我們?cè)?Linux 下進(jìn)行開發(fā)時(shí)匀哄，有時(shí)也需要知道當(dāng)前的硬件信息秦效，比如：CPU幾核？使用情況涎嚼？內(nèi)存大小及使用情況阱州？USB設(shè)備是否被識(shí)別？等等類似此類問題法梯。下面良許介紹一些常用的硬件查看命令苔货。
lshw
lshw 這個(gè)命令是一個(gè)比較通用的工具，它可以詳細(xì)的列出本機(jī)的硬件信息立哑。但這個(gè)命令并非所有的發(fā)行版都有夜惭，比如 Fedora 就默認(rèn)沒有，需要自己安裝铛绰。
lshw 可以從各個(gè) /proc 文件中提取出硬件信息诈茧，比如：CPU、內(nèi)存捂掰、usb 控制器敢会、硬盤等。如果不帶選項(xiàng)的話这嚣，列出的信息將很長鸥昏，加上?-short?選項(xiàng)時(shí)，將只列出概要信息姐帚。
[alvin@VM_0_16_centos?~]$?sudo?lshw?-short#篇幅關(guān)系吏垮，以下結(jié)果有刪減H/W?path????????????Device??????Class??????????Description==========================================================systemBochs/0bus????????????Motherboard/0/0memory96KiB?BIOS/0/401processor??????Intel(R)?Xeon(R)?CPU?E5-26xx?v4/0/1000memory2GiB?System?Memory/0/1000/0memory2GiB?DIMM?RAM/0/100bridge440FX?-82441FX?PMC?[Natoma]/0/100/1bridge82371SB?PIIX3?ISA?[Natoma/Triton?II]/0/100/1.1/0.1.0/dev/cdrom??disk???????????QEMU?DVD-ROM/0/100/1.2/1usb1????????bus????????????UHCI?Host?Controller/0/100/1.3bridge82371AB/EB/MB?PIIX4?ACPI/0/100/4/0/1/dev/vda1???volume49GiB?EXT3?volume/0/100/5generic????????Virtio?memory?balloon/0/100/5/0generic????????Virtual?I/O?device/0/1systemPnP?device?PNP0b00/0/2input??????????PnP?device?PNP0303
lscpu
lscpu 可以列出本機(jī)的 CPU 的相關(guān)信息，該命令沒有任何選項(xiàng)及參數(shù)。
[alvin@VM_0_16_centos?~]$?lscpuArchitecture:??????????x86_64CPU?op-mode(s):????????32-bit,?64-bitByte?Order:????????????Little?EndianCPU(s):????????????????1On-line?CPU(s)?list:???0Thread(s)?per?core:????1Core(s)?per?socket:????1Socket(s):?????????????1NUMA?node(s):??????????1Vendor?ID:?????????????GenuineIntelCPU?family:????????????6Model:?????????????????79Model?name:????????????Intel(R)?Xeon(R)?CPU?E5-26xx?v4Stepping:??????????????1CPU?MHz:???????????????2399.988BogoMIPS:??????????????4799.97Hypervisor?vendor:?????KVMVirtualization?type:???fullL1d?cache:?????????????32KL1i?cache:?????????????32KL2?cache:??????????????4096KNUMA?node0?CPU(s):?????0
lsusb
lsusb 列出與本機(jī)相連的所有 USB 設(shè)備的信息惫皱。默認(rèn)情況下像樊，只列出概要信息，使用?-v?選項(xiàng)可以列出每一個(gè) USB 口的詳細(xì)信息旅敷。
[alvin@VM_0_16_centos?~]$?lsusbBus001Device003:?ID0424:ec00Standard?Microsystems?Corp.?SMSC9512/9514Fast?Ethernet?AdapterBus001Device002:?ID0424:9514Standard?Microsystems?Corp.?SMC9514?HubBus001Device001:?ID1d6b:0002Linux?Foundation2.0root?hub
lsscsi
lsscsi 可以列出諸如硬盤/光驅(qū)等 SCSI/SATA 設(shè)備信息。
[alvin@VM_0_16_centos?~]$?lsscsi[0:0:1:0]????cd/dvd??QEMU?????QEMU?DVD-ROM1.2.??/dev/sr0
lspci
lspci 列出所有 PCI 總線颤霎，以及與 PCI 總線相連的所有設(shè)備的詳細(xì)信息媳谁，比如 VGA 適配器、顯卡友酱、網(wǎng)絡(luò)適配器晴音、usb 端口、SATA 控制器等缔杉。
[alvin@VM_0_16_centos?~]$?lspci00:00.0?Host?bridge:?Intel?Corporation?440FX?-?82441FX?PMC?[Natoma]?(rev?02)00:01.0?ISA?bridge:?Intel?Corporation?82371SB?PIIX3?ISA?[Natoma/Triton?II]00:01.1?IDE?interface:?Intel?Corporation?82371SB?PIIX3?IDE?[Natoma/Triton?II]00:01.2?USB?controller:?Intel?Corporation?82371SB?PIIX3?USB?[Natoma/Triton?II]?(rev?01)00:01.3?Bridge:?Intel?Corporation?82371AB/EB/MB?PIIX4?ACPI?(rev?03)00:02.0?VGA?compatible?controller:?Cirrus?Logic?GD?544600:03.0?Ethernet?controller:?Red?Hat,?Inc?Virtio?network?device00:04.0?SCSI?storage?controller:?Red?Hat,?Inc?Virtio?block?device00:05.0?Unclassified?device?[00ff]:?Red?Hat,?Inc?Virtio?memory?balloon
df
df 命令可以列出不同分區(qū)的大小锤躁，使用情況，使用率或详，掛載點(diǎn)等信息系羞，加上?-h?選項(xiàng)可以以 k, M, G 等單位表示大小，否則默認(rèn)是字節(jié)霸琴，不容易閱讀椒振。
[alvin@VM_0_16_centos?~]$?df?-hFilesystem??????Size??Used?AvailUse%?Mountedon/dev/vda150G7.5G40G16%?/devtmpfs911M0911M0%?/devtmpfs920M68K920M1%?/dev/shmtmpfs920M364K920M1%?/runtmpfs920M0920M0%?/sys/fs/cgrouptmpfs184M0184M0%?/run/user/0tmpfs184M0184M0%?/run/user/1001tmpfs184M0184M0%?/run/user/1000
free
free命令可以查看系統(tǒng)中使用的、閑置的和 RAM 的總體數(shù)量梧乘，一般帶上?-m?參數(shù)澎迎。
[alvin@VM_0_16_centos?~]$free-m??????????????total????????usedfreeshared??buff/cache???availableMem:1839221156014611400Swap:000
