現(xiàn)在完成時（短暫性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞）的用法
基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+have/has+過去分詞(done)
? ①肯定句：主語+have/has+過去分詞+其他
? ②否定句：主語+have/has+not+過去分詞+其他
? ③一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+其他
? ④特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句（have/has+主語+過去分詞+其他）
（1）現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示現(xiàn)在之前已發(fā)生過或完成的動作或狀態(tài),但其結(jié)果卻和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系,也就是說,動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在.
? I have spent all of my money.(含義是:現(xiàn)在我沒有錢花了.)
? Jane has laid the table.(含義是:現(xiàn)在桌子已經(jīng)擺好了.)
? Michael has been ill.(含義是:現(xiàn)在仍然很虛弱)
? He has returned from abroad. (含義是:現(xiàn)在已在此地)
? （2）現(xiàn)在完成時可以用來表示發(fā)生在過去某一時刻的,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作（用行為動詞表示）或狀態(tài)（be動詞表示）常與for（+時間段）,since（+時間點或過去時的句子）連用.
? Mary has been ill for three days.
? I have lived here since 1998.
? 注（超重要）：瞬間動詞（buy,die,join,lose……）不能直接與for since 連用赴叹。要改變動詞
? come-be
? go out-be out
? finish-be over
? open-be open
? die-be dead
? ………………
? 1.have代替buy
? My brother has had(不能用has bought) thisbike for almost four years.
? 2呀洲、用keep或have代替borrow
1/5
? I have kept(不能用have borrowed)the book for quite a few days.
? 3、用be替代become
? How long has your sister been a teacher?
? 4捺僻、用have a cold代替catch a cold
? Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.
? 5恋技、用wear代替put on
? b)用“be＋形容詞”代終止性動詞
? 1拇舀、be＋married代marry 2、be＋ill代fall (get) ill
? 3蜻底、be＋dead代die 4骄崩、be＋asleep代fall (get)asleep
? 5、be＋awake代wake/wake up 6薄辅、be＋gone代lose,die,sell,leave
? 7要拂、be＋open代open 8、be closed代close/shut
? 9站楚、be＋missing(gone,lost)代lose
? c)用“be＋副詞”代終止性動詞
? 1“be＋on”代start,begin
? 2“be＋up”代get up
? 3“be＋back(to)”代return to,comeback to,go back to
? 4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get)here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等
? d)用“be＋介詞短語”代終止性動詞
? 1.“be in/at +地點”代替go to /come to
? 2.用be in the army 代替join the army
? 3.“be in/at +地點”代替move to
? 常用瞬間動詞變延續(xù)性動詞表：
? 1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.
? →have been insw./at…相應(yīng)的介詞
? 2. have come/gone back/returned → have been back
? 3. have come/gone out →have been out
? 4. have become → have been
? 5. have closed / opened→ have been close/open
2/5
? 6. have got up → have been up脱惰；
? 7. have died → have been dead；
? 8. have left sw. → have been away from sw.
? 9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep → have been asleep窿春；
? 10. have finished/ended/completed → have been over拉一；
? 11. havemarried → have been married；
? 12. have started/begun to do sth. → have done sth. 旧乞；
? 13. have begun → have been on
? 14. have borrowed/bought →have kept/had
? 15. have lost → haven’t had
? 16. have put on →have worn
? 17. have caught /get a cold → have had a cold蔚润；
? 18. have got to know → have known
? 19. have/has gone to → have been in
? 20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the army
? →have been amember of/ have been in/have been the Party’s member/the league member/thesoldier…
? 注意： 1.現(xiàn)在完成時不能單獨與準(zhǔn)確時間連用，(如表示過去的時間狀語）
? 如yesterday(morning尺栖、afternoon),last(morning嫡纠、afternoon)等，除非與for,since連用.
? 2.現(xiàn)在完成時往往同表示不確定的過去時間狀語連用
? ,如already（肯定）, yet（否定延赌，疑問）, just, before, recently,still, lately等:
? He has already obtained a scholarship.
? I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).
? We have seen that film before.
? Have they found the missing child yet ?
3/5
? 3. 現(xiàn)在完成時常常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用,
? 如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等:
? Have you ever been to Beijing
? I have never heard Bunny say anything against her.
? I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.
? George has met that gentleman on several occasions.
? 4. 現(xiàn)在完成時還往往可以同包括現(xiàn)在時間在內(nèi)的時間狀語連用,
? 如now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, thismorning/week/month/year, just, today, up to present, so far等:
? Peter has written six papers so far.
? Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.
? There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year.
? The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries havebeen enhanced in the past few years.
? Up to the present everything has been successful.
? 5. 現(xiàn)在完成時還可以用來表示過去的一個時間到現(xiàn)在這段時間內(nèi)重復(fù)發(fā)生的動作.
? We have had four texts this semester.
? 6.現(xiàn)在完成時的"完成用法"
? 現(xiàn)在完成時的"完成用法"指的是動作發(fā)生在過去某一時刻并已結(jié)束除盏，但該動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了影響，與現(xiàn)在情況具有因果關(guān)系皮胡。
? 例如：He has turned off the light.他已把燈關(guān)了痴颊。(動作結(jié)束于過去，但說明的是現(xiàn)在的情況--燈現(xiàn)在不亮了屡贺。)
? 現(xiàn)在完成時"完成用法"的特點是動作不延續(xù)蠢棱，因此锌杀，該時態(tài)只能與表示不定的過去時間狀語(如：already，yet泻仙，before糕再，recently等)、頻度時間狀語(如：never玉转，ever突想，once等)、包括現(xiàn)在時刻在內(nèi)的時間狀語(如：this morning ／ month ／year...究抓，today等)連用猾担。
? 例如： Have you found your pen yet？你已找到你的鋼筆了嗎刺下？
? 7.現(xiàn)在完成時的"未完成用法"
? 現(xiàn)在完成時的"未完成用法"指的是動作開始于過去某一時刻绑嘹，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或可能還要繼續(xù)下去橘茉。
4/5
? 例如：He has livedhere since 1978.自從1978年以來工腋，他一直住在這兒。(動作起始于1978年畅卓，一直住到現(xiàn)在擅腰，可能還要繼續(xù)住下去。)
? I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部隊已經(jīng)呆了五年多了翁潘。(動作開始于5年前趁冈，一直延續(xù)至今，有可能還要繼續(xù)下去唐础。)
? 此種用法的句中常需一個表示一段時間的狀語(由since或for引導(dǎo))箱歧，或表示與現(xiàn)在時刻相連的時間狀語(如：up to now，so far)等一膨。
? 例如：I have heardnothing from him up to now.到目前為止我沒有他的任何消息呀邢。
? 注意：(1)現(xiàn)在完成時的未完成用法只適用于延續(xù)性動詞，不可用于終止性動詞豹绪，即瞬間完成或延續(xù)時間很短的動詞价淌。如：come，go瞒津，arrive蝉衣，leave，join巷蚪，become病毡，die等。
? 8.一段時間+haspassed+since從句
? 9. 現(xiàn)在完成時常和短語 "up to now/till now", "so far" (意思是從過去某一確定的時間一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在.)
? Up to/till now he's read many story books. 至今他已讀過好多故事書屁柏。
? I've been to New York three times so far. 至今我已到紐約去過三次啦膜。
? 10 has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的區(qū)別
? gone:去了沒回
? been to :去過
? been in：呆了很久
? 11.不能與when連用
現(xiàn)在完成時（短暫性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞）的用法
基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+have/has+過去分詞(done)
? ①肯定句：主語+have/has+過去分詞+其他
? ②否定句：主語+have/has+not+過去分詞+其他
? ③一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+其他
? ④特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句（have/has+主語+過去分詞+其他）
（1）現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示現(xiàn)在之前已發(fā)生過或完成的動作或狀態(tài),但其結(jié)果卻和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系,也就是說,動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在.
? I have spent all of my money.(含義是:現(xiàn)在我沒有錢花了.)
? Jane has laid the table.(含義是:現(xiàn)在桌子已經(jīng)擺好了.)
? Michael has been ill.(含義是:現(xiàn)在仍然很虛弱)
? He has returned from abroad. (含義是:現(xiàn)在已在此地)
? （2）現(xiàn)在完成時可以用來表示發(fā)生在過去某一時刻的,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作（用行為動詞表示）或狀態(tài)（be動詞表示）常與for（+時間段）,since（+時間點或過去時的句子）連用.
? Mary has been ill for three days.
? I have lived here since 1998.
? 注（超重要）：瞬間動詞（buy,die,join,lose……）不能直接與for since 連用有送。要改變動詞
? come-be
? go out-be out
? finish-be over
? open-be open
? die-be dead
? ………………
? 1.have代替buy
? My brother has had(不能用has bought) thisbike for almost four years.
? 2、用keep或have代替borrow
1/5
? I have kept(不能用have borrowed)the book for quite a few days.
? 3僧家、用be替代become
? How long has your sister been a teacher?
? 4雀摘、用have a cold代替catch a cold
? Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.
? 5、用wear代替put on
? b)用“be＋形容詞”代終止性動詞
? 1八拱、be＋married代marry 2阵赠、be＋ill代fall (get) ill
? 3、be＋dead代die 4肌稻、be＋asleep代fall (get)asleep
? 5清蚀、be＋awake代wake/wake up 6、be＋gone代lose,die,sell,leave
? 7灯萍、be＋open代open 8轧铁、be closed代close/shut
? 9、be＋missing(gone,lost)代lose
? c)用“be＋副詞”代終止性動詞
? 1“be＋on”代start,begin
? 2“be＋up”代get up
? 3“be＋back(to)”代return to,comeback to,go back to
? 4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get)here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等
? d)用“be＋介詞短語”代終止性動詞
? 1.“be in/at +地點”代替go to /come to
? 2.用be in the army 代替join the army
? 3.“be in/at +地點”代替move to
? 常用瞬間動詞變延續(xù)性動詞表：
? 1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.
? →have been insw./at…相應(yīng)的介詞
? 2. have come/gone back/returned → have been back
? 3. have come/gone out →have been out
? 4. have become → have been
? 5. have closed / opened→ have been close/open
2/5
? 6. have got up → have been up旦棉；
? 7. have died → have been dead；
? 8. have left sw. → have been away from sw.
? 9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep → have been asleep药薯；
? 10. have finished/ended/completed → have been over绑洛；
? 11. havemarried → have been married；
? 12. have started/begun to do sth. → have done sth. 童本；
? 13. have begun → have been on
? 14. have borrowed/bought →have kept/had
? 15. have lost → haven’t had
? 16. have put on →have worn
? 17. have caught /get a cold → have had a cold真屯；
? 18. have got to know → have known
? 19. have/has gone to → have been in
? 20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the army
? →have been amember of/ have been in/have been the Party’s member/the league member/thesoldier…
? 注意： 1.現(xiàn)在完成時不能單獨與準(zhǔn)確時間連用，(如表示過去的時間狀語）
? 如yesterday(morning穷娱、afternoon),last(morning绑蔫、afternoon)等，除非與for,since連用.
? 2.現(xiàn)在完成時往往同表示不確定的過去時間狀語連用
? ,如already（肯定）, yet（否定泵额，疑問）, just, before, recently,still, lately等:
? He has already obtained a scholarship.
? I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).
? We have seen that film before.
? Have they found the missing child yet ?
3/5
? 3. 現(xiàn)在完成時常常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用,
? 如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等:
? Have you ever been to Beijing
? I have never heard Bunny say anything against her.
? I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.
? George has met that gentleman on several occasions.
? 4. 現(xiàn)在完成時還往往可以同包括現(xiàn)在時間在內(nèi)的時間狀語連用,
? 如now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, thismorning/week/month/year, just, today, up to present, so far等:
? Peter has written six papers so far.
? Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.
? There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year.
? The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries havebeen enhanced in the past few years.
? Up to the present everything has been successful.
? 5. 現(xiàn)在完成時還可以用來表示過去的一個時間到現(xiàn)在這段時間內(nèi)重復(fù)發(fā)生的動作.
? We have had four texts this semester.
? 6.現(xiàn)在完成時的"完成用法"
? 現(xiàn)在完成時的"完成用法"指的是動作發(fā)生在過去某一時刻并已結(jié)束配深，但該動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了影響，與現(xiàn)在情況具有因果關(guān)系嫁盲。
? 例如：He has turned off the light.他已把燈關(guān)了篓叶。(動作結(jié)束于過去，但說明的是現(xiàn)在的情況--燈現(xiàn)在不亮了羞秤。)
? 現(xiàn)在完成時"完成用法"的特點是動作不延續(xù)缸托，因此，該時態(tài)只能與表示不定的過去時間狀語(如：already瘾蛋，yet俐镐，before，recently等)哺哼、頻度時間狀語(如：never佩抹，ever叼风，once等)、包括現(xiàn)在時刻在內(nèi)的時間狀語(如：this morning ／ month ／year...匹摇，today等)連用咬扇。
? 例如： Have you found your pen yet？你已找到你的鋼筆了嗎廊勃？
? 7.現(xiàn)在完成時的"未完成用法"
? 現(xiàn)在完成時的"未完成用法"指的是動作開始于過去某一時刻懈贺，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或可能還要繼續(xù)下去坡垫。
4/5
? 例如：He has livedhere since 1978.自從1978年以來梭灿，他一直住在這兒。(動作起始于1978年冰悠，一直住到現(xiàn)在堡妒，可能還要繼續(xù)住下去。)
? I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部隊已經(jīng)呆了五年多了溉卓。(動作開始于5年前皮迟，一直延續(xù)至今，有可能還要繼續(xù)下去桑寨。)
? 此種用法的句中常需一個表示一段時間的狀語(由since或for引導(dǎo))伏尼，或表示與現(xiàn)在時刻相連的時間狀語(如：up to now，so far)等尉尾。
? 例如：I have heardnothing from him up to now.到目前為止我沒有他的任何消息爆阶。
? 注意：(1)現(xiàn)在完成時的未完成用法只適用于延續(xù)性動詞，不可用于終止性動詞沙咏，即瞬間完成或延續(xù)時間很短的動詞辨图。如：come，go肢藐，arrive故河，leave，join窖壕，become忧勿，die等。
? 8.一段時間+haspassed+since從句
? 9. 現(xiàn)在完成時常和短語 "up to now/till now", "so far" (意思是從過去某一確定的時間一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在.)
? Up to/till now he's read many story books. 至今他已讀過好多故事書瞻讽。
? I've been to New York three times so far. 至今我已到紐約去過三次鸳吸。
? 10 has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的區(qū)別
? gone:去了沒回
? been to :去過
? been in：呆了很久
? 11.不能與when連用
