? ? ? ?老師叮嚀：李輝老師說(shuō)册着，語(yǔ)法填空這種題型褐着，考點(diǎn)極其固定胰伍，因?yàn)榘倌暌詠?lái)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法都沒發(fā)生過巨大的變化齿诞。高考語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)本來(lái)就有限，能用填空這種形式來(lái)考的語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)就更有限了骂租。只要掌握知識(shí)點(diǎn)祷杈，考試必須妥妥的！下面的虛擬語(yǔ)氣“很重要”渗饮！經(jīng)過了全網(wǎng)首席高考英語(yǔ)名師李輝老師團(tuán)隊(duì)高度認(rèn)真的整理校對(duì)但汞，無(wú)錯(cuò)宿刮，可信！可供全國(guó)各省高中生打印私蕾、學(xué)習(xí)僵缺、背誦！
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一踩叭、語(yǔ)氣概述
? ? ? ? 時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)一樣磕潮，語(yǔ)氣也是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一種形式，它表明說(shuō)話者的目的和意圖容贝。英語(yǔ)中有三種語(yǔ)氣：陳述語(yǔ)氣自脯，祈使語(yǔ)氣和虛擬語(yǔ)氣。（有的語(yǔ)法書說(shuō)語(yǔ)氣有四種斤富，即還包括疑問語(yǔ)氣）膏潮。
eg:
①He doesn’t see very well in his right eye. ? ? ? ? ? ? 他右眼視力不太好。（陳述語(yǔ)氣）
②Have they ever been to Australia ? ???? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?他們?nèi)ミ^澳大利亞沒有满力？（疑問語(yǔ)氣）
③Please read through the instruction in advance. 請(qǐng)先通讀說(shuō)明書焕参。（祈使語(yǔ)氣）
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二、虛擬語(yǔ)氣概述
? ? ? ?在英語(yǔ)中油额，由于說(shuō)話人的意圖不同叠纷，動(dòng)詞需用不同的形式，稱為語(yǔ)氣潦嘶。虛擬語(yǔ)氣是指說(shuō)話人表示一種假設(shè)的情況讲岁，一種愿望，懷疑衬以，推測(cè)，請(qǐng)求等校摩，即認(rèn)為動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)并非事實(shí)看峻。虛擬語(yǔ)氣可用于狀語(yǔ)從句，名詞性從句衙吩，定語(yǔ)從句及其他結(jié)構(gòu)中互妓。
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三、虛擬語(yǔ)氣的定義
如果一件事不是真實(shí)的坤塞，而是虛擬的冯勉，就在這個(gè)動(dòng)詞身上加一個(gè)did。
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四摹芙、非真實(shí)條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
A.由If引導(dǎo)的兩種條件句：
?真實(shí)條件句（遵循主將從現(xiàn)原則）
非真實(shí)條件句（虛擬語(yǔ)氣）
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以下為If在非真實(shí)條件句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的形式和用法：
eg:
①If?I were you ,I would reconsider their advice.
如果我是你的話灼狰，我會(huì)重新考慮他們的意見。（與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反）
②You would?not have caught a cold if you had?put on more clothes.
如果你多穿了些衣服浮禾，你就不會(huì)得感冒了交胚。（與過去事實(shí)相反）
③If I were to / should?do it ,I would do it in?different way.
如果我做這件事份汗，我將用不同的方法做。（與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反）
注意：在非正式文體中蝴簇，如果If 條件句中有助動(dòng)詞were?/ should?/ had可將其提于主語(yǔ)之前（位于句首）杯活，再把If省掉，即形成部分倒裝熬词。
當(dāng)主從句所表示的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)旁钧，主從句按各自的時(shí)間采用相應(yīng)的謂語(yǔ)形式。
常見的有：
? ? ? ?①If I were you ... = Were I you ... ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??如果我是你/我要是你......
?????? ②If it were not for ... = Were it not for ...???? ? ? ? ? ? ??如果要不是......
?????? ③If it had not been for ...=Had it not been?for ...??? 如果當(dāng)時(shí)要不是......
（③主句用：should?/?could?/?would?/?might?+ have done的形式互拾，ps.在此結(jié)構(gòu)中歪今，had為助動(dòng)詞。若為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞摩幔，則不能省略彤委、倒裝。）
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B.錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句
主句和從句不是一個(gè)時(shí)間平臺(tái)或衡，需要分別在三個(gè)時(shí)間平臺(tái)里“選形式”焦影。
從過完用had done，主過將用would do
從用should / were to封断，主過將完用would have done
eg:
①If the weather had been more favorable ,the crops would be growing still better.
如果天氣更好的話斯辰，莊稼就會(huì)長(zhǎng)得跟好些。（從句指過去坡疼，主句指現(xiàn)在）
②If I were you ,I would have taken his advice.
我要是你彬呻，我就采取了他的建議。（從句指現(xiàn)在柄瑰，主句指過去）
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C.含蓄虛擬條件句（if省略句）
有時(shí)假設(shè)的情況不以條件句的形式表現(xiàn)出了闸氮，而是通過一個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)或分詞或其他方式表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。當(dāng)虛擬條件句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞含有were / should / had時(shí)教沾，if可以省略蒲跨，這時(shí)條件從句要用倒裝語(yǔ)序，即把were, should, had等詞置于句首授翻，這種多用于書面語(yǔ)或悲。
(1)省略if
Step1:去掉if。
Step2:助系情提到主語(yǔ)之前堪唐。
??????Were I you, I would go.
??????Had I known about the party, I would have come.
??????Should I go abroad, I would buy you a gift.
注意：在虛擬主句中巡语，主語(yǔ)只有是第一人稱時(shí)，才能用should淮菠。
(2)根本沒有if
有些句子里男公，沒有if，但是有but for（若不是）/ without / under / otherwise / but / or / but that（若不是）等合陵，此時(shí)可把它們看做虛擬條件句理澎，然后根據(jù)時(shí)間平臺(tái)逞力，選擇主句的動(dòng)詞形式。
??Without your help, I wouldn’t have passed the exam.
= If you didn’t help me, I wouldn’t have passed the exam.
=But for your help, I would not have passed this exam.
? I don’t have your telephone number, otherwise?/?or I would have called you back.
= If I had your number, I would have called you back.
??What would you do with a million dollars?
=What would you do if you had a million dollars?
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D.wish,as if / though和if only用法
(1)wish用法如下：
1.表示與現(xiàn)在相反的愿望: 主語(yǔ)?+?wish?(that)...did (were)...
eg: I wish I were a bird.
2.表示與過去相反的愿望: 主語(yǔ)?+?wish?(that)...had done...
eg: I wish I had seen the film.
（注意：如果wish在表達(dá)對(duì)過去情況的虛擬而不是未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望時(shí)糠爬，有
時(shí)也可用:主語(yǔ)+wish(that)...would / could have done）
3.表示與將來(lái)相反的愿望: 主語(yǔ)?+?wish?(that)...?could / would / might?do
eg: I wish you would do that again.
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(2)由asif/though引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句
虛擬：同wish用法寇荧；be在第一，三人稱可用were / was执隧。
陳述：表示可能發(fā)生的幾率很大或被假設(shè)為真實(shí)的揩抡。
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(3)If only...引導(dǎo)的條件句
（常用感嘆的形式）表示強(qiáng)烈的不滿，遺憾或愿望镀琉，主句常省略峦嗤，意為：“要是/如果......該多好啊/就好了！”屋摔。（注意：“only if ...”意為：“只要......”烁设，位于句首時(shí)采用部分倒裝。）
eg:
①If only I could see him once more ! ??????????????我要是再見到他就好了钓试！
②If only we had telephoned him in advance ! ???????要是事先給他打個(gè)電話就好了装黑！
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E. Suppose / Supposing / providing / provided (that)... / what if...等某些特殊的連詞后引導(dǎo)的條件句中（有時(shí)無(wú)主句），表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)事實(shí)相反用did弓熏；表示與過去相反用had done恋谭。
eg:
①Suppose / Supposing (that) we told her the truth. ??假定我們把事情的真相告訴她。
②What if you came tomorrow instead of today. ?????如果我是你明天來(lái)而不是今天來(lái)呢挽鞠？
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F.would rather后的賓語(yǔ)從句：表示愿望或尚未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作疚颊。
had / would sooner / rather + that...從句中意為“寧愿”，用did（be動(dòng)詞用were）表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的虛擬信认；用had done表示對(duì)過去的虛擬材义。
eg:
①She will get home at dinner time, but I would rather she got home a little earlier.
②He got drunk last night. I’d rather he hadn’t drunk so much.
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五、名詞性從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣（should類虛擬語(yǔ)氣）
即主句含有：建議嫁赏、命令母截、請(qǐng)求、要求橄教、愿望、主張等意思時(shí)喘漏，后面的從句用(should)+V原/ should have done的形式护蝶。但注意，若從句中含有“竟然翩迈，驚訝持灰，詫異”之意時(shí)，“should”則不可以省负饲。
（常見簡(jiǎn)記：一堅(jiān)持堤魁，二命令喂链，三建議，四要求）其他同下述用法：urge / propose
insist
order / command
advise / suggest / recommend ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?+(that) sb. (should) do
ask / require / request / demand
eg:
①The teacher suggested that we (should) make good use of every minute.?
②He ordered that all the book (should) be sent at once.
③She insisted that she (should) go to the south for her holiday.
注意：
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六妥泉、副詞性從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
A.as if / though用法
雖同wish椭微，但也有一些區(qū)別，如下：
as if / though從句時(shí)態(tài)不受主句限制 盲链。
①在談?wù)摤F(xiàn)在情形時(shí)用一般過去時(shí)蝇率。
②在談?wù)撨^去情形時(shí)用：
Ⅰ.一般過去時(shí)：表示過去當(dāng)時(shí)存在的某種狀態(tài)，但若狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞后帶有持續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)刽沾，則要用過去完成時(shí)本慕。
eg:
①They talked as if they had been friends for years. ??他們談起話來(lái)，好像是多年的朋友侧漓。
②He looked at me as if I were mad. ???????????????他看著我锅尘，好像我瘋了似的。
Ⅱ.過去完成時(shí)： 表過去的動(dòng)作先于主句而發(fā)生布蔗，即使主句是現(xiàn)在時(shí)藤违，as if 從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也要用 had done。
eg: It seems as if it had gone bad.它聞起來(lái)好像壞了何鸡。
③在談?wù)搶?lái)情形時(shí)用： would (could/might)+do
B.in case / lest / for fear that表“以防纺弊，以免”等引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其后的形為：(should)+
V原 （但注意in case 句中的should通常不事饽小）淆游。若不用虛擬也可用陳述，即用： 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或過去時(shí)隔盛。
C.even if / though “即使/縱然/雖然”
虛擬：同if用法相同犹菱。（方法：主句含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過去式）
陳述：表示真實(shí)情況。
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七吮炕、形容詞性從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
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八腊脱、虛擬語(yǔ)氣固定句型
1. Would you mind+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)虛擬？ 您是否介意…?
2. would rather (that)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)虛擬 寧愿…
3. It is high time that sb. did?/?(should) do sth. ?????? 到某人做某事的時(shí)間
4. It is necessary?/?important?/?essential?/?strange?/?natural?/
advisable?/ surprising?that sb. (should) do sth.
5. It is a pity?/?duty?/?shame?/?regret that sb. (should) do sth.
6 But for?/?Without?+?sth.?+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)虛擬 ??????? 要不是…
7. If only+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)虛擬????????????????????? 要是…就好了龙亲！
8.主句+ as if?/?as though +主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)虛擬 ????? 就好像…
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九陕凹、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done
could / might have done ????????????? 本來(lái)能做卻沒做
should?/?ought to have done ????????? 本該做而實(shí)際上沒做（抱怨和責(zé)備）?
should not / ought?not to have done??? 本不該做而做了
needn’t have done ??????????????? 本不必做而做了
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十、虛擬語(yǔ)氣的其他用法
(1)表示過去本打算做而實(shí)際上沒有做鳄炉。
句型：had done (be / intend / think / mean / plan / hope etc) to do
?= V-ed + to have done ,would love / like to have done
(2)had hoped表過去未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望杜耙，譯為“要想，希望…”拂盯，從句謂語(yǔ)常用“would +V原”佑女。
eg:He had hoped that the family would come before his granny came.———2013年湖北高考
(3)may(might) as well + V原 ，譯為“不妨，倒不如”团驱，表示勸說(shuō)摸吠、建議、勸告嚎花。
若其后帶有某種消極情緒時(shí)寸痢，常用：might.
[if !supportLists](4)?[endif]表示祝愿、命令的簡(jiǎn)單句中贩幻。常用“may +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形”轿腺。
eg:
①Long may you live.
②May you have a good journey!
(5)表示對(duì)過去事情的懊悔時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用“should + have + 過去分詞”丛楚。
eg: You should have returned the money to Mary.
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十一族壳、虛擬語(yǔ)氣解題常用技巧
1.找固定句型。
2.主過將從過趣些；主過將完從過完仿荆。
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十二、虛擬用法形式總結(jié)
含三種：
①所有含if的從句（除what if…外）坏平。
②wish從句拢操。
含兩種：
①某些特殊連詞后的條件句。
②what if…從句舶替。
③would rather從句令境。
④定從中的虛擬。
含一種：
①含蓄虛擬語(yǔ)氣（情+have done / do）顾瞪。
②名詞性從句（除wish外）與表“以防”意義的條件句中的虛擬一樣(should+V原)舔庶。
