10 Bits & Pieces
Expressions
The second is necessarily longer and it has an insipid quality: something was done by somebody to someone else.
insipid 1. having almost no taste or flavour【SYN】 flavourless
?a cup of insipid coffee一杯淡而無(wú)味的咖啡
這里意思 2. not interesting or exciting ? ? 【SYN】 dull
?After an hour of insipid conversation, I left.經(jīng)過(guò)一個(gè)小時(shí)乏味的談話之后,我離開(kāi)了闪檬。
A style that consists of passive constructions will sap the reader’s energy.
sap? 1.（尤指經(jīng)過(guò)一段很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間）使傷元?dú)夤喊剩幌魅酰皇购谋M
?Constant criticism saps you of your confidence.不間斷的批評(píng)會(huì)消磨信心样傍。
另一常見(jiàn)意思2.（植物運(yùn)送養(yǎng)分的）汁铺遂，液
These are brief thoughts on punctuation, in no way intended as a primer.
primer? 美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中，1讀作 /'pra?m?/襟锐，2讀作 /'pr?m?/粮坞。
1[物質(zhì)名詞] 底漆；底層涂料莫杈；Primer is a type of paint that is put onto wood in order to prepare it for the main layer of paint.
這里意思a short informative piece of writing
2[可數(shù)名詞] 初級(jí)讀本；啟蒙書(shū)敲霍；入門書(shū)丁存；A primer is a book containing basic facts about a subject, which is used by someone who is beginning to study that subject.
Read that aloud and hear how stilted it sounds.
stilted (言談)呆板的柴我，生硬的，不自然的聋伦；If someone speaks in a stilted way, they speak in a formal or unnatural way, for example because they are not relaxed.
--We made polite, stilted conversation.我們客套了一番。
--His delivery was stilted and occasionally stumbling.他的發(fā)言很生硬觉增，有時(shí)還打結(jié)巴。
This is a new American disease that strings two or three nouns together where one noun—or, better yet, one verb—will do.
disease 弊端逾礁；惡疾；痼疾
[C] 可數(shù)(formal) something that is very wrong with people's attitudes, way of life or with society
?Greed is a disease of modern society.貪婪是現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的惡疾腻扇。
Thoughts
1.講了動(dòng)詞砾嫉，形容詞和副詞。除非必要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)更合適舶沿，否則使用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)動(dòng)詞济锄。The Elements of Style中也說(shuō)使用有力的名詞和動(dòng)詞。名詞和動(dòng)詞是支撐整個(gè)文章的靈魂荐绝，形容詞和副詞可以填補(bǔ)血肉低滩，卻不能替代它們。然而我們很喜歡堆砌很多不必要的形容詞和副詞修飾恕沫，學(xué)會(huì)節(jié)制吧。
2.去掉小修飾詞the small words that qualify how you feel and how you think and what you saw: “a bit,” “a little,” “sort of,” “kind：一點(diǎn)鲸阔，也許迄委，可能，相當(dāng)渔扎，非常等等信轿。作者說(shuō)好的寫(xiě)作精練而自信残吩。在寫(xiě)作上倘核，我基本同意。不過(guò)個(gè)人感覺(jué)在口語(yǔ)中有時(shí)候用這些詞表達(dá)會(huì)更委婉親切紧唱。
3,標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)琼蚯，我也同意破折號(hào)有時(shí)很有用。語(yǔ)氣變化詞的作用也贊同：Learn to alert the reader as soon as possible to any change in mood from the previous sentence. (“but,” “yet,” “however,”“nevertheless,”“still,”“instead,” “thus,” “therefore,” “meanwhile,” “now,” “l(fā)ater,”“today,” “subsequently”)
5.always use “that” unless it makes your meaning ambiguous.
6.說(shuō)到名詞遭庶，不要堆砌概念名詞或名詞串，作者認(rèn)為加入人和動(dòng)詞會(huì)更生動(dòng)翎苫。
7.夸大其詞降低可信度榨了。
8.口述的句子很容易夸大其詞，廢話連篇呐粘，最好適當(dāng)修改转捕。
9.寫(xiě)作不是競(jìng)賽，按照自己的步調(diào)走五芝。同自己比枢步。
10.保持段落簡(jiǎn)短。寫(xiě)作具有視覺(jué)性醉途。但也不要使用連續(xù)的短段落。長(zhǎng)短結(jié)合脯倚。
