處理
it('highlights hoop when ball is dragged over it', function(){
cy.get('.hoop')
.trigger('dragenter')
.should('have.class', 'over')
})
it('unhighlights hoop when ball is dragged out of it', function(){
cy.get('.hoop')
.trigger('dragenter')
.should('have.class', 'over')
.trigger('dragleave')
.should('not.have.class', 'over')
})
動(dòng)態(tài)生成test
動(dòng)態(tài)生成test嗜逻,經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在數(shù)據(jù)驅(qū)動(dòng)的場(chǎng)合下
用不同的屏幕測(cè)試
// run the same test against different viewport resolution
const sizes = ['iphone-6', 'ipad-2', [1024, 768]]
sizes.forEach((size) => {
it(`displays logo on ${size} screen`, () => {
if (Cypress._.isArray(size)) {
cy.viewport(size[0], size[1])
} else {
cy.viewport(size)
}
cy.visit('https://www.cypress.io')
cy.get(logoSelector).should('be.visible')
})
})
})
數(shù)據(jù)驅(qū)動(dòng)涩僻,數(shù)據(jù)可以來(lái)源于fixture,也可以來(lái)源于實(shí)時(shí)請(qǐng)求或task栈顷!
context('dynamic users', () => {
// invoke:Invoke a function on the previously yielded subject.
before(() => {
cy.request('https://jsonplaceholder.cypress.io/users?limit=3')
.its('body')
.should('have.length', 10)
.invoke('slice', 0, 3)
.as('users')
// the above lines "invoke" + "as" are equivalent to
// .then((list) => {
// this.users = list.slice(0, 3)
// })
})
describe('fetched users', () => {
Cypress._.range(0, 3).forEach((k) => {
it(`# ${k}`, function () {
const user = this.users[k]
cy.log(`user ${user.name} ${user.email}`)
cy.wrap(user).should('have.property', 'name')
})
})
})
})
// plugins/index.js中
module.exports = (on, config) => {
on('task', {
getData () {
return ['a', 'b', 'c']
},
})
}
...
context('generated using cy.task', () => {
before(() => {
cy.task('getData').as('letters')
})
describe('dynamic letters', () => {
it('has fetched letters', function () {
expect(this.letters).to.be.an('array')
})
Cypress._.range(0, 3).forEach((k) => {
it(`tests letter #${k}`, function () {
const letter = this.letters[k]
cy.wrap(letter).should('match', /a|b|c/)
})
})
})
})
雜項(xiàng)
- fixture文件不會(huì)被test runner 的"live mode" watched到逆日,修改它后,只能手工重新跑測(cè)試萄凤。
- Cypress只能檢查到Ajax請(qǐng)求室抽,不能檢查到Fetch和其它比如<script>發(fā)出的請(qǐng)求。這是個(gè)很大的問(wèn)題靡努,一直沒(méi)有解決坪圾。要
polyfill
掉Fetch API才行。但這樣實(shí)際上對(duì)被測(cè)應(yīng)用有些改動(dòng)了惑朦。
// 先npm install cypress-unfetch
// 再在supports/index.js中import即可
import '@rckeller/cypress-unfetch'
- Cypress的command返回的不是promise兽泄,而是包裝過(guò)的。但可以用
then
把yield的subject傳遞下去行嗤。而且在then()
中得到的是最近的一個(gè)command里yield的subject已日《舛可以用.end()
來(lái)結(jié)束這個(gè)yield鏈栅屏,讓其后的Command不收到前面yield的subject:
cy
.contains('User: Cheryl').click().end() // yield null
.contains('User: Charles').click() // contains looks for content in document now
其實(shí),完全可以都用 cy.
重新開始一個(gè)新的調(diào)用鏈
cy.contains('User: Cheryl').click()
cy.contains('User: Charles').click() // contains looks for content in document now
- 當(dāng)指定baseUrl配置項(xiàng)后堂鲜,Cypress會(huì)忽略掉
cy.visit()
或cy.request()
中的url栈雳。當(dāng)沒(méi)有baseUrl配置項(xiàng)設(shè)定時(shí),Cypress會(huì)用localhost加隨機(jī)端口的方式來(lái)先運(yùn)行缔莲,然后遇一以了cy.visit()
或cy.request()
會(huì)再變化請(qǐng)求的url哥纫,這樣會(huì)有一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)閃爍或reload的情況。所以指定的baseUrl后痴奏,能節(jié)省點(diǎn)啟動(dòng)時(shí)間蛀骇。 - 錄制video現(xiàn)在只能被Electron這個(gè)瀏覽器支持。
- 判斷元素是否存在读拆,走不同的條件邏輯擅憔,用Cypress內(nèi)置的JQuery:
const $el = Cypress.$('.greeting')
if ($el.length) {
cy.log('Closing greeting')
cy.get('.greeting')
.contains('Close')
.click()
}
cy.get('.greeting')
.should('not.be.visible')
- 測(cè)試對(duì)象可以用
this.test
訪問(wèn),測(cè)試的的名字可以用this.test.title
獲得檐晕,但在hook中它卻是hook的名字暑诸! - 測(cè)試腳本是執(zhí)行在瀏覽器中的蚌讼,包括引入的javascript模塊。Cypress用babel和browserify預(yù)處理它們个榕。Cypress只能和
cy.task()
或cy.exec()
分別執(zhí)行Node和Shell篡石。但是要小心:只有task
或exec
執(zhí)行終止后,Cypress才會(huì)繼續(xù)運(yùn)行西采! -
contains
斷言可以跨多個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的文本形的元素凰萨,比如<span>或<strong>,也能成功
cy.get('.todo-count').contains('3 items left')
-
within
在定位層級(jí)多的元素時(shí)非常好用
cy.get(orderlistPage.orderItemRootSel, { timeout: Cypress.env('timeoutLevel3') }).first().within(($item) => {
cy.get(orderlistPage.orderItemProductNameSel).should('have.text', productName);
cy.get(orderlistPage.orderItemGameCountSel).first().should('have.text', gameCount);
cy.get(orderlistPage.orderItemStateSel).should('have.text', orderState);
})
- 把
fixture
文檔可以當(dāng)作模塊來(lái)引入
const allProductes = require('../../fixtures/product');
- 忽略頁(yè)面未處理異常
// ignore errors from the site itself
Cypress.on('uncaught:exception', () => {
return false
})
- hook可以放到
supports/*.js
中 - 給window加入定制屬性械馆,test中可以用
cy.window
得到window對(duì)象
it('can modify window._bootstrappedData', function () {
const data = {
...
}
cy.visit('/bootstrap.html', {
onBeforeLoad: (win) => {
win._bootstrappedData = data
},
})
...
- 底層交互元素
it('updates range value when moving slider', function(){
// To interact with a range input (slider), we need to set its value and
// then trigger the appropriate event to signal it has changed
// Here, we invoke jQuery's val() method to set the value
// and trigger the 'change' event
// Note that some implementations may rely on the 'input' event,
// which is fired as a user moves the slider, but is not supported
// by some browsers
cy.get('input[type=range]').as('range')
.invoke('val', 25)
.trigger('change')
cy.get('@range').siblings('p')
.should('have.text', '25')
})
- 處理不可交互的元素時(shí)沟蔑,可以給Command傳遞
{force: true}
這個(gè)選項(xiàng)