消息中間件
在消息中間件中有 2 個(gè)重要的概念：消息代理和目的地。當(dāng)消息發(fā)送者發(fā)送消息后球昨，消息就被消息代理接管尔店，消息代理保證消息傳遞到指定目的地。
我們常用的消息代理有 JMS 和 AMQP 規(guī)范主慰。對(duì)應(yīng)地连锯，它們常見(jiàn)的實(shí)現(xiàn)分別是 ActiveMQ 和 RabbitMQ住拭。
整合 ActiveMQ
添加依賴(lài)
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-activemq</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.activemq</groupId>
<artifactId>activemq-pool</artifactId>
</dependency>
添加配置
activemq 配置
spring.activemq.broker-url=tcp://192.168.2.12:61616
spring.activemq.user=admin
spring.activemq.password=admin
spring.activemq.pool.enabled=false
spring.activemq.pool.max-connections=50
使用發(fā)布/訂閱模式時(shí)，下邊配置需要設(shè)置成 true
spring.jms.pub-sub-domain=false
此處 spring.activemq.pool.enabled=false盆繁，表示關(guān)閉連接池盯孙。
編碼
配置類(lèi)：
@Configuration
public class JmsConfirguration {
public static final String QUEUE_NAME = "activemq_queue";
public static final String TOPIC_NAME = "activemq_topic";
@Bean
public Queue queue() {
return new ActiveMQQueue(QUEUE_NAME);
}
@Bean
public Topic topic() {
return new ActiveMQTopic(TOPIC_NAME);
}
}
負(fù)責(zé)創(chuàng)建隊(duì)列和主題调卑。
消息生產(chǎn)者：
@Component
public class JmsSender {
@Autowired
private Queue queue;
@Autowired
private Topic topic;
@Autowired
private JmsMessagingTemplate jmsTemplate;
public void sendByQueue(String message) {
this.jmsTemplate.convertAndSend(queue, message);
}
public void sendByTopic(String message) {
this.jmsTemplate.convertAndSend(topic, message);
}
}
消息消費(fèi)者：
@Component
public class JmsReceiver {
@JmsListener(destination = JmsConfirguration.QUEUE_NAME)
public void receiveByQueue(String message) {
System.out.println("接收隊(duì)列消息:" + message);
}
@JmsListener(destination = JmsConfirguration.TOPIC_NAME)
public void receiveByTopic(String message) {
System.out.println("接收主題消息:" + message);
}
}
消息消費(fèi)者使用 @JmsListener 注解監(jiān)聽(tīng)消息莉兰。
測(cè)試
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class JmsTest {
@Autowired
private JmsSender sender;
@Test
public void testSendByQueue() {
for (int i = 1; i < 6; i++) {
this.sender.sendByQueue("hello activemq queue " + i);
}
}
@Test
public void testSendByTopic() {
for (int i = 1; i < 6; i++) {
this.sender.sendByTopic("hello activemq topic " + i);
}
}
}
打印結(jié)果：
接收隊(duì)列消息:hello activemq queue 1
接收隊(duì)列消息:hello activemq queue 2
接收隊(duì)列消息:hello activemq queue 3
接收隊(duì)列消息:hello activemq queue 4
接收隊(duì)列消息:hello activemq queue 5
測(cè)試發(fā)布/訂閱模式時(shí)，設(shè)置 spring.jms.pub-sub-domain=true
接收主題消息:hello activemq topic 1
接收主題消息:hello activemq topic 2
接收主題消息:hello activemq topic 3
接收主題消息:hello activemq topic 4
接收主題消息:hello activemq topic 5
整合 RabbitMQ
添加依賴(lài)
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>
添加配置
spring.rabbitmq.host=192.168.2.30
spring.rabbitmq.port=5672
spring.rabbitmq.username=light
spring.rabbitmq.password=light
spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host=/test
編碼
配置類(lèi)：
@Configuration
public class AmqpConfirguration {
//=============簡(jiǎn)單秦效、工作隊(duì)列模式===============
public static final String SIMPLE_QUEUE = "simple_queue";
@Bean
public Queue queue() {
return new Queue(SIMPLE_QUEUE, true);
}
//===============發(fā)布/訂閱模式============
public static final String PS_QUEUE_1 = "ps_queue_1";
public static final String PS_QUEUE_2 = "ps_queue_2";
public static final String FANOUT_EXCHANGE = "fanout_exchange";
@Bean
public Queue psQueue1() {
return new Queue(PS_QUEUE_1, true);
}
@Bean
public Queue psQueue2() {
return new Queue(PS_QUEUE_2, true);
}
@Bean
public FanoutExchange fanoutExchange() {
return new FanoutExchange(FANOUT_EXCHANGE);
}
@Bean
public Binding fanoutBinding1() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(psQueue1()).to(fanoutExchange());
}
@Bean
public Binding fanoutBinding2() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(psQueue2()).to(fanoutExchange());
}
//===============路由模式============
public static final String ROUTING_QUEUE_1 = "routing_queue_1";
public static final String ROUTING_QUEUE_2 = "routing_queue_2";
public static final String DIRECT_EXCHANGE = "direct_exchange";
@Bean
public Queue routingQueue1() {
return new Queue(ROUTING_QUEUE_1, true);
}
@Bean
public Queue routingQueue2() {
return new Queue(ROUTING_QUEUE_2, true);
}
@Bean
public DirectExchange directExchange() {
return new DirectExchange(DIRECT_EXCHANGE);
}
@Bean
public Binding directBinding1() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(routingQueue1()).to(directExchange()).with("user");
}
@Bean
public Binding directBinding2() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(routingQueue2()).to(directExchange()).with("order");
}
//===============主題模式============
public static final String TOPIC_QUEUE_1 = "topic_queue_1";
public static final String TOPIC_QUEUE_2 = "topic_queue_2";
public static final String TOPIC_EXCHANGE = "topic_exchange";
@Bean
public Queue topicQueue1() {
return new Queue(TOPIC_QUEUE_1, true);
}
@Bean
public Queue topicQueue2() {
return new Queue(TOPIC_QUEUE_2, true);
}
@Bean
public TopicExchange topicExchange() {
return new TopicExchange(TOPIC_EXCHANGE);
}
@Bean
public Binding topicBinding1() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(topicQueue1()).to(topicExchange()).with("user.add");
}
@Bean
public Binding topicBinding2() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(topicQueue2()).to(topicExchange()).with("user.#");
}
}
RabbitMQ 有多種工作模式，因此配置比較多拱雏。想了解相關(guān)內(nèi)容的讀者可以查看本站的《RabbitMQ 工作模式介紹》或者自行百度相關(guān)資料棉安。
消息生產(chǎn)者：
@Component
public class AmqpSender {
@Autowired
private AmqpTemplate amqpTemplate;
/**
* 簡(jiǎn)單模式發(fā)送
*
* @param message
*/
public void simpleSend(String message) {
this.amqpTemplate.convertAndSend(AmqpConfirguration.SIMPLE_QUEUE, message);
}
/**
* 發(fā)布/訂閱模式發(fā)送
*
* @param message
*/
public void psSend(String message) {
this.amqpTemplate.convertAndSend(AmqpConfirguration.FANOUT_EXCHANGE, "", message);
}
/**
* 路由模式發(fā)送
*
* @param message
*/
public void routingSend(String routingKey, String message) {
this.amqpTemplate.convertAndSend(AmqpConfirguration.DIRECT_EXCHANGE, routingKey, message);
}
/**
* 主題模式發(fā)送
*
* @param routingKey
* @param message
*/
public void topicSend(String routingKey, String message) {
this.amqpTemplate.convertAndSend(AmqpConfirguration.TOPIC_EXCHANGE, routingKey, message);
}
}
消息消費(fèi)者：
@Component
public class AmqpReceiver {
/**
* 簡(jiǎn)單模式接收
*
* @param message
*/
@RabbitListener(queues = AmqpConfirguration.SIMPLE_QUEUE)
public void simpleReceive(String message) {
System.out.println("接收消息:" + message);
}
/**
* 發(fā)布/訂閱模式接收
*
* @param message
*/
@RabbitListener(queues = AmqpConfirguration.PS_QUEUE_1)
public void psReceive1(String message) {
System.out.println(AmqpConfirguration.PS_QUEUE_1 + "接收消息:" + message);
}
@RabbitListener(queues = AmqpConfirguration.PS_QUEUE_2)
public void psReceive2(String message) {
System.out.println(AmqpConfirguration.PS_QUEUE_2 + "接收消息:" + message);
}
/**
* 路由模式接收
*
* @param message
*/
@RabbitListener(queues = AmqpConfirguration.ROUTING_QUEUE_1)
public void routingReceive1(String message) {
System.out.println(AmqpConfirguration.ROUTING_QUEUE_1 + "接收消息:" + message);
}
@RabbitListener(queues = AmqpConfirguration.ROUTING_QUEUE_2)
public void routingReceive2(String message) {
System.out.println(AmqpConfirguration.ROUTING_QUEUE_2 + "接收消息:" + message);
}
/**
* 主題模式接收
*
* @param message
*/
@RabbitListener(queues = AmqpConfirguration.TOPIC_QUEUE_1)
public void topicReceive1(String message) {
System.out.println(AmqpConfirguration.TOPIC_QUEUE_1 + "接收消息:" + message);
}
@RabbitListener(queues = AmqpConfirguration.TOPIC_QUEUE_2)
public void topicReceive2(String message) {
System.out.println(AmqpConfirguration.TOPIC_QUEUE_2 + "接收消息:" + message);
}
}
測(cè)試
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class AmqpTest {
@Autowired
private AmqpSender sender;
@Test
public void testSimpleSend() {
for (int i = 1; i < 6; i++) {
this.sender.simpleSend("test simpleSend " + i);
}
}
@Test
public void testPsSend() {
for (int i = 1; i < 6; i++) {
this.sender.psSend("test psSend " + i);
}
}
@Test
public void testRoutingSend() {
for (int i = 1; i < 6; i++) {
this.sender.routingSend("order", "test routingSend " + i);
}
}
@Test
public void testTopicSend() {
for (int i = 1; i < 6; i++) {
this.sender.topicSend("user.add", "test topicSend " + i);
}
}
}
測(cè)試結(jié)果略過(guò)底扳。铸抑。。
踩坑提醒1：ACCESS_REFUSED - Login was refused using authentication mechanism PLAIN
解決方案：
請(qǐng)確保用戶(hù)名和密碼是否正確衷模，需要注意的是用戶(hù)名和密碼的值是否包含空格或制表符（筆者測(cè)試時(shí)就是因?yàn)槊艽a多了一個(gè)制表符導(dǎo)致認(rèn)證失斎笛础）。
如果測(cè)試賬戶(hù)使用的是 guest阱冶，需要修改 rabbitmq.conf 文件刁憋。在該文件中添加 “l(fā)oopback_users = none” 配置。
踩坑提醒2：Cannot prepare queue for listener. Either the queue doesn't exist or the broker will not allow us to use it
解決方案：
我們可以登陸 RabbitMQ 的管理界面木蹬，在 Queue 選項(xiàng)中手動(dòng)添加對(duì)應(yīng)的隊(duì)列至耻。
參考資料
