數據驅動測試
數據驅動測試的核心是：測試數據與測試腳本分離，實現測試腳本參數化牍蜂，提高測試腳本的可重用性钳降。在自動化功能測試中如果靈活使用數據源與測試腳本厚宰，便能輕松創(chuàng)建與運行成百上千個測試用例。自動化測試框架必須要有與電子表格遂填、文本文件铲觉、數據庫集成的能力。
TestNG
TestNG是受JUnit和NUnit測試框架的啟發(fā)而設計的吓坚，但引其中入一些新的功能撵幽，使它更強大和更容易使用。(JUnit和NUnit我沒用過礁击，不做評價)
Apache POI
Apache POI項目的使命是開發(fā)和維護各種基于Office Open XML 標準(OOXML)和微軟文檔格式的Java api并齐，使用Apache POI，可以方便讀寫微軟EXCEL客税、word况褪、ppt等文檔。
怎么做：
第一步：工具準備
第一步：創(chuàng)建一個登錄接口測試用例
第二步：用Excel創(chuàng)建測試數據
第三步：使用Apache POI打開與讀取Excel數據
第四步：創(chuàng)建TestNg測試用例并使用Data Provider從Excel讀取數據
第五步：根據測試用例名稱運行測試
第一步：工具準備
1.OS：win10 家庭中文版
2.JDK:jdk-8u66-windows-x64.exe
3.Eclipse:eclipse-inst-win64.exe
4.TestNG插件
5.HttpClient:httpcomponents-client-4.5.2-bin.zip
6.Apache POI:poi-bin-3.14.zip
第一步：創(chuàng)建一個查詢接口測試用例
1.創(chuàng)建一個TestNG類：DataProviderTest
2.引用注釋Dataprovider,這個方法會返回對象數組
3.準備兩條數據更耻，一條url测垛，一條POST的json參數
4.在@Test下寫一個查詢測試用例
package testData;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.json.JSONException;
import org.json.JSONObject;
import org.testng.annotations.DataProvider;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
public class DataProviderTest {
@DataProvider(name="Authentication")
public static Object[][] credentials(){
String p1="http://192.168.1.55:8182/ebe/api/query_server/v1/query";
String pd="{'sqlText':'select * from ts','pageSize':'100','pageNum':'1'}";
return new Object[][] {{p1,pd}};
}
@Test(dataProvider="Authentication")
public void QuickStart(String p1,String pd) throws Exception {
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
try {
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(p1);
JSONObject jsonParam=new JSONObject(pd);
StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(jsonParam.toString(),"utf-8");
entity.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");
entity.setContentType("application/json");
httpPost.setEntity(entity);
CloseableHttpResponse response2 = httpclient.execute(httpPost);
try {
System.out.println(response2.getStatusLine());
HttpEntity entity2 = response2.getEntity();
System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity2));
// do something useful with the response body
// and ensure it is fully consumed
EntityUtils.consume(entity2);
} finally {
response2.close();
}
} finally {
httpclient.close();
}
}
}
第三步：用Excel創(chuàng)建測試數據
1.在該項目下新建一個testdata.xlxs文件，并寫入內容
測試數據.png
第四步：使用Apache POI打開與讀取Excel數據
1.我們需要從Excel中讀取測試數據秧均，所以這里就是用Apache POI對Excel進行操作食侮。
package testData;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFCell;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFRow;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFSheet;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFWorkbook;
public class ExcelUtils {
private static XSSFSheet ExcelWSheet;
private static XSSFWorkbook ExcelWBook;
private static XSSFCell Cell;
private static XSSFRow Row;
public static Object[][] getTableArray(String FilePath, String SheetName) throws Exception {
String[][] tabArray = null;
try {
FileInputStream ExcelFile = new FileInputStream(FilePath);
// Access the required test data sheet
ExcelWBook = new XSSFWorkbook(ExcelFile);
ExcelWSheet = ExcelWBook.getSheet(SheetName);
int startRow = 1;
int startCol = 1;
int ci,cj;
int totalRows = ExcelWSheet.getLastRowNum();
System.out.println(totalRows);
// you can write a function as well to get Column count
int totalCols = 2;
System.out.println(totalCols);
tabArray=new String[totalRows][totalCols];
ci=0;
for (int i=startRow;i<=totalRows;i++, ci++) {
cj=0;
for (int j=startCol;j<=totalCols;j++, cj++){
tabArray[ci][cj]=getCellData(i,j);
System.out.println(tabArray[ci][cj]);
}
}
}
catch (FileNotFoundException e){
System.out.println("Could not read the Excel sheet");
e.printStackTrace();
}
catch (IOException e){
System.out.println("Could not read the Excel sheet");
e.printStackTrace();
}
return(tabArray);
}
public static String getCellData(int RowNum, int ColNum) throws Exception {
try{
Cell = ExcelWSheet.getRow(RowNum).getCell(ColNum);
int dataType = Cell.getCellType();
if (dataType == 3) {
return "";
}
else{
String CellData = Cell.getStringCellValue();
return CellData;
}
}
catch (Exception e){
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
throw (e);
}
}
}
第五步：創(chuàng)建TestNg測試用例并使用Data Provider從Excel讀取數據
1.創(chuàng)建TestNG類：DataProviderWithExcel,從excel中導入數據，并執(zhí)行query操作
package testData;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.json.JSONObject;
import org.testng.annotations.DataProvider;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
public class DataProviderWithExcel {
@DataProvider
public Object[][] Authentication() throws Exception{
Object[][] testObjArray=ExcelUtils.getTableArray("F://Users//Tangxi//workspace//apiTest//src//testData//testData.xlsx", "Sheet1");
return (testObjArray);
}
@Test(dataProvider="Authentication")
public void QuickStart(String p1,String pd) throws Exception {
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
try {
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(p1);
JSONObject jsonParam=new JSONObject(pd);
StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(jsonParam.toString(),"utf-8");
entity.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");
entity.setContentType("application/json");
httpPost.setEntity(entity);
CloseableHttpResponse response2 = httpclient.execute(httpPost);
try {
System.out.println(response2.getStatusLine());
HttpEntity entity2 = response2.getEntity();
System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity2));
// do something useful with the response body
// and ensure it is fully consumed
EntityUtils.consume(entity2);
} finally {
response2.close();
}
} finally {
httpclient.close();
}
}
}
第六步：根據測試用例名稱運行測試
package testData;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFCell;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFRow;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFSheet;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFWorkbook;
public class ExcelUtils2 {
private static XSSFSheet ExcelWSheet;
private static XSSFWorkbook ExcelWBook;
private static XSSFCell Cell;
private static XSSFRow Row;
//This method is to set the File path and to open the Excel file, Pass Excel Path and Sheetname as Arguments to this method
public static void setExcelFile(String Path,String SheetName) throws Exception {
try {
// Open the Excel file
FileInputStream ExcelFile = new FileInputStream(Path);
// Access the required test data sheet
ExcelWBook = new XSSFWorkbook(ExcelFile);
ExcelWSheet = ExcelWBook.getSheet(SheetName);
} catch (Exception e){
throw (e);
}
}
public static Object[][] getTableArray(String FilePath, String SheetName, int iTestCaseRow) throws Exception
{
String[][] tabArray = null;
try{
FileInputStream ExcelFile = new FileInputStream(FilePath);
// Access the required test data sheet
ExcelWBook = new XSSFWorkbook(ExcelFile);
ExcelWSheet = ExcelWBook.getSheet(SheetName);
int startCol = 1;
int ci=0,cj=0;
int totalRows = 1;
int totalCols = 2;
tabArray=new String[totalRows][totalCols];
for (int j=startCol;j<=totalCols;j++, cj++)
{
tabArray[ci][cj]=getCellData(iTestCaseRow,j);
System.out.println(tabArray[ci][cj]);
}
}
catch (FileNotFoundException e)
{
System.out.println("Could not read the Excel sheet");
e.printStackTrace();
}
catch (IOException e)
{
System.out.println("Could not read the Excel sheet");
e.printStackTrace();
}
return(tabArray);
}
//This method is to read the test data from the Excel cell, in this we are passing parameters as Row num and Col num
public static String getCellData(int RowNum, int ColNum) throws Exception{
try{
Cell = ExcelWSheet.getRow(RowNum).getCell(ColNum);
String CellData = Cell.getStringCellValue();
return CellData;
}catch (Exception e){
return"";
}
}
public static String getTestCaseName(String sTestCase)throws Exception{
String value = sTestCase;
try{
int posi = value.indexOf("@");
value = value.substring(0, posi);
posi = value.lastIndexOf(".");
value = value.substring(posi + 1);
System.out.println(value);
return value;
}catch (Exception e){
throw (e);
}
}
public static int getRowContains(String sTestCaseName, int colNum) throws Exception{
int i;
try {
int rowCount = ExcelUtils2.getRowUsed();
for ( i=0 ; i<rowCount; i++){
if (ExcelUtils2.getCellData(i,colNum).equalsIgnoreCase(sTestCaseName)){
break;
}
}
return i;
}catch (Exception e){
throw(e);
}
}
public static int getRowUsed() throws Exception {
try{
int RowCount = ExcelWSheet.getLastRowNum();
return RowCount;
}catch (Exception e){
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
throw (e);
}
}
}
最后的測試用例
1.獲取測試用例名稱
2.根據測試用例名稱獲取對應的行號
3.從對應的行中獲取測試數據
package testData;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeMethod;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.json.JSONObject;
import org.testng.annotations.AfterMethod;
import org.testng.annotations.DataProvider;
import testData.ExcelUtils2;
public class DataProviderWithExcel_002 {
private String sTestCaseName;
private int iTestCaseRow;
@Test(dataProvider = "Authentication")
public void QuickStart(String p1,String pd) throws Exception {
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
try {
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(p1);
JSONObject jsonParam=new JSONObject(pd);
StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(jsonParam.toString(),"utf-8");
entity.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");
entity.setContentType("application/json");
httpPost.setEntity(entity);
CloseableHttpResponse response2 = httpclient.execute(httpPost);
try {
System.out.println(response2.getStatusLine());
HttpEntity entity2 = response2.getEntity();
System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity2));
// do something useful with the response body
// and ensure it is fully consumed
EntityUtils.consume(entity2);
} finally {
response2.close();
}
} finally {
httpclient.close();
}
}
@DataProvider
public Object[][] Authentication() throws Exception{
// Setting up the Test Data Excel file
ExcelUtils2.setExcelFile("F://Users//Tangxi//workspace//apiTest//src//testData//testData.xlsx","Sheet1");
sTestCaseName = this.toString();
// From above method we get long test case name including package and class name etc.
// The below method will refine your test case name, exactly the name use have used
sTestCaseName = ExcelUtils2.getTestCaseName(this.toString());
System.out.println(sTestCaseName);
// Fetching the Test Case row number from the Test Data Sheet
// Getting the Test Case name to get the TestCase row from the Test Data Excel sheet
iTestCaseRow = ExcelUtils2.getRowContains(sTestCaseName,0);
System.out.println(iTestCaseRow);
Object[][] testObjArray = ExcelUtils2.getTableArray("F://Users//Tangxi//workspace//apiTest//src//testData//testData.xlsx","Sheet1",iTestCaseRow);
return (testObjArray);
}
}
