UIPasteboard 是 Swift 中用于存儲和檢索應(yīng)用程序中剪貼板中的數(shù)據(jù)的一個類船庇。剪貼板是應(yīng)用程序之間共享數(shù)據(jù)的一種機(jī)制屁使,UIPasteboard 提供了一種簡單的方式來存儲和檢索應(yīng)用程序中的剪貼板數(shù)據(jù)。
下面是 UIPasteboard 的一些特點和用法:
- UIPasteboard 是一個公共類別源梭,因此可以從所有應(yīng)用程序中訪問官套。
- UIPasteboard 包含兩個方法:setString:和 stringForType:,用于將字符串添加到剪貼板中或從剪貼板中檢索字符串蜀备。
- UIPasteboard 還包含一些類型和方法,如 URL 類型杖小、data 類型肆汹、image 類型和 text 類型,用于存儲和檢索不同類型的數(shù)據(jù)予权。
- 可以使用 UIPasteboard 將數(shù)據(jù)添加到剪貼板中昂勉,例如將一個 URL 添加到剪貼板中,以便在其他應(yīng)用程序中打開該 URL扫腺。
- 可以使用 UIPasteboard 檢索剪貼板中的數(shù)據(jù)岗照,例如檢索剪貼板中的 URL,或檢索剪貼板中的文本。
- UIPasteboard 還提供了一些方法攒至,用于檢查剪貼板中是否有特定類型的數(shù)據(jù)厚者,例如檢查剪貼板中是否有文本或 URL。
下面是一個簡單的示例迫吐,演示如何使用 UIPasteboard 存儲和檢索剪貼板中的數(shù)據(jù):
let string = "Hello, World!"
let pasteboard = UIPasteboard.general
pasteboard.setString(string, forType: .text)
print("剪貼板中的內(nèi)容是:\(string)")
if let string = pasteboard.string {
print("剪貼板中的內(nèi)容是:\(string)")
}
在iOS中,UITextField库菲、UITextView和UIWebView等都有復(fù)制粘貼等功能。而其她控件卻沒有集成這些方便操作的功能志膀。下面我將通過對粘貼板UIPasteboard這個類來詳細(xì)說明在iOS中粘貼板的使用方法熙宇。
1、剪切板管理類UIPasteboard詳解
UIPasteboard類有3個初始化方法溉浙,如下:
//獲取系統(tǒng)級別的剪切板
+ (UIPasteboard *)generalPasteboard;
//獲取一個自定義的剪切板 name參數(shù)為此剪切板的名稱 create參數(shù)用于設(shè)置當(dāng)這個剪切板不存在時 是否進(jìn)行創(chuàng)建
+ (nullable UIPasteboard *)pasteboardWithName:(NSString *)pasteboardName create:(BOOL)create;
//獲取一個應(yīng)用內(nèi)可用的剪切板
+ (UIPasteboard *)pasteboardWithUniqueName;
上面3個初始化方法奇颠,分別獲取或創(chuàng)建3個級別不同的剪切板,下面我們詳解一下在什么情況下用哪種初始化方法
+ (UIPasteboard *)generalPasteboard;
系統(tǒng)級別的剪切板在整個設(shè)備中共享放航,即是應(yīng)用程序被刪掉烈拒,其向系統(tǒng)級的剪切板中寫入的數(shù)據(jù)依然在。
+ (nullable UIPasteboard *)pasteboardWithName:(NSString *)pasteboardName create:(BOOL)create;
自定義的剪切板通過一個特定的名稱字符串進(jìn)行創(chuàng)建广鳍,它在應(yīng)用程序內(nèi)或者同一開發(fā)者開發(fā)的其他應(yīng)用程序中可以進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)共享荆几。舉個例子:比如你開發(fā)了多款應(yīng)用,用戶全部下載了赊时,在A應(yīng)用中用戶拷貝了一些數(shù)據(jù)(為了數(shù)據(jù)安全吨铸,不用系統(tǒng)級別的Pasteboard),在打開B應(yīng)用時就會自動識別祖秒,提高用戶體驗诞吱。
+ (UIPasteboard *)pasteboardWithUniqueName;
第3個方法創(chuàng)建的剪切板等價為使用第2個方法創(chuàng)建的剪切板,只是其名稱字符串為nil竭缝,它通常用于當(dāng)前應(yīng)用內(nèi)部房维。(當(dāng)然也可以跨應(yīng)用使用,但必須Bundle Identifier 例com.maoshaoqian.** 星號前部一樣)
注意:使用第3個方法創(chuàng)建的剪切板默認(rèn)是不進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)持久化的抬纸,及當(dāng)應(yīng)用程序退出后咙俩,剪切板中內(nèi)容將別抹去。若要實現(xiàn)持久化湿故,需要設(shè)置persistent屬性為YES阿趁。
下面我們來看一下UIPasteboard的常用屬性
//剪切板的名稱
@property(readonly,nonatomic) NSString *name;
//根據(jù)名稱刪除一個剪切板
+ (void)removePasteboardWithName:(NSString *)pasteboardName;
//是否進(jìn)行持久化
@property(getter=isPersistent,nonatomic) BOOL persistent;
//此剪切板的改變次數(shù) 系統(tǒng)級別的剪切板只有當(dāng)設(shè)備重新啟動時 這個值才會清零
@property(readonly,nonatomic) NSInteger changeCount;
UIPasteboard數(shù)據(jù)類型判斷及其存取
//獲取剪切板中最新數(shù)據(jù)的類型
- (NSArray<NSString *> *)pasteboardTypes;
//獲取剪切板中最新數(shù)據(jù)對象是否包含某一類型的數(shù)據(jù)
- (BOOL)containsPasteboardTypes:(NSArray<NSString *> *)pasteboardTypes;
//將剪切板中最新數(shù)據(jù)對象某一類型的數(shù)據(jù)取出
- (nullable NSData *)dataForPasteboardType:(NSString *)pasteboardType;
//將剪切板中最新數(shù)據(jù)對象某一類型的值取出
- (nullable id)valueForPasteboardType:(NSString *)pasteboardType;
//為剪切板中最新數(shù)據(jù)對應(yīng)的某一數(shù)據(jù)類型設(shè)置值
- (void)setValue:(id)value forPasteboardType:(NSString *)pasteboardType;
//為剪切板中最新數(shù)據(jù)對應(yīng)的某一數(shù)據(jù)類型設(shè)置數(shù)據(jù)
- (void)setData:(NSData *)data forPasteboardType:(NSString *)pasteboardType;
多組數(shù)據(jù)對象的存取:
//數(shù)據(jù)組數(shù)
@property(readonly,nonatomic) NSInteger numberOfItems;
//獲取一組數(shù)據(jù)對象包含的數(shù)據(jù)類型
- (nullable NSArray *)pasteboardTypesForItemSet:(nullable NSIndexSet*)itemSet;
//獲取一組數(shù)據(jù)對象中是否包含某些數(shù)據(jù)類型
- (BOOL)containsPasteboardTypes:(NSArray<NSString *> *)pasteboardTypes inItemSet:(nullable NSIndexSet *)itemSet;
//根據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)類型獲取一組數(shù)據(jù)對象
- (nullable NSIndexSet *)itemSetWithPasteboardTypes:(NSArray *)pasteboardTypes;
//根據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)類型獲取一組數(shù)據(jù)的值
- (nullable NSArray *)valuesForPasteboardType:(NSString *)pasteboardType inItemSet:(nullable NSIndexSet *)itemSet;
//根據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)類型獲取一組數(shù)據(jù)的NSData數(shù)據(jù)
- (nullable NSArray *)dataForPasteboardType:(NSString *)pasteboardType inItemSet:(nullable NSIndexSet *)itemSet;
//所有數(shù)據(jù)對象
@property(nonatomic,copy) NSArray *items;
//添加一組數(shù)據(jù)對象
- (void)addItems:(NSArray<NSDictionary<NSString *, id> *> *)items;
上面方法中很多需要傳入數(shù)據(jù)類型參數(shù)坛猪,這些參數(shù)是系統(tǒng)定義好的一些字符竄脖阵,如下:
//所有字符串類型數(shù)據(jù)的類型定義字符串?dāng)?shù)組
UIKIT_EXTERN NSArray<NSString *> *UIPasteboardTypeListString;
//所有URL類型數(shù)據(jù)的類型定義字符串?dāng)?shù)組
UIKIT_EXTERN NSArray<NSString *> *UIPasteboardTypeListURL;
//所有圖片數(shù)據(jù)的類型定義字符串?dāng)?shù)據(jù)
UIKIT_EXTERN NSArray<NSString *> *UIPasteboardTypeListImage;
//所有顏色數(shù)據(jù)的類型定義字符串?dāng)?shù)組
UIKIT_EXTERN NSArray<NSString *> *UIPasteboardTypeListColor;
相比于上面兩組方法,下面這些方法更加面向?qū)ο笫裕陂_發(fā)中使用更加方便與快捷:
//獲取或設(shè)置剪切板中的字符串?dāng)?shù)據(jù)
@property(nullable,nonatomic,copy) NSString *string;
//獲取或設(shè)置剪切板中的字符串?dāng)?shù)組
@property(nullable,nonatomic,copy) NSArray<NSString *> *strings;
//獲取或設(shè)置剪切板中的URL數(shù)據(jù)
@property(nullable,nonatomic,copy) NSURL *URL;
//獲取或設(shè)置剪切板中的URL數(shù)組
@property(nullable,nonatomic,copy) NSArray<NSURL *> *URLs;
//獲取或s何止剪切板中的圖片數(shù)據(jù)
@property(nullable,nonatomic,copy) UIImage *image;
//獲取或設(shè)置剪切板中的圖片數(shù)組
@property(nullable,nonatomic,copy) NSArray<UIImage *> *images;
//獲取或設(shè)置剪切板中的顏色數(shù)據(jù)
@property(nullable,nonatomic,copy) UIColor *color;
//獲取或設(shè)置剪切板中的顏色數(shù)組
@property(nullable,nonatomic,copy) NSArray<UIColor *> *colors;
//部分代碼參考
- (BOOL)canBecomeFirstResponder {
return YES;
}
- (BOOL)canPerformAction:(SEL)action withSender:(id)sender {
//action 會返回很多命黔,想用哪個就寫那個(action == @selector(cut:) )
return (action == @selector(copy:) || action == @selector(paste:) );
}
-(void)copy:(id)sender{
UIPasteboard* pasteboard = [UIPasteboard generalPasteboard];
[pasteboard setImage:self.image];
if ([self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(transSomeTing:)]) {
[self.delegate transSomeTing:pasteboard.image];
NSLog(@"%@",self.image);
}
NSLog(@"您點擊的是拷貝%@",pasteboard.items);
}
-(void)paste:(id)sender{
UIPasteboard* pasteboard = [UIPasteboard generalPasteboard];
UIImage *image = [pasteboard image];
if (image) {
self.image = image;
}
NSLog(@"您點擊的是粘貼");
}
- (void)cut:(id)sender {
UIPasteboard *pasteboard = [UIPasteboard generalPasteboard];
[pasteboard setImage:self.image];
NSLog(@"您點擊的是剪切");
}
- (void)select:(id)sender {
NSLog(@"您點擊的是選擇");
}
-(void)selectAll:(id)sender {
NSLog(@"您點擊的是全選");
}
對剪切板的某些操作會觸發(fā)如下通知:
//剪切板內(nèi)容發(fā)生變化時發(fā)送的通知
UIKIT_EXTERN NSString *const UIPasteboardChangedNotification;
//剪切板數(shù)據(jù)類型鍵值增加時發(fā)送的通知
UIKIT_EXTERN NSString *const UIPasteboardChangedTypesAddedKey;
//剪切板數(shù)據(jù)類型鍵值移除時發(fā)送的通知
UIKIT_EXTERN NSString *const UIPasteboardChangedTypesRemovedKey;
//剪切板被刪除時發(fā)送的通知
UIKIT_EXTERN NSString *const UIPasteboardRemovedNotification;
//使用舉例
//當(dāng)剪切板被刪除時呜呐,監(jiān)聽通知,可處理相應(yīng)事件纷铣;
[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self selector:@selector(menuControllerWillHide) name:UIPasteboardRemovedNotification object:nil];
2、剪切板管理類UIPasteboard具體使用
我們以系統(tǒng)粘貼板+ (UIPasteboard *)generalPasteboard;
來舉例子
我們給UIImageView添加復(fù)制粘貼事件
//
// ViewController.m
// Practice_UIPasteboard
//
//
#import "ViewController.h"
#import "PasteboardLabel.h"
#import "PasteboardImageView.h"
#import <MobileCoreServices/MobileCoreServices.h>
@interface ViewController ()<transSometing>
@property (strong, nonatomic) IBOutlet PasteboardImageView *leftImageView;
@end
@implementation ViewController
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
self.leftLabel.userInteractionEnabled = YES;
//用于監(jiān)聽 UIMenuController的變化
[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self selector:@selector(menuControllerWillShow) name:UIMenuControllerWillShowMenuNotification object:nil];
[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self selector:@selector(menuControllerWillHide) name:UIMenuControllerWillHideMenuNotification object:nil];
// Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.
}
- (IBAction)longPressGestureAction:(UILongPressGestureRecognizer *)sender {
//要將圖片變?yōu)榈谝豁憫?yīng)者战转,而且要把圖片設(shè)為**可交換狀態(tài)**
[self.leftImageView becomeFirstResponder];
self.leftImageView.userInteractionEnabled = YES;
self.leftImageView.delegate = self;
UIMenuController *menuController = [UIMenuController sharedMenuController];
[menuController setTargetRect:self.leftImageView.frame inView:self.view];
[menuController setMenuVisible:YES animated:YES];
}
}
// PasteboardImageView.m
// Practice_UIPasteboard
//
//
#import "PasteboardImageView.h"
@implementation PasteboardImageView
//這個方法不能少
- (BOOL)canBecomeFirstResponder {
return YES;
}
- (BOOL)canPerformAction:(SEL)action withSender:(id)sender {
return (action == @selector(copy:) || action == @selector(paste:) );
}
-(void)copy:(id)sender{
UIPasteboard* pasteboard = [UIPasteboard generalPasteboard];
[pasteboard setImage:self.image];
if ([self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(transSomeTing:)]) {
[self.delegate transSomeTing:pasteboard.image];
NSLog(@"%@",self.image);
}
NSLog(@"您點擊的是拷貝%@",pasteboard.items);
}
-(void)paste:(id)sender{
UIPasteboard* pasteboard = [UIPasteboard generalPasteboard];
UIImage *image = [pasteboard image];
if (image) {
self.image = image;
}
NSLog(@"您點擊的是粘貼");
}
/*
// Only override drawRect: if you perform custom drawing.
// An empty implementation adversely affects performance during animation.
- (void)drawRect:(CGRect)rect {
// Drawing code
}
*/
@end