SpringDataJPA
Spring Data JPA 讓我們解脫了DAO層的操作服协,基本上所有CRUD都可以依賴于它來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn),在實(shí)際的工作工程中公你,推薦使用Spring Data JPA + ORM(如:hibernate)完成操作,這樣在切換不同的ORM框架時(shí)提供了極大的方便膀值,同時(shí)也使數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)層操作更加簡(jiǎn)單钠右,方便解耦
一答毫、工程搭建
1). maven坐標(biāo)
<properties>
<spring.version>4.2.4.RELEASE</spring.version>
<hibernate.version>5.0.7.Final</hibernate.version>
<slf4j.version>1.6.6</slf4j.version>
<log4j.version>1.2.12</log4j.version>
<c3p0.version>0.9.1.2</c3p0.version>
<mysql.version>5.1.6</mysql.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!-- junit單元測(cè)試 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.9</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- spring beg -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
<version>1.6.8</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- spring 對(duì)orm 的支持 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- spring end -->
<!-- hibernate beg -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
<version>5.2.1.Final</version>
</dependency>
<!-- hibernate end -->
<!-- c3p0 beg -->
<dependency>
<groupId>c3p0</groupId>
<artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
<version>${c3p0.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- c3p0 end -->
<!-- log end -->
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>${log4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- log end -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>${mysql.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- spring 對(duì) jpa 的支持 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>
<version>1.9.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- el beg 使用spring data jpa 必須引入 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.el</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.el-api</artifactId>
<version>2.2.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.glassfish.web</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.el</artifactId>
<version>2.2.4</version>
</dependency>
<!-- el end -->
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.7.0</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
2). spring容器整合SpringDataJPA配置
根據(jù)項(xiàng)目需求修改
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa" xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa
http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa.xsd">
<!-- 1.dataSource 配置數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接池; -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jpa" />
<property name="user" value="root" />
<property name="password" value="abc123" />
</bean>
<!-- 2.配置entityManagerFactory 工廠 -->
<bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
<!-- 【配置實(shí)體類的包掃描路徑仪搔!每個(gè)實(shí)體類對(duì)應(yīng)一張表屠升,靠注解綁定關(guān)系】 -->
<property name="packagesToScan" value="com.lingting.entity" />
<property name="persistenceProvider">
<!-- 持久化方案提供商嫩码,這里選擇Hibernate -->
<bean class="org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider" />
</property>
<!--JPA的供應(yīng)商適配器誉尖,Spring提供的!-->
<property name="jpaVendorAdapter">
<bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter">
<!-- 關(guān)閉自動(dòng)生成表的功能【雞肋铸题!】 -->
<property name="generateDdl" value="false" />
<!-- 枚舉類型的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)類型 -->
<property name="database" value="MYSQL" />
<!-- 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)“方言”配置 -->
<property name="databasePlatform" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect" />
<!-- 控制臺(tái)顯示執(zhí)行的sql語(yǔ)句 -->
<property name="showSql" value="true" />
</bean>
</property>
<!-- jpa “方言”:不同提供商實(shí)現(xiàn)的高級(jí)特性释牺,可選 -->
<property name="jpaDialect">
<bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaDialect" />
</property>
<!-- 【方便演示,實(shí)際中不要配置】雞肋配置回挽!注入jpa的配置信息
加載jpa的基本信息和jpa實(shí)現(xiàn)方式(hibernate)的配置信息
hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto:是否自動(dòng)創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)表
<property name="jpaProperties">
<props>
<prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">none</prop>
</props>
</property>
-->
</bean>
<!-- 整合spring data jpa没咙;動(dòng)態(tài)代理、切面掃描的包路徑千劈,dao層的接口寫在此中-->
<jpa:repositories base-package="com.lingting.dao"
transaction-manager-ref="transactionManager"
entity-manager-factory-ref="entityManagerFactory"/>
<!-- 3.事務(wù)管理器-->
<!-- JPA事務(wù)管理器: 底層估計(jì)使用的本地線程 -->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
<property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory" />
</bean>
<!-- 聲明式事務(wù)控制 -->
<!-- 4.txAdvice 切面 -->
<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
<tx:attributes>
<tx:method name="save*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
<tx:method name="insert*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
<tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
<tx:method name="delete*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
<tx:method name="get*" read-only="true"/>
<tx:method name="find*" read-only="true"/>
<tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>
<!-- 5.aop 切面表達(dá)式-->
<aop:config>
<aop:pointcut id="pointcut" expression="execution(* com.lingting.service.*.*(..))" />
<aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="pointcut" />
</aop:config>
<!-- 其他注解掃描配置 spring 相關(guān) -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.lingting"/>
</beans>
二祭刚、實(shí)體類與表之間的映射關(guān)系配置
以下配置省略get/set/toString方法,
1). 一對(duì)多的關(guān)系
- Customer表墙牌,主表涡驮, 一的關(guān)系
在從表中維護(hù)外鍵信息,主表中參照從表對(duì)應(yīng)的屬性即可喜滨!
import javax.persistence.*;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
@Entity // 實(shí)體類
@Table(name = "cst_customer") // 對(duì)應(yīng)的表關(guān)系
public class Customer implements Serializable {
@Id // 主鍵
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) // 主鍵生成策略
@Column(name = "cust_id") // 主鍵字段名
private Long custId; // 客戶主鍵 屬性對(duì)應(yīng)主鍵字段
@Column(name = "cust_name")
private String custName;//客戶名稱
/** 配置客戶和聯(lián)系人之間的關(guān)系:客戶 一對(duì)多 聯(lián)系人
【實(shí)際生產(chǎn)中建議不要使用外鍵捉捅,使用外鍵的分布式方案下的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)集群性能是非常糟糕的!】
@OneToMany 配置一對(duì)多關(guān)系虽风,參數(shù)為有關(guān)系的實(shí)體類的字節(jié)碼對(duì)象
一般主表上【放棄對(duì)外鍵的維護(hù)】棒口,外鍵的維護(hù)交給從表即可
mappedBy 表示參照從表中的 customer 屬性來(lái)配置,也就是說(shuō)從表中必須有 customer屬性辜膝!
cascade 級(jí)聯(lián)操作无牵,主表的增刪改同時(shí)影響從表記錄的增刪改!枚舉值如下
CascadeType.ALL : 所有
CascadeType.MERGE : 更新
CascadeType.PERSIST: 保存
CascadeType.REMOVE : 刪除
fetch: 配置關(guān)聯(lián)對(duì)象的加載方式
EAGER : 立即加載【從多的一方查一的一方為默認(rèn)】
LAZY : 懶加載【從一的一方查多的一方為默認(rèn)】
*/
@OneToMany(mappedBy = "customer", cascade = CascadeType.ALL, fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
private Set<LinkMan> linkMans = new HashSet<>();
/** 其他字段和get/set/toString略 */
- LinkMan表厂抖,從表茎毁, 多的關(guān)系
不需要額外設(shè)置外鍵屬性字段!忱辅,在配置相互關(guān)系中使用注解配置即可七蜘!
import javax.persistence.*;
import java.io.Serializable;
@Entity
@Table(name="cst_linkman")
public class LinkMan implements Serializable {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
@Column(name="lkm_id")
private Long lkmId;
@Column(name="lkm_name")
private String lkmName;
/** 配置聯(lián)系人到客戶的多對(duì)一關(guān)系
@ManyToOne 配置多對(duì)一
@JoinColumn 【配置外鍵信息】谭溉,指向主表的主鍵
*/
@ManyToOne(targetEntity = Customer.class)
@JoinColumn(name = "lkm_cust_id", referencedColumnName = "cust_id")
private Customer customer;
/** 其他字段和get/set/toString略,其他字段不需要外鍵屬性 */
2). 多對(duì)多的關(guān)系
用戶選擇角色橡卤,所以邏輯上主動(dòng)權(quán)在User實(shí)體類上
- User表夜只,主動(dòng)的一方
擁有維護(hù)主鍵的權(quán)限,不要同時(shí)將被動(dòng)的一方有維護(hù)權(quán)限蒜魄,容易出錯(cuò)扔亥!
import javax.persistence.*;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
@Entity
@Table(name = "sys_user")
public class User implements Serializable {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
@Column(name = "user_id")
private Long userId;
@Column(name = "user_name")
private String userName;
@Column(name = "user_age")
private Integer age;
/** 多對(duì)多的關(guān)系
被動(dòng)的一方放棄維護(hù)外鍵的權(quán)限,也就是Role實(shí)體類中放棄
fetch: 配置關(guān)聯(lián)對(duì)象的加載方式
EAGER : 立即加載
LAZY : 懶加載【默認(rèn)】
*/
@ManyToMany(targetEntity = Role.class,cascade = CascadeType.ALL, fetch = FetchType.LAZY) // 多對(duì)多關(guān)系谈为,需要對(duì)方實(shí)體類字節(jié)碼
@JoinTable(name = "sys_user_role", // 中間表名稱
// joinColumns: 當(dāng)前對(duì)象在中間表的外鍵旅挤,以及外鍵指向的當(dāng)前對(duì)象的主鍵
joinColumns = {@JoinColumn(name = "sys_user_id", referencedColumnName = "user_id")},
// 對(duì)方對(duì)象在中間表的外鍵,以及外鍵指向的對(duì)方對(duì)象的主鍵
inverseJoinColumns = {@JoinColumn(name = "sys_role_id", referencedColumnName = "role_id")}
)
private Set<Role> roles = new HashSet<>();
/** 其他字段和get/set/toString略 */
- Role表伞鲫,被動(dòng)的一方
import javax.persistence.*;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
@Entity
@Table(name = "sys_role")
public class Role implements Serializable {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
@Column(name = "role_id")
private Long roleId;
@Column(name = "role_name")
private String roleName;
/**
配置多對(duì)多粘茄,但是放棄外鍵維護(hù)的權(quán)限
*/
@ManyToMany(mappedBy = "roles")
private Set<User> users = new HashSet<>();
/** 其他字段和get/set/toString略 */
三、動(dòng)態(tài)代理dao層接口配置
1). CustomerDao
import com.lingting.entity.Customer;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaSpecificationExecutor;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Modifying;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Query;
import java.util.List;
/** 集成了如下接口的接口就符合 SpringDataJPA 規(guī)范【只是spring設(shè)計(jì)的規(guī)范】
* JpaRepository<T, ID> 簡(jiǎn)單查詢
* JpaSpecificationExecutor<T> 高級(jí)查詢
* T 泛型為 pojo實(shí)體類
* ID 為pojo中主鍵字段的數(shù)據(jù)類型
* 底層估計(jì)是用【動(dòng)態(tài)代理】實(shí)現(xiàn)的動(dòng)態(tài)代理類秕脓!
*/
public interface CustomerDao extends JpaRepository<Customer, Long>, JpaSpecificationExecutor<Customer> {
/** 后面介紹的一些與Customer實(shí)體類相關(guān)的接口抽象方法寫在此柒瓣! */
}
2). 其他dao
...
public interface LinkManDao extends JpaRepository<LinkMan, Long>, JpaSpecificationExecutor<LinkMan> { }
public interface RoleDao extends JpaRepository<Role, Long>, JpaSpecificationExecutor<Role> { }
public interface UserDao extends JpaRepository<User, Long>, JpaSpecificationExecutor<User> { }
四、單表操作
測(cè)試類模板
import com.lingting.entity.Customer;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;
import org.springframework.data.domain.PageRequest;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Sort;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.domain.Specification;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import javax.persistence.criteria.*;
import java.util.List;
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:applicationContext.xml")
public class JpaSpecificationExecutorTest {
@Autowired
private CustomerDao customerDao;
@Autowired
private LinkManDao linkManDao;
@Autowired
private UserDao userDao;
@Autowired
private RoleDao roleDao;
/** 下方的測(cè)試方法寫在此 */
}
1). 使用JpaRepository接口中提供的原生抽象方法
/** ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ JpaRepository接口中的原生方法 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ */
/**
* 立即查詢:根據(jù)id進(jìn)行查詢
* 立即加載 em.find()
*/
@Test
public void findOne() {
Customer one = customerDao.findOne(5L);
System.out.println(one);
}
/**
* 根據(jù)id查詢
* 懶加載:由于設(shè)計(jì)上的原因吠架,需要加上 事務(wù)注解芙贫,否則會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò)
* em.getReference()
*/
@Test
@Transactional
public void getOne() {
Customer one = customerDao.getOne(4L);
System.out.println(one);
}
/**
* 查詢所有; jdk8+
*/
@Test
public void findAll() {
List<Customer> all = customerDao.findAll();
all.forEach(System.out::println);
}
/**
* save:
* 新增:id為null
* 跟新:id不為null
* 跟新的步驟:必須先查詢,然后跟新傍药!否則null會(huì)覆蓋原有值磺平!
*/
@Test
public void save() {
Customer c = new Customer();
c.setCustName("紅岸工程");
c.setCustIndustry("外星生命探索");
customerDao.save(c);
// 根據(jù)id 查詢,然后跟新
Customer one = customerDao.findOne(6L);
one.setCustIndustry("外星生命探索");
customerDao.save(one);
}
/**
* 刪除
*/
@Test
public void delete() {
customerDao.delete(6L);
}
/**
* 聚合查詢
*/
@Test
public void aggregation() {
long count = customerDao.count();
System.out.println(count);
}
/**
* 根據(jù)id判斷對(duì)象是否存在
*/
@Test
public void exists() {
boolean exists = customerDao.exists(3L);
System.out.println(exists);
}
2). 使用jpql方式拐辽,在接口中添加自定義抽象方法
- CustomerDao接口中的抽象方法
/** ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* jpql 根據(jù)客戶名進(jìn)行查詢
* ?占位符后面的索引代表簽名的索引拣挪,從1開始!
*/
@Query(value = "from Customer where custName = ?1 and custIndustry = ?2")
public List<Customer> findByCustName(String custName, String custIndustry);
/**
* 根據(jù)id跟新客戶名
* @Query: 這里用于存放 jpql語(yǔ)句【設(shè)計(jì)的真不行俱诸,一個(gè)跟新語(yǔ)句為何要用Query注解菠劝?】
* @Modifying: 指定為跟新操作
*/
@Query("update Customer set custName = ?2 where custId = ?1")
@Modifying
public void updateCustomer(long custId, String custName);
- 測(cè)試類中的方法
/** ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ jpql,在接口中添加抽象方法 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ */
@Test
public void findByCustName() {
List<Customer> list = customerDao.findByCustName("紅岸工程", "外星生命探索");
list.forEach(System.out::println);
}
/** jpql 的跟新/刪除操作
* @Transactional: 需要手動(dòng)添加事務(wù)
* @Rollback(value=false): Junit默認(rèn)回滾事務(wù)睁搭,需要修改【Junit中需要赶诊,service層中是不需要的!】
*/
@Test
@Transactional
@Rollback(value = false)
public void updateCustomer() {
customerDao.updateCustomer(4L, "星環(huán)城");
}
3). 使用徹底的方法名稱進(jìn)行查詢
jpql更加深入的封裝,直接解析方法名介袜,需要在dao中進(jìn)行定義甫何,以便動(dòng)態(tài)代理進(jìn)行增強(qiáng)
- CustomerDao接口中的抽象方法
/** ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* 方法名稱規(guī)則查詢【沒(méi)得注解出吹,對(duì)jpql更加深入的封裝】
* 注意參數(shù)的個(gè)數(shù)和位置要對(duì)應(yīng)遇伞!
* 只需要定義SpringDataJPA方法命名的規(guī)則進(jìn)行命名方法名,就可以進(jìn)行指定查詢捶牢!
* 如下幾種方式:【可組合: findBy+屬性名+查詢方式+And+屬性名...】
* findByAttribute
* findByAttr1AndAttr2...
* findByAttributeLike
* findByAttributeIsNull
* findByLastnameOrFirstname
* ...
*/
public List<Customer> findByCustNameAndCustIndustry(String custName, String custIndustry);
public List<Customer> findByCustNameLike(String custName);
public List<Customer> findByCustNameStartingWith(String custName);
- 測(cè)試類中的方法
/** ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 方法名稱規(guī)范查詢 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ */
@Test
public void findByCustNameAndCustIndustry() {
List<Customer> list = customerDao.findByCustNameAndCustIndustry("紅岸工程", "外星生命探索");
list.forEach(System.out::println);
}
@Test
public void findByCustNameLike() {
List<Customer> byCustNameLike = customerDao.findByCustNameLike("星%");
byCustNameLike.forEach(System.out::println);
}
@Test
public void findByCustNameStartingWith() {
List<Customer> list = customerDao.findByCustNameStartingWith("新");
list.forEach(System.out::println);
}
- 方法名稱轉(zhuǎn)換對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系
Keyword | Sample | JPQL |
---|---|---|
And | findByLastnameAndFirstname | … where x.lastname = ?1 and x.firstname = ?2 |
Or | findByLastnameOrFirstname | … where x.lastname = ?1 or x.firstname = ?2 |
Is,Equals | findByFirstnameIs,findByFirstnameEquals | … where x.firstname = ?1 |
Between | findByStartDateBetween | … where x.startDate between ?1 and ?2 |
LessThan | findByAgeLessThan | … where x.age < ?1 |
LessThanEqual | findByAgeLessThanEqual | … where x.age <= ?1 |
GreaterThan | findByAgeGreaterThan | … where x.age > ?1 |
GreaterThanEqual | findByAgeGreaterThanEqual | … where x.age >= ?1 |
After | findByStartDateAfter | … where x.startDate > ?1 |
Before | findByStartDateBefore | … where x.startDate < ?1 |
IsNull | findByAgeIsNull | … where x.age is null |
IsNotNull,NotNull | findByAge(Is)NotNull | … where x.age not null |
Like | findByFirstnameLike | … where x.firstname like ?1 |
NotLike | findByFirstnameNotLike | … where x.firstname not like ?1 |
StartingWith | findByFirstnameStartingWith | … where x.firstname like ?1 (parameter bound with appended %) |
EndingWith | findByFirstnameEndingWith | … where x.firstname like ?1 (parameter bound with prepended %) |
Containing | findByFirstnameContaining | … where x.firstname like ?1 (parameter bound wrapped in %) |
OrderBy | findByAgeOrderByLastnameDesc | … where x.age = ?1 order by x.lastname desc |
Not | findByLastnameNot | … where x.lastname <> ?1 |
In | findByAgeIn(Collection ages) | … where x.age in ?1 |
NotIn | findByAgeNotIn(Collection age) | … where x.age not in ?1 |
TRUE | findByActiveTrue() | … where x.active = true |
FALSE | findByActiveFalse() | … where x.active = false |
IgnoreCase | findByFirstnameIgnoreCase | … where UPPER(x.firstame) = UPPER(?1) |
4). 使用JpaSpecificationExecutor接口中提供的原生抽象方法
組合查詢鸠珠、排序巍耗、分頁(yè)綜合查詢?nèi)缦?/p>
/**
* 自定義查詢條件
* 實(shí)現(xiàn) Specification接口,提供查詢對(duì)象的泛型
* 實(shí)現(xiàn)toPredicate方法渐排,構(gòu)造查詢條件
* 使用方法中的兩個(gè)參數(shù)即可【還有一個(gè)為頂層查詢條件炬太,幾乎不會(huì)使用】
* Root: 獲取需要查詢的對(duì)象屬性
* CriteriaBuilder: 構(gòu)造查詢條件,內(nèi)部封裝了很多查詢條件(模糊匹配驯耻,精準(zhǔn)匹配)
*/
@Test
public void dynamicQuery() {
Specification<Customer> spec = new Specification<Customer>() {
@Override
public Predicate toPredicate(Root<Customer> root, CriteriaQuery<?> query, CriteriaBuilder cb) {
// 案例:
// 1.獲取被比較的屬性
Path<Object> custName = root.get("custName");
Path<Object> custIndustry = root.get("custIndustry");
Path<Object> custLevel = root.get("custLevel");
// 2.構(gòu)造查詢條件:參數(shù):被比較的對(duì)象亲族、比較的值
// equal
Predicate p1 = cb.equal(custName, "星環(huán)城");
// 其他方式
Predicate p2 = cb.like(custIndustry.as(String.class), "太空%");
// gt 大于; ge 大于等于 lt/le
Predicate p3 = cb.gt(custLevel.as(int.class), 1);
// 邏輯組合關(guān)系,可變長(zhǎng)參數(shù)可缚!
Predicate p4 = cb.or(p2, p3);
Predicate p5 = cb.and(p1, p4);
return p5;
}
};
// 當(dāng)返回值之后一個(gè)時(shí)霎迫,可使用:
// Customer c = customerDao.findOne(spec);
List<Customer> list1 = customerDao.findAll(spec);
// 排序,第一個(gè)參數(shù)為排序方式(枚舉)帘靡;第二個(gè)為需要排序的字段
Sort sort = new Sort(Sort.Direction.DESC, "custId");
List<Customer> list2 = customerDao.findAll(spec, sort);
// 分頁(yè)查詢, 參數(shù)1:查詢的頁(yè)數(shù)知给,參數(shù)2:每頁(yè)的條數(shù)
Pageable pageable = new PageRequest(2 - 1, 2);
Page<Customer> page = customerDao.findAll(spec, pageable);
List<Customer> content = page.getContent();
long totalElements = page.getTotalElements();
int totalPages = page.getTotalPages();
content.forEach(System.out::println);
System.out.println(totalElements);
System.out.println(totalPages);
}
CriteriaBuilder對(duì)象方法對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系表
方法名稱 | Sql對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系 |
---|---|
equle | filed = value |
gt(greaterThan ) | filed > value |
lt(lessThan ) | filed < value |
ge(greaterThanOrEqualTo ) | filed >= value |
le( lessThanOrEqualTo) | filed <= value |
notEqule | filed != value |
like | filed like value |
notLike | filed not like value |
5). 【了解】使用原生sql查詢,在dao中進(jìn)行定義
- dao
/** ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* 使用原生sql查詢;【了解】
* 將@Query注解的nativeQuery參數(shù)設(shè)置為true
* 返回值很奇怪描姚,將每條記錄的字段放入一個(gè)Object[] 中涩赢!
* 還得自己封裝成pojo,多麻煩轩勘!
*/
@Query(value = "select * from cst_customer where cust_name like ?1", nativeQuery = true)
public List<Object[]> findAllByNative(String custName);
- 測(cè)試
/** ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 【了解】原生sql查詢 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ */
/**
* 使用原生的sql語(yǔ)句進(jìn)行查詢【了解】
*/
@Test
public void findAllByNative() {
List<Object[]> list = customerDao.findAllByNative("星%");
for (Object[] objects : list) {
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(objects));
}
}
五筒扒、多表測(cè)試
多表主要是配置,見(jiàn)上面的實(shí)體類配置绊寻;
1). 級(jí)聯(lián)測(cè)試
注意:在實(shí)際開發(fā)中霎肯,級(jí)聯(lián)刪除請(qǐng)慎用!(在一對(duì)多的情況下)
/** 一對(duì)多
* 保存一個(gè)客戶榛斯,一個(gè)聯(lián)系人
*/
@Test
@Transactional
@Rollback(value = false)
public void addOne() {
Customer customer = new Customer();
customer.setCustName("華為");
LinkMan linkMan = new LinkMan();
linkMan.setLkmName("柔絲");
// 級(jí)聯(lián)操作,兩個(gè)關(guān)聯(lián)都需要設(shè)置
customer.getLinkMans().add(linkMan);
linkMan.setCustomer(customer);
// 級(jí)聯(lián)操作后观游,只需要保存一個(gè)
customerDao.save(customer);
}
/** 多對(duì)多
*/
@Test
@Transactional
@Rollback(false)
public void add() {
// 新建實(shí)體類
User user = new User();
user.setUserName("小馬");
Role role = new Role();
role.setRoleName("CEO");
// 綁定關(guān)系
user.getRoles().add(role);
role.getUsers().add(user);
// 級(jí)聯(lián)操作,只操作主表
userDao.save(user);
}
2). 對(duì)象導(dǎo)航測(cè)試
/** 一對(duì)多 對(duì)象導(dǎo)航查詢
* 對(duì)象導(dǎo)航查詢:
* jpa的機(jī)制驮俗,通過(guò) 對(duì)象.get關(guān)聯(lián)的屬性() 即可進(jìn)行懶加載查詢其他表相關(guān)聯(lián)的數(shù)據(jù)
* 注意:在junit中需要加上@Transactional事務(wù)注解解決 no session問(wèn)題
*/
@Test
@Transactional
public void objectNavigate() {
Customer customer = customerDao.findOne(1L);
// 下面的執(zhí)行過(guò)程為懶加載機(jī)制【獲取的是linkMans的一個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)代理對(duì)象】【注意idea工具導(dǎo)致的假象】
Set<LinkMan> linkMans = customer.getLinkMans();
// 執(zhí)行下面時(shí)才開始查詢懂缕!
linkMans.forEach(System.out::println);
}
3). 使用Specification查詢
/**
* Specification的多表查詢
*/
@Test
public void testFind() {
Specification<LinkMan> spec = new Specification<LinkMan>() {
public Predicate toPredicate(Root<LinkMan> root, CriteriaQuery<?> query, CriteriaBuilder cb) {
//Join代表鏈接查詢,通過(guò)root對(duì)象獲取
//創(chuàng)建的過(guò)程中王凑,第一個(gè)參數(shù)為關(guān)聯(lián)對(duì)象的屬性名稱搪柑,第二個(gè)參數(shù)為連接查詢的方式(left,inner索烹,right)
//JoinType.LEFT : 左外連接,JoinType.INNER:內(nèi)連接,JoinType.RIGHT:右外連接
Join<LinkMan, Customer> join = root.join("customer", JoinType.INNER);
return cb.like(join.get("custName").as(String.class),"傳智播客1");
}
};
List<LinkMan> list = linkManDao.findAll(spec);
for (LinkMan linkMan : list) {
System.out.println(linkMan);
}
}