1. introduction
(1)what makes good writing
communicates an idea clearly and effectively
elegant and stylish(takes time, revision, and a good editor)初稿時別擔(dān)心
（2）what makes a good writer?
have something to say
logical thinking
a few simple, learnable rules of style
some tips:
read, pay attention, and imitate
write in a journal
let go of "academic" writing habits
talk about your research before trying to write about it
write to engage your readers—try not to bore them
stop waiting for "inspiration"
accept that writing is hard for everyone
revise
learn how to cut ruthlessly
find a good editor
take risks
2.examples of what not to do
complex ideas don't require complex language
scientific writing should be easy and even enjoyable to read
(1)spunky verbs become clunky nouns(不要把動詞變成奇奇怪怪的名詞,會讓句子變得十分難以讀懂)
(2)含糊不清的空泛的詞（不夠specific 不能帶來些具體的信息）
(3)不必要的術(shù)語和縮寫（除非大家都知道的縮寫）
（4）被動語態(tài)很難懂
（5）主語和謂語距離太遠
3.overview: priciples of effective writing
（1）cut unnecessary words and phrases; learn to part with your words
(2)use the active voice (subject+verb+object)
(3)write with verbs:use strong verbs, avoid turning verbs into nouns, and don't bury the main verb
4.cut the clutter
cut unnecessary words
(1)be vigilant and ruthless
(2)try the sentence without the extra words and see how it's better—conveys the same idea with more power(覺得不可的話有撤銷鍵在手)
(3)common clutter:
dead weight words and phrases
as it is well known
as it has been shown
it can be regarded that
it should be emphasized that
empty words and phrases
basic tenets of
methodologic
important
long words or phrases that could be short
muscular and cardiorespiratory performance----fitness
a majority of----most
a number of ----many
are of the same opinion----agree
less frequently occurring----rare
all three of the----the three
give rise to----cause
due to the fact that----because
have an effect on----affect
based on the assumption that----if
unnecessary jargon(行話) and acronyms(縮寫詞)
muscular and cardiorespiratory performance
gliomagenesis
miR
repetitive words or phrases
studies/examples
illustrate/demonstrate
challenges/difficulties
successful solutions
adverbs
very, really, quite, basically, generally, etc.
