7. 交互與反饋（Interactivity and Feedback）
7.1 用戶(hù)需了解的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)手勢(shì)（Users Know the Standard Gestures）
People use gestures—such as tap, drag, and pinch—to interact with apps and their iOS devices. Using gestures gives people a close personal connection to their devices and enhances their sense of direct manipulation of onscreen objects. People generally expect gestures to work the same in all the apps they use.
人們使用手勢(shì)——例如點(diǎn)擊捶枢、拖拽以及捏合——來(lái)與 app 和 iOS 設(shè)備交互。使用手勢(shì)會(huì)帶給人們與設(shè)備之間一種親密的個(gè)人聯(lián)系闯估，也會(huì)加強(qiáng)他們直接操控屏幕對(duì)象的感覺(jué)。人們通常期待所有 app 中手勢(shì)操作的效果一致。
Tap?To press or select a control or item.
點(diǎn)擊（Tap）：通過(guò)點(diǎn)擊來(lái)按壓或選擇一個(gè)控件或條目。
Drag?To scroll or pan—that is, move side to side.
To drag an element.
拖拽（Drag）：拖拽元素由一個(gè)位置移動(dòng)到另一位置府蛇。
Flick?To scroll or pan quickly.
輕按滑動(dòng)（Flick）：輕按并滑動(dòng)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)快速滾動(dòng)屿愚。
Swipe?With one finger, to return to the previous screen, to reveal the hidden view in a split view controller, or the Delete button in a table-view row.
With four fingers, to switch between apps on iPad.
滑動(dòng)（Swipe）：使用單指滑動(dòng)务荆，可以實(shí)現(xiàn)返回上一界面，顯示分割視圖控制器中的隱藏視圖或圖表視圖中行的左滑/右滑刪除按鈕穷遂。
iPad 上四指滑動(dòng)可以實(shí)現(xiàn) app 間的切換吠裆。
Double tap?To zoom in and center a block of content or an image.
To zoom out (if already zoomed in).
雙擊（Double tap）：雙擊一段內(nèi)容或者圖片可以以其為中心來(lái)進(jìn)行放大房交。如果已經(jīng)處于放大狀態(tài)徐绑，再次雙擊就會(huì)縮小。
Pinch?Pinch open to zoom in; pinch close to zoom out.
捏合（Pinch）：兩指向外捏開(kāi)可以放大抒寂；兩指向里捏合可以縮小。
Touch and hold?In editable or selectable text, to display a magnified view for cursor positioning.
長(zhǎng)按（Touch and hold）：長(zhǎng)按可以喚起編輯態(tài)屈芜，內(nèi)容可以進(jìn)行編輯或選擇，此時(shí)顯示一個(gè)帶光標(biāo)的放大視圖朴译。
Shake?To initiate an undo or redo action.
搖動(dòng)（Shake）：通過(guò)搖動(dòng)來(lái)撤銷(xiāo)或重做某一個(gè)操作。
In addition to the standard gestures users know, iOS defines a few gestures that invoke systemwide actions, such as revealing Control Center or Notification Center. Users rely on these gestures to work regardless of the app they’re using.
除了用戶(hù)已知的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)手勢(shì)动分，iOS 還定義了幾個(gè)手勢(shì)用于調(diào)用起系統(tǒng)級(jí)的操作毅糟，例如顯示控制中心和通知中心。無(wú)論當(dāng)前正在使用什么 app澜公，用戶(hù)都可以使用這些手勢(shì)。
Avoid associating different actions with the standard gestures. Unless your app is a game, redefining the meaning of a standard gesture may confuse people and make your app harder to use.
避免與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)手勢(shì)含義不一致的操作喇肋。除非是游戲 app坟乾，不然的話(huà)，對(duì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)手勢(shì)含義的重定義會(huì)讓用戶(hù)困惑蝶防，app 也變得難用甚侣。
Avoid creating custom gestures that invoke the same actions as the standard gestures. People are used to the behavior of the standard gestures, and they don’t appreciate being expected to learn different ways to do the same thing.
避免創(chuàng)建與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)手勢(shì)含義相同的自定義手勢(shì)。用戶(hù)已經(jīng)習(xí)慣于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)手勢(shì)的行為间学，他們不希望學(xué)習(xí)不同的方式來(lái)完成同樣的任務(wù)殷费。
Use complex gestures as shortcuts to expedite a task, not as the only way to perform it. As much as possible, always give users a simple, straightforward way to perform an action, even if it means an extra tap or two. Simple gestures let users focus on the experience and the content, not the interaction.
可以使用復(fù)雜手勢(shì)作為快捷方式來(lái)迅速完成任務(wù)，但不要將它作為唯一可用的方式低葫。盡可能總是為用戶(hù)提供一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單详羡、直接的方式來(lái)進(jìn)行操作，即使可能會(huì)多幾次點(diǎn)擊嘿悬。簡(jiǎn)單的手勢(shì)讓用戶(hù)專(zhuān)注于體驗(yàn)和內(nèi)容实柠，而不是交互。
In general, avoid defining new gestures unless your app is a game. In games and other immersive apps, custom gestures can be a fun part of the experience. But in apps that help people do things that are important to them, it’s best to use standard gestures because people don’t have to make an effort to discover them or remember them.
通常善涨，只在游戲 app 中才定義新手勢(shì)窒盐。在游戲或其他擬真 app 中草则，自定義手勢(shì)是體驗(yàn)中一個(gè)有趣的部分。但在幫助人們完成重要任務(wù)的 app 中蟹漓，最好還是使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)手勢(shì)炕横，因?yàn)槿藗儾槐刭M(fèi)勁探索或者記住手勢(shì)。
In a regular environment, consider using multifinger gestures. Although complex gestures aren’t appropriate for every app, they can enrich the experience in apps that people spend a lot of time in, such as games or content-creation environments. Always bear in mind that nonstandard gestures aren’t discoverable and should rarely, if ever, be the only way to perform an action.
在常規(guī)情況下葡粒，考慮使用多指手勢(shì)看锉。雖然復(fù)雜的手勢(shì)并不適于每一個(gè) app，但它們豐富了那些用戶(hù)會(huì)為之花費(fèi)很多時(shí)間的 app 的體驗(yàn)塔鳍，例如游戲或內(nèi)容創(chuàng)作 app伯铣。牢記：非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)手勢(shì)不應(yīng)該讓用戶(hù)探索才能發(fā)現(xiàn)其用法，也盡量不要成為進(jìn)行某項(xiàng)操作的唯一方式轮纫。
7.2 交互元素引發(fā)觸摸（Interactive Elements Invite Touch）
To signal interactivity, the built-in apps use a variety of cues, including color, location, context, and meaningful icons and labels. Users rarely need additional decorations to show them that an onscreen element is interactive or to suggest what it does.
為了標(biāo)明可交互之處腔寡，內(nèi)置 app 使用了許多線(xiàn)索，包括顏色掌唾、位置放前、上下文，以及有意義的圖標(biāo)和標(biāo)簽糯彬。用戶(hù)很少需要額外的裝飾來(lái)表明屏幕元素是可交互的凭语、或者它們能做什么。
A key color gives users a strong visual indicator of interactivity, especially in apps that don’t use an abundance of other colors. In Contacts, blue marks the interactive elements and gives the app a unified and recognizable visual theme.
關(guān)鍵色帶給用戶(hù)一種很強(qiáng)的可視化交互指示撩扒，尤其是在其他用色不多的 app 中似扔。在聯(lián)系人 app 中，藍(lán)色標(biāo)明了可交互元素搓谆，并給 app 一個(gè)統(tǒng)一可辨識(shí)的可視化主題炒辉。
The back button uses several cues to indicate its interactivity and convey its function: It appears in response to navigation, it displays a back-pointing chevron, it typically uses a key color, and it can display a title that describes the previous screen.
返回按鈕使用一些線(xiàn)索來(lái)表明它的交互性，同時(shí)傳達(dá)它的功能：它與導(dǎo)航相配合泉手，顯示回退點(diǎn)標(biāo)記黔寇，通常使用關(guān)鍵色，而且顯示上一個(gè)界面的標(biāo)題斩萌。
An icon or a title that provides a clear call to action invites users to tap it. For example, the titles in Maps, such as “Flyover Tour” and “Directions to Here,” clearly describe actions that users can take. Combined with a key color, actionable titles tend to make button borders or other embellishments superfluous.
圖標(biāo)或標(biāo)題提供明確指引讓用戶(hù)來(lái)點(diǎn)擊缝裤。例如地圖 app 中的標(biāo)題，“城市導(dǎo)覽地圖”和“到這里的路線(xiàn)”都很清晰地描述了用戶(hù)可以采取的操作颊郎。與關(guān)鍵色結(jié)合憋飞、可操作的標(biāo)題通常使按鈕邊框或其他裝飾變得多余。
In a content area, add a button border or background only if necessary.?Buttons in bars, action sheets, and alerts don’t need borders because users know that most of the items in these areas are interactive. In a content area, on the other hand, a button might need a border or a background to distinguish it from the rest of the content. For example, Music, Clock, Photos, and App Store use such buttons in a few specific contexts.
在內(nèi)容區(qū)袭艺，只在確實(shí)必要時(shí)才為按鈕增加邊框或背景搀崭。欄目上的按鈕、操作表單、警告提示都不需要邊框瘤睹，因?yàn)橛脩?hù)知道這些區(qū)域內(nèi)大部分條目是可交互的升敲。在內(nèi)容區(qū)，按鈕可能需要邊框或背景來(lái)與其他內(nèi)容相區(qū)別轰传。例如音樂(lè)驴党、時(shí)鐘、照片和 App Store 在一些特定的上下文下使用這樣的按鈕获茬。
Photos uses a button border to differentiate the Start Sharing button from the explanatory text that appears above it.
照片使用按鈕邊框來(lái)將”開(kāi)始共享“按鈕與其上方的解釋性文字相區(qū)別港庄。
Clock uses button backgrounds in the Stopwatch and Timer screens to draw attention to the Start and Pause buttons and to make them easy to tap even when the user's surroundings are distracting.
時(shí)鐘 app 在秒表和計(jì)時(shí)器中使用按鈕背景，以此方式吸引用戶(hù)注意開(kāi)始和暫停按鈕恕曲，很容易進(jìn)行點(diǎn)擊鹏氧。
App Store uses a button border in a table row to emphasize the distinction between tapping the row to get more information and tapping the button to initiate (or install) a purchase.
App Store 在圖表行中使用帶邊框的按鈕，以此區(qū)別點(diǎn)擊行來(lái)獲取更多信息與點(diǎn)擊按鈕獲扰逡ァ（安裝）應(yīng)用兩種不同的行為把还。
7.3 反饋有助于理解（Feedback Aids Understanding）
Feedback helps users know what an app is doing, discover what they can do next, and understand the results of their actions. UIKit controls and views provide many kinds of feedback.
反饋幫助用戶(hù)了解 app 正在做什么，發(fā)現(xiàn)下一步他們可以做什么茸俭，以及了解他們操作后的結(jié)果吊履。UIKit 控件和視圖提供了多種反饋方式。
As much as possible, integrate status and other relevant feedback information into your UI.?It’s best when users can get this type of information without taking action or being distracted from their content. For example, Mail displays the current mailbox status in the toolbar where it doesn’t compete with the user’s content.
盡可能集成狀態(tài)和其他相關(guān)反饋信息到 UI 中调鬓。最好用戶(hù)無(wú)需采取行動(dòng)或離開(kāi)內(nèi)容就能了解到這些反饋信息艇炎。例如，郵箱 app 在工具欄顯示當(dāng)前郵箱狀態(tài)腾窝，這不會(huì)與用戶(hù)內(nèi)容顯示相沖突缀踪。
Avoid unnecessary alerts.?An alert is a powerful feedback mechanism, but it should be used only to deliver important—and ideally actionable—information. If users see too many alerts that don’t contain essential information, they quickly learn to ignore all alerts. To learn more about using an alert, see?Alert.
避免不必要的警告提示。警告提示是一個(gè)強(qiáng)有力的反饋機(jī)制燕锥，但它應(yīng)該僅用于傳達(dá)重要的辜贵、理論上可操作的信息。如果用戶(hù)看了太多沒(méi)有包含重要信息的警告提示归形，他們很快就會(huì)養(yǎng)成忽略所有警告的習(xí)慣。了解更多鼻由，參見(jiàn)?Alert暇榴。
7.4 輸入信息應(yīng)該易于操作（Inputting Information Should Be Easy）
Inputting information takes time and attention, whether people tap controls or use the keyboard. When an app slows people down by asking for a lot of user input before anything useful happens, people can feel discouraged from using it.
無(wú)論用戶(hù)采用點(diǎn)擊控件還是使用鍵盤(pán)，輸入信息都會(huì)花費(fèi)時(shí)間和精力蕉世。如果 app 在有用內(nèi)容尚未出現(xiàn)前就頻繁要求用戶(hù)輸入蔼紧，那用戶(hù)就會(huì)不想再使用它了。
Make it easy for users to make choices.?For example, you can use a picker or a table view instead of a text field, because most people find it easier to select an item from a list than to type words.
要使用戶(hù)易于選擇狠轻。例如奸例，你可以提供一個(gè)拾取器或者表格視圖來(lái)代替輸入框，因?yàn)榇蟛糠钟脩?hù)覺(jué)得從列表中選擇某項(xiàng)會(huì)比打字更容易。
Get information from iOS, when appropriate.?People store lots of information on their devices. When it makes sense, don’t force people to give you information that you can easily find for yourself, such as their contacts or calendar information.
可以的話(huà)查吊，從 iOS 中直接讀取信息谐区。人們?cè)谠O(shè)備中會(huì)存儲(chǔ)很多信息。如果可以的話(huà)逻卖，不要迫使用戶(hù)提供那些你可以輕松從設(shè)備中讀取的信息宋列，例如聯(lián)系人或日歷信息。
Balance a request for input by giving users something useful in return.?A sense of give and take helps people feel they’re making progress as they move through your app.
要求用戶(hù)輸入時(shí)要給予有用的信息反饋评也。這種施與受的體驗(yàn)讓用戶(hù)明確感覺(jué)到自己在 app 中進(jìn)行逐步操作的過(guò)程炼杖。
