一私股、Spring Boot 入門
1刷允、Spring Boot 簡(jiǎn)介
簡(jiǎn)化Spring應(yīng)用開(kāi)發(fā)的一個(gè)框架冤留;
整個(gè)Spring技術(shù)棧的一個(gè)大整合;
J2EE開(kāi)發(fā)的一站式解決方案树灶;
2、微服務(wù)
2014糯而,martin fowler
微服務(wù):架構(gòu)風(fēng)格(服務(wù)微化)
一個(gè)應(yīng)用應(yīng)該是一組小型服務(wù)天通;可以通過(guò)HTTP的方式進(jìn)行互通;
單體應(yīng)用:ALL IN ONE
微服務(wù):每一個(gè)功能元素最終都是一個(gè)可獨(dú)立替換和獨(dú)立升級(jí)的軟件單元熄驼;
詳細(xì)參照微服務(wù)文檔
3像寒、環(huán)境準(zhǔn)備
http://www.gulixueyuan.com/ 谷粒學(xué)院
環(huán)境約束
–jdk1.8:Spring Boot 推薦jdk1.7及以上烘豹;java version "1.8.0_112"
–maven3.x:maven 3.3以上版本;Apache Maven 3.3.9
–IntelliJIDEA2017:IntelliJ IDEA 2017.2.2 x64诺祸、STS
–SpringBoot 1.5.9.RELEASE:1.5.9携悯;
統(tǒng)一環(huán)境;
1筷笨、MAVEN設(shè)置憔鬼;
給maven 的settings.xml配置文件的profiles標(biāo)簽添加
<profile>
<id>jdk-1.8</id>
<activation>
<activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
<jdk>1.8</jdk>
</activation>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
<maven.compiler.compilerVersion>1.8</maven.compiler.compilerVersion>
</properties>
</profile>
2、IDEA設(shè)置
整合maven進(jìn)來(lái)胃夏;
4轴或、Spring Boot HelloWorld
一個(gè)功能:
瀏覽器發(fā)送hello請(qǐng)求,服務(wù)器接受請(qǐng)求并處理仰禀,響應(yīng)Hello World字符串照雁;
1、創(chuàng)建一個(gè)maven工程答恶;(jar)
2饺蚊、導(dǎo)入spring boot相關(guān)的依賴
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
3、編寫一個(gè)主程序悬嗓;啟動(dòng)Spring Boot應(yīng)用
/**
* @SpringBootApplication 來(lái)標(biāo)注一個(gè)主程序類卸勺,說(shuō)明這是一個(gè)Spring Boot應(yīng)用
*/
@SpringBootApplication
public class HelloWorldMainApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Spring應(yīng)用啟動(dòng)起來(lái)
SpringApplication.run(HelloWorldMainApplication.class,args);
}
}
4、編寫相關(guān)的Controller烫扼、Service
@Controller
public class HelloController {
@ResponseBody
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public String hello(){
return "Hello World!";
}
}
5曙求、運(yùn)行主程序測(cè)試
6、簡(jiǎn)化部署
<!-- 這個(gè)插件映企,可以將應(yīng)用打包成一個(gè)可執(zhí)行的jar包悟狱;-->
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
將這個(gè)應(yīng)用打成jar包,直接使用java -jar的命令進(jìn)行執(zhí)行堰氓;
5挤渐、Hello World探究
1、POM文件
1双絮、父項(xiàng)目
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
他的父項(xiàng)目是
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath>../../spring-boot-dependencies</relativePath>
</parent>
他來(lái)真正管理Spring Boot應(yīng)用里面的所有依賴版本浴麻;
Spring Boot的版本仲裁中心侯养;
以后我們導(dǎo)入依賴默認(rèn)是不需要寫版本采盒;(沒(méi)有在dependencies里面管理的依賴自然需要聲明版本號(hào))
2、啟動(dòng)器
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
spring-boot-starter:spring-boot場(chǎng)景啟動(dòng)器强法;幫我們導(dǎo)入了web模塊正常運(yùn)行所依賴的組件焚挠;
Spring Boot將所有的功能場(chǎng)景都抽取出來(lái)膏萧,做成一個(gè)個(gè)的starters(啟動(dòng)器),只需要在項(xiàng)目里面引入這些starter相關(guān)場(chǎng)景的所有依賴都會(huì)導(dǎo)入進(jìn)來(lái)。要用什么功能就導(dǎo)入什么場(chǎng)景的啟動(dòng)器
2榛泛、主程序類蝌蹂,主入口類
/**
* @SpringBootApplication 來(lái)標(biāo)注一個(gè)主程序類,說(shuō)明這是一個(gè)Spring Boot應(yīng)用
*/
@SpringBootApplication
public class HelloWorldMainApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Spring應(yīng)用啟動(dòng)起來(lái)
SpringApplication.run(HelloWorldMainApplication.class,args);
}
}
@SpringBootApplication: Spring Boot應(yīng)用標(biāo)注在某個(gè)類上說(shuō)明這個(gè)類是SpringBoot的主配置類曹锨,SpringBoot就應(yīng)該運(yùn)行這個(gè)類的main方法來(lái)啟動(dòng)SpringBoot應(yīng)用孤个;
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan(excludeFilters = {
@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class),
@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class) })
public @interface SpringBootApplication {
@SpringBootConfiguration:Spring Boot的配置類;標(biāo)注在某個(gè)類上沛简,表示這是一個(gè)Spring Boot的配置類齐鲤;
@Configuration:配置類上來(lái)標(biāo)注這個(gè)注解;配置類 ----- 配置文件覆享;配置類也是容器中的一個(gè)組件佳遂;@Component
@EnableAutoConfiguration:開(kāi)啟自動(dòng)配置功能;以前我們需要配置的東西撒顿,Spring Boot幫我們自動(dòng)配置丑罪;
@EnableAutoConfiguration:告訴SpringBoot開(kāi)啟自動(dòng)配置功能;這樣自動(dòng)配置才能生效凤壁;
@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import(EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {
@AutoConfigurationPackage:自動(dòng)配置包
@Import(AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar.class):
?Spring的底層注解@Import吩屹,給容器中導(dǎo)入一個(gè)組件;導(dǎo)入的組件由AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar.class拧抖;
將主配置類(@SpringBootApplication標(biāo)注的類)的所在包及下面所有子包里面的所有組件掃描到Spring容器煤搜;在SpringBootApplication主配置類外的不會(huì)被掃描到。
@Import(EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)唧席;
給容器中導(dǎo)入組件擦盾?
EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector:導(dǎo)入哪些組件的選擇器;
將所有需要導(dǎo)入的組件以全類名的方式返回淌哟;這些組件就會(huì)被添加到容器中迹卢;
會(huì)給容器中導(dǎo)入非常多的自動(dòng)配置類(xxxAutoConfiguration);就是給容器中導(dǎo)入這個(gè)場(chǎng)景需要的所有組件徒仓,并配置好這些組件腐碱;
有了自動(dòng)配置類,免去了我們手動(dòng)編寫配置注入功能組件等的工作掉弛;
SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(EnableAutoConfiguration.class,classLoader)症见;
Spring Boot在啟動(dòng)的時(shí)候從類路徑下的META-INF/spring.factories中獲取EnableAutoConfiguration指定的值,將這些值作為自動(dòng)配置類導(dǎo)入到容器中殃饿,自動(dòng)配置類就生效谋作,幫我們進(jìn)行自動(dòng)配置工作;以前我們需要自己配置的東西壁晒,自動(dòng)配置類都幫我們瓷们;
J2EE的整體整合解決方案和自動(dòng)配置都在spring-boot-autoconfigure-1.5.9.RELEASE.jar业栅;
6秒咐、使用Spring Initializer快速創(chuàng)建Spring Boot項(xiàng)目
1谬晕、IDEA:使用 Spring Initializer快速創(chuàng)建項(xiàng)目
IDE都支持使用Spring的項(xiàng)目創(chuàng)建向?qū)Э焖賱?chuàng)建一個(gè)Spring Boot項(xiàng)目;
選擇我們需要的模塊携取;向?qū)?huì)聯(lián)網(wǎng)創(chuàng)建Spring Boot項(xiàng)目攒钳;
默認(rèn)生成的Spring Boot項(xiàng)目;
- 主程序已經(jīng)生成好了雷滋,我們只需要我們自己的邏輯
- resources文件夾中目錄結(jié)構(gòu)
- static:保存所有的靜態(tài)資源不撑; js css images;
- templates:保存所有的模板頁(yè)面晤斩;(Spring Boot默認(rèn)jar包使用嵌入式的Tomcat焕檬,默認(rèn)不支持JSP頁(yè)面);可以使用模板引擎(freemarker澳泵、thymeleaf)实愚;
- application.properties:Spring Boot應(yīng)用的配置文件;可以修改一些默認(rèn)設(shè)置兔辅;
2腊敲、STS使用 Spring Starter Project快速創(chuàng)建項(xiàng)目
二、配置文件
1维苔、配置文件
SpringBoot使用一個(gè)全局的配置文件碰辅,配置文件名是固定的;
?application.properties
?application.yml
配置文件的作用:修改SpringBoot自動(dòng)配置的默認(rèn)值介时;SpringBoot在底層都給我們自動(dòng)配置好没宾;
YAML(YAML Ain't Markup Language)
YAML A Markup Language:是一個(gè)標(biāo)記語(yǔ)言
YAML isn't Markup Language:不是一個(gè)標(biāo)記語(yǔ)言;
標(biāo)記語(yǔ)言:
以前的配置文件沸柔;大多都使用的是 xxxx.xml文件循衰;
YAML:以數(shù)據(jù)為中心,比json勉失、xml等更適合做配置文件羹蚣;
YAML:配置例子
server:
port: 8081
XML:
<server>
<port>8081</port>
</server>
2、YAML語(yǔ)法:
1乱凿、基本語(yǔ)法
k:(空格)v:表示一對(duì)鍵值對(duì)(空格必須有)顽素;
以空格的縮進(jìn)來(lái)控制層級(jí)關(guān)系;只要是左對(duì)齊的一列數(shù)據(jù)徒蟆,都是同一個(gè)層級(jí)的
server:
port: 8081
path: /hello
屬性和值也是大小寫敏感胁出;
2、值的寫法
字面量:普通的值(數(shù)字段审,字符串全蝶,布爾)
k: v:字面直接來(lái)寫;
字符串默認(rèn)不用加上單引號(hào)或者雙引號(hào);
"":雙引號(hào)抑淫;不會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)義字符串里面的特殊字符绷落;特殊字符會(huì)作為本身想表示的意思
name: "zhangsan \n lisi":輸出;zhangsan 換行 lisi
'':?jiǎn)我?hào)始苇;會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)義特殊字符砌烁,特殊字符最終只是一個(gè)普通的字符串?dāng)?shù)據(jù)
name: ‘zhangsan \n lisi’:輸出;zhangsan \n lisi
對(duì)象催式、Map(屬性和值)(鍵值對(duì)):
k: v:在下一行來(lái)寫對(duì)象的屬性和值的關(guān)系函喉;注意縮進(jìn)
對(duì)象還是k: v的方式
friends:
lastName: zhangsan
age: 20
行內(nèi)寫法:
friends: {lastName: zhangsan,age: 18}
數(shù)組(List、Set):
用- 值表示數(shù)組中的一個(gè)元素
pets:
- cat
- dog
- pig
行內(nèi)寫法
pets: [cat,dog,pig]
3荣月、配置文件值注入
配置文件
person:
lastName: hello
age: 18
boss: false
birth: 2017/12/12
maps: {k1: v1,k2: 12}
lists:
- lisi
- zhaoliu
dog:
name: 小狗
age: 12
javaBean:
/**
* 將配置文件中配置的每一個(gè)屬性的值管呵,映射到這個(gè)組件中
* @ConfigurationProperties:告訴SpringBoot將本類中的所有屬性和配置文件中相關(guān)的配置進(jìn)行綁定;
* prefix = "person":配置文件中哪個(gè)下面的所有屬性進(jìn)行一一映射
*
* 只有這個(gè)組件是容器中的組件哺窄,才能容器提供的@ConfigurationProperties功能捐下;
*/
@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person")
public class Person {
private String lastName;
private Integer age;
private Boolean boss;
private Date birth;
private Map<String,Object> maps;
private List<Object> lists;
private Dog dog;
我們可以導(dǎo)入配置文件處理器,以后編寫配置就有提示了
<!--導(dǎo)入配置文件處理器堂氯,配置文件進(jìn)行綁定就會(huì)有提示-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
1蔑担、properties配置文件在idea中默認(rèn)utf-8可能會(huì)亂碼
調(diào)整
2、@Value獲取值和@ConfigurationProperties獲取值比較
@ConfigurationProperties | @Value | |
---|---|---|
功能 | 批量注入配置文件中的屬性 | 一個(gè)個(gè)指定 |
松散綁定(松散語(yǔ)法) | 支持 | 不支持 |
SpEL | 不支持 | 支持 |
JSR303數(shù)據(jù)校驗(yàn) | 支持 | 不支持 |
復(fù)雜類型封裝 | 支持 | 不支持 |
配置文件yml還是properties他們都能獲取到值咽白;
如果說(shuō)啤握,我們只是在某個(gè)業(yè)務(wù)邏輯中需要獲取一下配置文件中的某項(xiàng)值,使用@Value晶框;
如果說(shuō)排抬,我們專門編寫了一個(gè)javaBean來(lái)和配置文件進(jìn)行映射,我們就直接使用@ConfigurationProperties授段;
3蹲蒲、配置文件注入值數(shù)據(jù)校驗(yàn)
@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person")
@Validated
public class Person {
/**
* <bean class="Person">
* <property name="lastName" value="字面量/${key}從環(huán)境變量、配置文件中獲取值/#{SpEL}"></property>
* <bean/>
*/
//lastName必須是郵箱格式
@Email
//@Value("${person.last-name}")
private String lastName;
//@Value("#{11*2}")
private Integer age;
//@Value("true")
private Boolean boss;
private Date birth;
private Map<String,Object> maps;
private List<Object> lists;
private Dog dog;
4侵贵、@PropertySource&@ImportResource&@Bean
@PropertySource:加載指定的配置文件届搁;
/**
* 將配置文件中配置的每一個(gè)屬性的值,映射到這個(gè)組件中
* @ConfigurationProperties:告訴SpringBoot將本類中的所有屬性和配置文件中相關(guān)的配置進(jìn)行綁定窍育;
* prefix = "person":配置文件中哪個(gè)下面的所有屬性進(jìn)行一一映射
*
* 只有這個(gè)組件是容器中的組件卡睦,才能容器提供的@ConfigurationProperties功能;
* @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person")默認(rèn)從全局配置文件中獲取值漱抓;
*
*/
@PropertySource(value = {"classpath:person.properties"})
@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person")
//@Validated
public class Person {
/**
* <bean class="Person">
* <property name="lastName" value="字面量/${key}從環(huán)境變量表锻、配置文件中獲取值/#{SpEL}"></property>
* <bean/>
*/
//lastName必須是郵箱格式
// @Email
//@Value("${person.last-name}")
private String lastName;
//@Value("#{11*2}")
private Integer age;
//@Value("true")
private Boolean boss;
@ImportResource:導(dǎo)入Spring的配置文件,讓配置文件里面的內(nèi)容生效乞娄;
Spring Boot里面沒(méi)有Spring的配置文件瞬逊,我們自己編寫的配置文件显歧,也不能自動(dòng)識(shí)別;
想讓Spring的配置文件生效确镊,加載進(jìn)來(lái)士骤;@ImportResource標(biāo)注在一個(gè)配置類上
@ImportResource(locations = {"classpath:beans.xml"})
導(dǎo)入Spring的配置文件讓其生效
不來(lái)編寫Spring的配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="helloService" class="com.atguigu.springboot.service.HelloService"></bean>
</beans>
SpringBoot推薦給容器中添加組件的方式;推薦使用全注解的方式
1骚腥、配置類@Configuration------>Spring配置文件
2敦间、使用@Bean給容器中添加組件
/**
* @Configuration:指明當(dāng)前類是一個(gè)配置類瓶逃;就是來(lái)替代之前的Spring配置文件
*
* 在配置文件中用<bean><bean/>標(biāo)簽添加組件
*
*/
@Configuration
public class MyAppConfig {
//將方法的返回值添加到容器中束铭;容器中這個(gè)組件默認(rèn)的id就是方法名
@Bean
public HelloService helloService02(){
System.out.println("配置類@Bean給容器中添加組件了...");
return new HelloService();
}
}
4、配置文件占位符
1厢绝、隨機(jī)數(shù)
${random.value}契沫、${random.int}、${random.long}
${random.int(10)}昔汉、${random.int[1024,65536]}
2懈万、占位符獲取之前配置的值,如果沒(méi)有可以是用:指定默認(rèn)值
person.last-name=張三${random.uuid}
person.age=${random.int}
person.birth=2017/12/15
person.boss=false
person.maps.k1=v1
person.maps.k2=14
person.lists=a,b,c
person.dog.name=${person.hello:hello}_dog //如果前面指定過(guò)person.hello就取得值靶病,如果沒(méi)有就取得默認(rèn)值hello
person.dog.age=15
5会通、Profile
1、多Profile文件
我們?cè)谥髋渲梦募帉懙臅r(shí)候娄周,文件名可以是 application-{profile}.properties/yml
默認(rèn)使用application.properties的配置涕侈;
2、yml支持多文檔塊方式
server:
port: 8081
spring:
profiles:
active: prod
---
server:
port: 8083
spring:
profiles: dev
---
server:
port: 8084
spring:
profiles: prod #指定屬于哪個(gè)環(huán)境
3煤辨、其他激活指定profile的3種方式(建議還是以上面兩種方式)
? 1裳涛、在配置文件中指定 --spring.profiles.active=dev
? 2、打包完后用命令行運(yùn)行jar:
? java -jar spring-boot-02-config-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar --spring.profiles.active=dev众辨;
? 可以直接在測(cè)試的時(shí)候端三,配置傳入命令行參數(shù)
? 3、虛擬機(jī)參數(shù)鹃彻;
? -Dspring.profiles.active=dev
6郊闯、配置文件加載位置
springboot 啟動(dòng)會(huì)掃描以下位置的application.properties或者application.yml文件作為Spring boot的默認(rèn)配置文件
–file:./config/
–file:./
–classpath:/config/
–classpath:/
優(yōu)先級(jí)由高到底,高優(yōu)先級(jí)的配置會(huì)覆蓋低優(yōu)先級(jí)的配置蛛株;
SpringBoot會(huì)從這四個(gè)位置全部加載主配置文件团赁;互補(bǔ)配置;
我們還可以通過(guò)spring.config.location來(lái)改變默認(rèn)的配置文件位置
項(xiàng)目打包好以后泳挥,我們可以使用命令行參數(shù)的形式然痊,啟動(dòng)項(xiàng)目的時(shí)候來(lái)指定配置文件的新位置;指定配置文件和默認(rèn)加載的這些配置文件共同起作用形成互補(bǔ)配置屉符;
java -jar spring-boot-02-config-02-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar --spring.config.location=G:/application.properties
7剧浸、外部配置加載順序
SpringBoot也可以從以下位置加載配置锹引; 優(yōu)先級(jí)從高到低;高優(yōu)先級(jí)的配置覆蓋低優(yōu)先級(jí)的配置唆香,所有的配置會(huì)形成互補(bǔ)配置
1.命令行參數(shù)
所有的配置都可以在命令行上進(jìn)行指定
java -jar spring-boot-02-config-02-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar --server.port=8087 --server.context-path=/abc
多個(gè)配置用空格分開(kāi)嫌变; --配置項(xiàng)=值
2.來(lái)自java:comp/env的JNDI屬性
3.Java系統(tǒng)屬性(System.getProperties())
4.操作系統(tǒng)環(huán)境變量
5.RandomValuePropertySource配置的random.*屬性值
由jar包外向jar包內(nèi)進(jìn)行尋找;
優(yōu)先加載帶profile
6.jar包外部的application-{profile}.properties或application.yml(帶spring.profile)配置文件
7.jar包內(nèi)部的application-{profile}.properties或application.yml(帶spring.profile)配置文件
再來(lái)加載不帶profile
8.jar包外部的application.properties或application.yml(不帶spring.profile)配置文件
9.jar包內(nèi)部的application.properties或application.yml(不帶spring.profile)配置文件
10.@Configuration注解類上的@PropertySource
11.通過(guò)SpringApplication.setDefaultProperties指定的默認(rèn)屬性
所有支持的配置加載來(lái)源躬它;
8腾啥、自動(dòng)配置原理
配置文件到底能寫什么?怎么寫冯吓?自動(dòng)配置原理倘待;
配置文件能配置的屬性參照
1、自動(dòng)配置原理:
1)SpringBoot啟動(dòng)的時(shí)候加載主配置類组贺,開(kāi)啟了自動(dòng)配置功能 @EnableAutoConfiguration
2)@EnableAutoConfiguration 作用:
利用EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector給容器中導(dǎo)入一些組件凸舵?
可以查看selectImports()方法的內(nèi)容;
-
List<String> configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes);獲取候選的配置
SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames() 掃描所有jar包類路徑下 META-INF/spring.factories 把掃描到的這些文件的內(nèi)容包裝成properties對(duì)象 從properties中獲取到EnableAutoConfiguration.class類(類名)對(duì)應(yīng)的值失尖,然后把他們添加在容器中
將類路徑下 META-INF/spring.factories 里面配置的所有EnableAutoConfiguration的值加入到了容器中啊奄;
# Auto Configure
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.amqp.RabbitAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.batch.BatchAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CacheAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cassandra.CassandraAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cloud.CloudAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.ConfigurationPropertiesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.MessageSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.PropertyPlaceholderAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.couchbase.CouchbaseAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.dao.PersistenceExceptionTranslationAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jpa.JpaRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.ldap.LdapDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.ldap.LdapRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.solr.SolrRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.rest.RepositoryRestMvcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.web.SpringDataWebAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.elasticsearch.jest.JestAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.freemarker.FreeMarkerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.gson.GsonAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.h2.H2ConsoleAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hateoas.HypermediaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastJpaDependencyAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.info.ProjectInfoAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.integration.IntegrationAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jackson.JacksonAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JdbcTemplateAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JndiDataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.XADataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JmsAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jmx.JmxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JndiConnectionFactoryAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.activemq.ActiveMQAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.artemis.ArtemisAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.groovy.template.GroovyTemplateAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jersey.JerseyAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jooq.JooqAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.kafka.KafkaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.embedded.EmbeddedLdapAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.LdapAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.liquibase.LiquibaseAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderValidatorAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mobile.DeviceResolverAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mobile.DeviceDelegatingViewResolverAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mobile.SitePreferenceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.embedded.EmbeddedMongoAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mustache.MustacheAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.reactor.ReactorAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.SecurityAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.SecurityFilterAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.FallbackWebSecurityAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.OAuth2AutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.sendgrid.SendGridAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.session.SessionAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.social.SocialWebAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.social.FacebookAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.social.LinkedInAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.social.TwitterAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.solr.SolrAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.thymeleaf.ThymeleafAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.TransactionAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.jta.JtaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.validation.ValidationAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.HttpMessageConvertersAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.MultipartAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ServerPropertiesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.WebClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.WebMvcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.WebSocketAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.WebSocketMessagingAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.WebServicesAutoConfiguration
每一個(gè)這樣的 xxxAutoConfiguration類都是容器中的一個(gè)組件,都加入到容器中掀潮;用他們來(lái)做自動(dòng)配置菇夸;
3)每一個(gè)自動(dòng)配置類進(jìn)行自動(dòng)配置功能;
4)以HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration(Http編碼自動(dòng)配置)為例解釋自動(dòng)配置原理仪吧;
@Configuration //表示這是一個(gè)配置類庄新,以前編寫的配置文件一樣,也可以給容器中添加組件
@EnableConfigurationProperties(HttpEncodingProperties.class) //啟動(dòng)指定類的ConfigurationProperties功能邑商;將配置文件中對(duì)應(yīng)的值和HttpEncodingProperties綁定起來(lái)摄咆;并把HttpEncodingProperties加入到ioc容器中
@ConditionalOnWebApplication //Spring底層@Conditional注解(Spring注解版),根據(jù)不同的條件人断,如果滿足指定的條件吭从,整個(gè)配置類里面的配置就會(huì)生效; 判斷當(dāng)前應(yīng)用是否是web應(yīng)用恶迈,如果是涩金,當(dāng)前配置類生效
@ConditionalOnClass(CharacterEncodingFilter.class) //判斷當(dāng)前項(xiàng)目有沒(méi)有這個(gè)類CharacterEncodingFilter;SpringMVC中進(jìn)行亂碼解決的過(guò)濾器暇仲;
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.http.encoding", value = "enabled", matchIfMissing = true) //判斷配置文件中是否存在某個(gè)配置 spring.http.encoding.enabled步做;如果不存在,判斷也是成立的
//即使我們配置文件中不配置pring.http.encoding.enabled=true奈附,也是默認(rèn)生效的全度;
public class HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration {
//他已經(jīng)和SpringBoot的配置文件映射了
private final HttpEncodingProperties properties;
//只有一個(gè)有參構(gòu)造器的情況下,參數(shù)的值就會(huì)從容器中拿
public HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration(HttpEncodingProperties properties) {
this.properties = properties;
}
@Bean //給容器中添加一個(gè)組件斥滤,這個(gè)組件的某些值需要從properties中獲取
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(CharacterEncodingFilter.class) //判斷容器沒(méi)有這個(gè)組件将鸵?
public CharacterEncodingFilter characterEncodingFilter() {
CharacterEncodingFilter filter = new OrderedCharacterEncodingFilter();
filter.setEncoding(this.properties.getCharset().name());
filter.setForceRequestEncoding(this.properties.shouldForce(Type.REQUEST));
filter.setForceResponseEncoding(this.properties.shouldForce(Type.RESPONSE));
return filter;
}
根據(jù)當(dāng)前不同的條件判斷勉盅,決定這個(gè)配置類是否生效?
一但這個(gè)配置類生效顶掉;這個(gè)配置類就會(huì)給容器中添加各種組件草娜;這些組件的屬性是從對(duì)應(yīng)的properties類中獲取的,這些類里面的每一個(gè)屬性又是和配置文件綁定的痒筒;
5)所有在配置文件中能配置的屬性都是在xxxxProperties類中封裝者‘宰闰;配置文件能配置什么就可以參照某個(gè)功能對(duì)應(yīng)的這個(gè)屬性類
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.http.encoding") //從配置文件中獲取指定的值和bean的屬性進(jìn)行綁定
public class HttpEncodingProperties {
public static final Charset DEFAULT_CHARSET = Charset.forName("UTF-8");
精髓:
? 1)SpringBoot啟動(dòng)會(huì)加載大量的自動(dòng)配置類
? 2)我們看我們需要的功能有沒(méi)有SpringBoot默認(rèn)寫好的自動(dòng)配置類;
? 3)我們?cè)賮?lái)看這個(gè)自動(dòng)配置類中到底配置了哪些組件簿透;(只要我們要用的組件有移袍,我們就不需要再來(lái)配置了)
? 4)給容器中自動(dòng)配置類添加組件的時(shí)候,會(huì)從properties類中獲取某些屬性萎战。我們就可以在配置文件中指定這些屬性的值咐容;
xxxxAutoConfigurartion:自動(dòng)配置類;
給容器中添加組件
xxxxProperties:封裝配置文件中相關(guān)屬性
2蚂维、細(xì)節(jié)
1、@Conditional派生注解(Spring注解版原生的@Conditional作用)
作用:必須是@Conditional指定的條件成立路狮,才給容器中添加組件虫啥,配置配里面的所有內(nèi)容才生效;
@Conditional擴(kuò)展注解 | 作用(判斷是否滿足當(dāng)前指定條件) |
---|---|
@ConditionalOnJava | 系統(tǒng)的java版本是否符合要求 |
@ConditionalOnBean | 容器中存在指定Bean奄妨; |
@ConditionalOnMissingBean | 容器中不存在指定Bean涂籽; |
@ConditionalOnExpression | 滿足SpEL表達(dá)式指定 |
@ConditionalOnClass | 系統(tǒng)中有指定的類 |
@ConditionalOnMissingClass | 系統(tǒng)中沒(méi)有指定的類 |
@ConditionalOnSingleCandidate | 容器中只有一個(gè)指定的Bean,或者這個(gè)Bean是首選Bean |
@ConditionalOnProperty | 系統(tǒng)中指定的屬性是否有指定的值 |
@ConditionalOnResource | 類路徑下是否存在指定資源文件 |
@ConditionalOnWebApplication | 當(dāng)前是web環(huán)境 |
@ConditionalOnNotWebApplication | 當(dāng)前不是web環(huán)境 |
@ConditionalOnJndi | JNDI存在指定項(xiàng) |
自動(dòng)配置類必須在一定的條件下才能生效砸抛;
我們?cè)趺粗滥男┳詣?dòng)配置類生效评雌;
我們可以通過(guò)在application.properties里添加debug=true;來(lái)讓控制臺(tái)打印自動(dòng)配置報(bào)告直焙,這樣我們就可以很方便的知道哪些自動(dòng)配置類生效景东;
啟動(dòng)的時(shí)候控制臺(tái)會(huì)打印下面信息
=========================
AUTO-CONFIGURATION REPORT
=========================
Positive matches:(自動(dòng)配置類啟用的)
-----------------
DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration matched:
- @ConditionalOnClass found required class 'org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet'; @ConditionalOnMissingClass did not find unwanted class (OnClassCondition)
- @ConditionalOnWebApplication (required) found StandardServletEnvironment (OnWebApplicationCondition)
Negative matches:(沒(méi)有啟動(dòng),沒(méi)有匹配成功的自動(dòng)配置類)
-----------------
ActiveMQAutoConfiguration:
Did not match:
- @ConditionalOnClass did not find required classes 'javax.jms.ConnectionFactory', 'org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory' (OnClassCondition)
AopAutoConfiguration:
Did not match:
- @ConditionalOnClass did not find required classes 'org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect', 'org.aspectj.lang.reflect.Advice' (OnClassCondition)
三奔誓、日志
1斤吐、日志框架
市面上的日志框架;
JUL厨喂、JCL和措、Jboss-logging、logback蜕煌、log4j派阱、log4j2、slf4j....
日志門面 (日志的抽象層) | 日志實(shí)現(xiàn) |
---|---|
SLF4j(Simple Logging Facade for Java) |
Log4j JUL(java.util.logging) Log4j2 Logback |
左邊選一個(gè)門面(抽象層)斜纪、右邊來(lái)選一個(gè)實(shí)現(xiàn)贫母;
日志門面: SLF4J故响;
日志實(shí)現(xiàn):Logback;
SpringBoot:底層是Spring框架颁独,Spring框架默認(rèn)是用JCL彩届;‘
SpringBoot選用 SLF4j和logback;
2誓酒、SLF4j使用
1樟蠕、如何在系統(tǒng)中使用SLF4j https://www.slf4j.org
以后開(kāi)發(fā)的時(shí)候,日志記錄方法的調(diào)用靠柑,不應(yīng)該來(lái)直接調(diào)用日志的實(shí)現(xiàn)類寨辩,而是調(diào)用日志抽象層里面的方法;
給系統(tǒng)里面導(dǎo)入slf4j的jar和 logback的實(shí)現(xiàn)jar
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
public class HelloWorld {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HelloWorld.class);
logger.info("Hello World");
}
}
每一個(gè)日志的實(shí)現(xiàn)框架都有自己的配置文件歼冰。使用slf4j以后靡狞,配置文件還是做成日志實(shí)現(xiàn)框架自己本身的配置文件;
2隔嫡、遺留問(wèn)題
a(slf4j+logback): Spring(commons-logging)甸怕、Hibernate(jboss-logging)、MyBatis
統(tǒng)一日志記錄腮恩,即使是別的框架和我一起統(tǒng)一使用slf4j進(jìn)行輸出梢杭?
如何讓系統(tǒng)中所有的日志都統(tǒng)一到slf4j;
1秸滴、將系統(tǒng)中其他日志框架先排除出去武契;
2、用中間包來(lái)替換原有的日志框架荡含;
3侯嘀、我們導(dǎo)入slf4j其他的實(shí)現(xiàn)
3俭驮、SpringBoot日志關(guān)系
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
SpringBoot使用它來(lái)做日志功能;
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-logging</artifactId>
</dependency>
底層依賴關(guān)系
總結(jié):
? 1)SpringBoot底層也是使用slf4j+logback的方式進(jìn)行日志記錄
? 2)SpringBoot也把其他的日志都替換成了slf4j;
? 3)中間替換包王污?
@SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
public abstract class LogFactory {
static String UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION_IN_JCL_OVER_SLF4J = "http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#unsupported_operation_in_jcl_over_slf4j";
static LogFactory logFactory = new SLF4JLogFactory();
4)如果我們要引入其他框架荔烧?一定要把這個(gè)框架的默認(rèn)日志依賴移除掉曲掰?
Spring框架用的是commons-logging垃杖;
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
SpringBoot能自動(dòng)適配所有的日志,而且底層使用slf4j+logback的方式記錄日志找前,引入其他框架的時(shí)候糟袁,只需要把這個(gè)框架依賴的日志框架排除掉即可;
4躺盛、日志使用项戴;
1、默認(rèn)配置
SpringBoot默認(rèn)幫我們配置好了日志槽惫;
//記錄器
Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass());
@Test
public void contextLoads() {
//日志的級(jí)別周叮;
//由低到高 trace<debug<info<warn<error
//可以調(diào)整輸出的日志級(jí)別辩撑;日志就只會(huì)在這個(gè)級(jí)別以以后的高級(jí)別生效
logger.trace("這是trace日志...");
logger.debug("這是debug日志...");
//SpringBoot默認(rèn)給我們使用的是info級(jí)別的,沒(méi)有指定級(jí)別的就用SpringBoot默認(rèn)規(guī)定的級(jí)別仿耽;root級(jí)別
logger.info("這是info日志...");
logger.warn("這是warn日志...");
logger.error("這是error日志...");
}
日志輸出格式:
%d表示日期時(shí)間合冀,
%thread表示線程名,
%-5level:級(jí)別從左顯示5個(gè)字符寬度
%logger{50} 表示logger名字最長(zhǎng)50個(gè)字符项贺,否則按照句點(diǎn)分割君躺。
%msg:日志消息,
%n是換行符
%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{50} - %msg%n
SpringBoot修改日志的默認(rèn)配置
//SpringBoot默認(rèn)給我們使用的是info級(jí)別的,可以自己修改log級(jí)別
logging.level.com.atguigu=trace
#logging.path=/Users/luosa/Desktop/logs
# 不指定路徑在當(dāng)前項(xiàng)目下生成springboot.log日志
# 可以指定完整的路徑开缎;
#logging.file=G:/springboot.log
# 在當(dāng)前磁盤的根路徑下創(chuàng)建spring文件夾和里面的log文件夾棕叫;使用 spring.log 作為默認(rèn)文件
logging.path=/Users/luosa/Desktop/logs
# 在控制臺(tái)輸出的日志的格式
logging.pattern.console=%d{yyyy-MM-dd} [%thread] %-5level %logger{50} - %msg%n
# 指定文件中日志輸出的格式
logging.pattern.file=%d{yyyy-MM-dd} === [%thread] === %-5level === %logger{50} ==== %msg%n
logging.file | logging.path | Example | Description |
---|---|---|---|
(none) | (none) | 只在控制臺(tái)輸出 | |
指定文件名 | (none) | my.log | 輸出日志到my.log文件 |
(none) | 指定目錄 | /var/log | 輸出到指定目錄的 spring.log 文件中 |
2、指定配置
給類路徑下放上每個(gè)日志框架自己的配置文件即可奕删;SpringBoot就不使用他默認(rèn)配置的了
Logging System | Customization |
---|---|
Logback |
logback-spring.xml , logback-spring.groovy , logback.xml or logback.groovy
|
Log4j2 |
log4j2-spring.xml or log4j2.xml
|
JDK (Java Util Logging) | logging.properties |
logback.xml:直接就被日志框架識(shí)別了俺泣;
logback-spring.xml:日志框架就不直接加載日志的配置項(xiàng),由SpringBoot解析日志配置完残,可以使用SpringBoot的高級(jí)Profile功能
<springProfile name="staging">
<!-- configuration to be enabled when the "staging" profile is active -->
可以指定某段配置只在某個(gè)環(huán)境下生效
</springProfile>
如:
<appender name="stdout" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
<!--
日志輸出格式:
%d表示日期時(shí)間伏钠,
%thread表示線程名,
%-5level:級(jí)別從左顯示5個(gè)字符寬度
%logger{50} 表示logger名字最長(zhǎng)50個(gè)字符坏怪,否則按照句點(diǎn)分割贝润。
%msg:日志消息,
%n是換行符
-->
<layout class="ch.qos.logback.classic.PatternLayout">
<springProfile name="dev">
<pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} ----> [%thread] ---> %-5level %logger{50} - %msg%n</pattern>
</springProfile>
<springProfile name="!dev">
<pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} ==== [%thread] ==== %-5level %logger{50} - %msg%n</pattern>
</springProfile>
</layout>
</appender>
如果使用logback.xml作為日志配置文件铝宵,還要使用profile功能,會(huì)有以下錯(cuò)誤
no applicable action for [springProfile]
5华畏、切換日志框架
可以按照slf4j的日志適配圖鹏秋,進(jìn)行相關(guān)的切換;
slf4j+log4j的方式亡笑;
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<artifactId>log4j-over-slf4j</artifactId>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
</dependency>
切換為log4j2
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-logging</artifactId>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-log4j2</artifactId>
</dependency>
四侣夷、Web開(kāi)發(fā)
1、簡(jiǎn)介
使用SpringBoot仑乌;
1)創(chuàng)建SpringBoot應(yīng)用百拓,選中我們需要的模塊;
2)SpringBoot已經(jīng)默認(rèn)將這些場(chǎng)景配置好了晰甚,只需要在配置文件中指定少量配置就可以運(yùn)行起來(lái)
3)自己編寫業(yè)務(wù)代碼衙传;
自動(dòng)配置原理?
這個(gè)場(chǎng)景SpringBoot幫我們配置了什么厕九?能不能修改蓖捶?能修改哪些配置?能不能擴(kuò)展扁远?xxx
xxxxAutoConfiguration:幫我們給容器中自動(dòng)配置組件俊鱼;
xxxxProperties:配置類來(lái)封裝配置文件的內(nèi)容刻像;
2、SpringBoot對(duì)靜態(tài)資源的映射規(guī)則并闲;
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.resources", ignoreUnknownFields = false)
public class ResourceProperties implements ResourceLoaderAware {
//可以設(shè)置和靜態(tài)資源有關(guān)的參數(shù)细睡,緩存時(shí)間等
WebMvcAuotConfiguration:
@Override
public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
if (!this.resourceProperties.isAddMappings()) {
logger.debug("Default resource handling disabled");
return;
}
Integer cachePeriod = this.resourceProperties.getCachePeriod();
if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern("/webjars/**")) {
customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(
registry.addResourceHandler("/webjars/**")
.addResourceLocations(
"classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/")
.setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
}
String staticPathPattern = this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern();
//靜態(tài)資源文件夾映射
if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern(staticPathPattern)) {
customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(
registry.addResourceHandler(staticPathPattern)
.addResourceLocations(
this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations())
.setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
}
}
//配置歡迎頁(yè)映射
@Bean
public WelcomePageHandlerMapping welcomePageHandlerMapping(
ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {
return new WelcomePageHandlerMapping(resourceProperties.getWelcomePage(),
this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern());
}
//配置喜歡的圖標(biāo)
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnProperty(value = "spring.mvc.favicon.enabled", matchIfMissing = true)
public static class FaviconConfiguration {
private final ResourceProperties resourceProperties;
public FaviconConfiguration(ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {
this.resourceProperties = resourceProperties;
}
@Bean
public SimpleUrlHandlerMapping faviconHandlerMapping() {
SimpleUrlHandlerMapping mapping = new SimpleUrlHandlerMapping();
mapping.setOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 1);
//所有 **/favicon.ico
mapping.setUrlMap(Collections.singletonMap("**/favicon.ico",
faviconRequestHandler()));
return mapping;
}
@Bean
public ResourceHttpRequestHandler faviconRequestHandler() {
ResourceHttpRequestHandler requestHandler = new ResourceHttpRequestHandler();
requestHandler
.setLocations(this.resourceProperties.getFaviconLocations());
return requestHandler;
}
}
1)所有 /webjars/** ,都去 classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/ 找資源帝火;
webjars:以jar包的方式引入靜態(tài)資源溜徙;
http://www.webjars.org/
localhost:8080/webjars/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.js
<!--引入jquery-webjar-->在訪問(wèn)的時(shí)候只需要寫webjars下面資源的名稱即可
<dependency>
<groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
<artifactId>jquery</artifactId>
<version>3.3.1</version>
</dependency>
2)"/**" 訪問(wèn)當(dāng)前項(xiàng)目的任何資源,都去(靜態(tài)資源的文件夾)找映射
"classpath:/META-INF/resources/",
"classpath:/resources/",
"classpath:/static/",
"classpath:/public/"
"/":當(dāng)前項(xiàng)目的根路徑
localhost:8080/abc === 去靜態(tài)資源文件夾里面找abc
3)歡迎頁(yè)购公; 靜態(tài)資源文件夾下的所有index.html頁(yè)面萌京;被"/**"映射;
localhost:8080/ 找index頁(yè)面
4)所有的 **/favicon.ico 都是在靜態(tài)資源文件下找宏浩;
3知残、模板引擎
JSP、Velocity比庄、Freemarker求妹、Thymeleaf
SpringBoot推薦的Thymeleaf;
語(yǔ)法更簡(jiǎn)單佳窑,功能更強(qiáng)大制恍;
1、引入thymeleaf神凑;
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
2.1.6
</dependency>
切換thymeleaf版本
<properties>
<thymeleaf.version>3.0.9.RELEASE</thymeleaf.version>
<!-- 布局功能的支持程序 thymeleaf3主程序 layout2以上版本 -->
<!-- thymeleaf2 layout1-->
<thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>2.2.2</thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>
</properties>
2净神、Thymeleaf使用
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.thymeleaf")
public class ThymeleafProperties {
private static final Charset DEFAULT_ENCODING = Charset.forName("UTF-8");
private static final MimeType DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE = MimeType.valueOf("text/html");
public static final String DEFAULT_PREFIX = "classpath:/templates/";
public static final String DEFAULT_SUFFIX = ".html";
//
只要我們把HTML頁(yè)面放在classpath:/templates/,thymeleaf就能自動(dòng)渲染溉委;
使用:
1鹃唯、導(dǎo)入thymeleaf的名稱空間
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
2、使用thymeleaf語(yǔ)法瓣喊;
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>成功坡慌!</h1>
<!--th:text 將div里面的文本內(nèi)容設(shè)置為 -->
<div th:text="${hello}">這是顯示歡迎信息</div>
</body>
</html>
3、語(yǔ)法規(guī)則
1)th:text藻三;改變當(dāng)前元素里面的文本內(nèi)容洪橘;
? th:任意html屬性;來(lái)替換原生屬性的值
2)表達(dá)式
Simple expressions:(表達(dá)式語(yǔ)法)
Variable Expressions: ${...}:獲取變量值棵帽;OGNL熄求;
1)、獲取對(duì)象的屬性岖寞、調(diào)用方法
2)抡四、使用內(nèi)置的基本對(duì)象:
#ctx : the context object.
#vars: the context variables.
#locale : the context locale.
#request : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletRequest object.
#response : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletResponse object.
#session : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpSession object.
#servletContext : (only in Web Contexts) the ServletContext object.
${session.foo}
3)、內(nèi)置的一些工具對(duì)象:
#execInfo : information about the template being processed.
#messages : methods for obtaining externalized messages inside variables expressions, in the same way as they would be obtained using #{…} syntax.
#uris : methods for escaping parts of URLs/URIs
#conversions : methods for executing the configured conversion service (if any).
#dates : methods for java.util.Date objects: formatting, component extraction, etc.
#calendars : analogous to #dates , but for java.util.Calendar objects.
#numbers : methods for formatting numeric objects.
#strings : methods for String objects: contains, startsWith, prepending/appending, etc.
#objects : methods for objects in general.
#bools : methods for boolean evaluation.
#arrays : methods for arrays.
#lists : methods for lists.
#sets : methods for sets.
#maps : methods for maps.
#aggregates : methods for creating aggregates on arrays or collections.
#ids : methods for dealing with id attributes that might be repeated (for example, as a result of an iteration).
Selection Variable Expressions: *{...}:選擇表達(dá)式:和${}在功能上是一樣;
補(bǔ)充:配合 th:object="${session.user}:
<div th:object="${session.user}">
<p>Name: <span th:text="*{firstName}">Sebastian</span>.</p>
<p>Surname: <span th:text="*{lastName}">Pepper</span>.</p>
<p>Nationality: <span th:text="*{nationality}">Saturn</span>.</p>
</div>
Message Expressions: #{...}:獲取國(guó)際化內(nèi)容
Link URL Expressions: @{...}:定義URL指巡;
@{/order/process(execId=${execId},execType='FAST')}
Fragment Expressions: ~{...}:片段引用表達(dá)式
<div th:insert="~{commons :: main}">...</div>
Literals(字面量)
Text literals: 'one text' , 'Another one!' ,…
Number literals: 0 , 34 , 3.0 , 12.3 ,…
Boolean literals: true , false
Null literal: null
Literal tokens: one , sometext , main ,…
Text operations:(文本操作)
String concatenation: +
Literal substitutions: |The name is ${name}|
Arithmetic operations:(數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算)
Binary operators: + , - , * , / , %
Minus sign (unary operator): -
Boolean operations:(布爾運(yùn)算)
Binary operators: and , or
Boolean negation (unary operator): ! , not
Comparisons and equality:(比較運(yùn)算)
Comparators: > , < , >= , <= ( gt , lt , ge , le )
Equality operators: == , != ( eq , ne )
Conditional operators:條件運(yùn)算(三元運(yùn)算符)
If-then: (if) ? (then)
If-then-else: (if) ? (then) : (else)
Default: (value) ?: (defaultvalue)
Special tokens:
No-Operation: _
4淑履、SpringMVC自動(dòng)配置
1. Spring MVC auto-configuration
Spring Boot 自動(dòng)配置好了SpringMVC
以下是SpringBoot對(duì)SpringMVC的默認(rèn)配置:(WebMvcAutoConfiguration)
- Inclusion of
ContentNegotiatingViewResolver
andBeanNameViewResolver
beans. - 自動(dòng)配置了ViewResolver(視圖解析器:根據(jù)方法的返回值得到視圖對(duì)象(View),視圖對(duì)象決定如何渲染(轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)藻雪?重定向秘噪?))
- ContentNegotiatingViewResolver:組合所有的視圖解析器的;
- 如何定制:我們可以自己給容器中添加一個(gè)視圖解析器勉耀;自動(dòng)的將其組合進(jìn)來(lái)指煎;
- Support for serving static resources, including support for WebJars (see below).靜態(tài)資源文件夾路徑,webjars
- Static
index.html
support. 靜態(tài)首頁(yè)訪問(wèn) - Custom
Favicon
support (see below). favicon.ico - 自動(dòng)注冊(cè)了 of
Converter
,GenericConverter
,Formatter
beans. - Converter:轉(zhuǎn)換器; public String hello(User user):類型轉(zhuǎn)換使用Converter
-
Formatter
格式化器便斥; 2017.12.17===Date至壤;
@Bean
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mvc", name = "date-format")//在文件中配置日期格式化的規(guī)則
public Formatter<Date> dateFormatter() {
return new DateFormatter(this.mvcProperties.getDateFormat());//日期格式化組件
}
自己添加的格式化器轉(zhuǎn)換器,我們只需要放在容器中即可
Support for
HttpMessageConverters
(see below).HttpMessageConverter:SpringMVC用來(lái)轉(zhuǎn)換Http請(qǐng)求和響應(yīng)的枢纠;User---Json像街;
HttpMessageConverters
是從容器中確定;獲取所有的HttpMessageConverter晋渺;
自己給容器中添加HttpMessageConverter镰绎,只需要將自己的組件注冊(cè)容器中(@Bean,@Component)Automatic registration of
MessageCodesResolver
(see below).定義錯(cuò)誤代碼生成規(guī)則-
Automatic use of a
ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer
bean (see below).
我們可以配置一個(gè)ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer來(lái)替換默認(rèn)的;(添加到容器)初始化WebDataBinder木西; 請(qǐng)求數(shù)據(jù)=====JavaBean畴栖;
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web:web的所有自動(dòng)場(chǎng)景;
If you want to keep Spring Boot MVC features, and you just want to add additional MVC configuration (interceptors, formatters, view controllers etc.) you can add your own @Configuration
class of type WebMvcConfigurerAdapter
, but without @EnableWebMvc
. If you wish to provide custom instances of RequestMappingHandlerMapping
, RequestMappingHandlerAdapter
or ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver
you can declare a WebMvcRegistrationsAdapter
instance providing such components.
If you want to take complete control of Spring MVC, you can add your own @Configuration
annotated with @EnableWebMvc
.
2八千、擴(kuò)展SpringMVC
<mvc:view-controller path="/hello" view-name="success"/>
<mvc:interceptors>
<mvc:interceptor>
<mvc:mapping path="/hello"/>
<bean></bean>
</mvc:interceptor>
</mvc:interceptors>
編寫一個(gè)配置類(@Configuration)吗讶,是WebMvcConfigurerAdapter類型;不能標(biāo)注@EnableWebMvc;
既保留了所有的自動(dòng)配置恋捆,也能用我們擴(kuò)展的配置关翎;
//使用WebMvcConfigurerAdapter可以來(lái)擴(kuò)展SpringMVC的功能
@Configuration
public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
@Override
public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
// super.addViewControllers(registry);
//瀏覽器發(fā)送 /atguigu 請(qǐng)求來(lái)到 success
registry.addViewController("/atguigu").setViewName("success");
}
}
原理:
? 1)、WebMvcAutoConfiguration是SpringMVC的自動(dòng)配置類
? 2)鸠信、在做其他自動(dòng)配置時(shí)會(huì)導(dǎo)入;@Import(EnableWebMvcConfiguration.class)
@Configuration
public static class EnableWebMvcConfiguration extends DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration {
private final WebMvcConfigurerComposite configurers = new WebMvcConfigurerComposite();
//從容器中獲取所有的WebMvcConfigurer
@Autowired(required = false)
public void setConfigurers(List<WebMvcConfigurer> configurers) {
if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(configurers)) {
this.configurers.addWebMvcConfigurers(configurers);
//一個(gè)參考實(shí)現(xiàn)论寨;將所有的WebMvcConfigurer相關(guān)配置都來(lái)一起調(diào)用星立;
@Override
// public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
// for (WebMvcConfigurer delegate : this.delegates) {
// delegate.addViewControllers(registry);
// }
}
}
}
? 3)、容器中所有的WebMvcConfigurer都會(huì)一起起作用葬凳;
? 4)绰垂、我們的配置類也會(huì)被調(diào)用;
? 效果:SpringMVC的自動(dòng)配置和我們的擴(kuò)展配置都會(huì)起作用火焰;
3劲装、全面接管SpringMVC;
SpringBoot對(duì)SpringMVC的自動(dòng)配置不需要了,所有都是我們自己配置占业;所有的SpringMVC的自動(dòng)配置都失效了
我們需要在配置類中添加@EnableWebMvc即可绒怨;
//使用WebMvcConfigurerAdapter可以來(lái)擴(kuò)展SpringMVC的功能
@EnableWebMvc
@Configuration
public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
@Override
public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
// super.addViewControllers(registry);
//瀏覽器發(fā)送 /atguigu 請(qǐng)求來(lái)到 success
registry.addViewController("/atguigu").setViewName("success");
}
}
原理:
為什么@EnableWebMvc自動(dòng)配置就失效了;
1)@EnableWebMvc的核心
@Import(DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration.class)
public @interface EnableWebMvc {
2)谦疾、
@Configuration
public class DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {
3)南蹂、
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnWebApplication
@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, DispatcherServlet.class,
WebMvcConfigurerAdapter.class })
//容器中沒(méi)有這個(gè)組件的時(shí)候,這個(gè)自動(dòng)配置類才生效念恍,如果用了@EnableWebMvc將WebMvcConfigurationSupport組件導(dǎo)入進(jìn)來(lái)六剥,所以這里不生效
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(WebMvcConfigurationSupport.class)
@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 10)
@AutoConfigureAfter({ DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration.class,
ValidationAutoConfiguration.class })
public class WebMvcAutoConfiguration {
4)、@EnableWebMvc將WebMvcConfigurationSupport組件導(dǎo)入進(jìn)來(lái)峰伙;
5)疗疟、導(dǎo)入的WebMvcConfigurationSupport只是SpringMVC最基本的功能;
5瞳氓、如何修改SpringBoot的默認(rèn)配置
模式:
? 1)策彤、SpringBoot在自動(dòng)配置很多組件的時(shí)候,先看容器中有沒(méi)有用戶自己配置的(@Bean顿膨、@Component)如果有就用用戶配置的锅锨,如果沒(méi)有,才自動(dòng)配置恋沃;如果有些組件可以有多個(gè)(ViewResolver)將用戶配置的和自己默認(rèn)的組合起來(lái)必搞;
? 2)、在SpringBoot中會(huì)有非常多的xxxConfigurer幫助我們進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展配置
? 3)囊咏、在SpringBoot中會(huì)有很多的xxxCustomizer幫助我們進(jìn)行定制配置
6恕洲、RestfulCRUD
1)、默認(rèn)訪問(wèn)首頁(yè)
//使用WebMvcConfigurerAdapter可以來(lái)擴(kuò)展SpringMVC的功能
//@EnableWebMvc 不要接管SpringMVC
@Configuration
public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
@Override
public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
// super.addViewControllers(registry);
//瀏覽器發(fā)送 /atguigu 請(qǐng)求來(lái)到 success
registry.addViewController("/atguigu").setViewName("success");
}
//所有的WebMvcConfigurerAdapter組件都會(huì)一起起作用
@Bean //將組件注冊(cè)在容器
public WebMvcConfigurerAdapter webMvcConfigurerAdapter(){
WebMvcConfigurerAdapter adapter = new WebMvcConfigurerAdapter() {
@Override
public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("login");
registry.addViewController("/index.html").setViewName("login");
}
};
return adapter;
}
}
2)梅割、國(guó)際化
1)霜第、編寫國(guó)際化配置文件;
2)户辞、使用ResourceBundleMessageSource管理國(guó)際化資源文件
3)泌类、在頁(yè)面使用fmt:message取出國(guó)際化內(nèi)容
步驟:
1)、編寫國(guó)際化配置文件底燎,抽取頁(yè)面需要顯示的國(guó)際化消息
2)刃榨、SpringBoot自動(dòng)配置好了管理國(guó)際化資源文件的組件;
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.messages")
public class MessageSourceAutoConfiguration {
/**
* Comma-separated list of basenames (essentially a fully-qualified classpath
* location), each following the ResourceBundle convention with relaxed support for
* slash based locations. If it doesn't contain a package qualifier (such as
* "org.mypackage"), it will be resolved from the classpath root.
*/
private String basename = "messages";
//我們的配置文件可以直接放在類路徑下叫messages.properties双仍;
@Bean
public MessageSource messageSource() {
ResourceBundleMessageSource messageSource = new ResourceBundleMessageSource();
if (StringUtils.hasText(this.basename)) {
//設(shè)置國(guó)際化資源文件的基礎(chǔ)名(去掉語(yǔ)言國(guó)家代碼的)
messageSource.setBasenames(StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray(
StringUtils.trimAllWhitespace(this.basename)));
}
if (this.encoding != null) {
messageSource.setDefaultEncoding(this.encoding.name());
}
messageSource.setFallbackToSystemLocale(this.fallbackToSystemLocale);
messageSource.setCacheSeconds(this.cacheSeconds);
messageSource.setAlwaysUseMessageFormat(this.alwaysUseMessageFormat);
return messageSource;
}
3)枢希、去頁(yè)面獲取國(guó)際化的值;
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no">
<meta name="description" content="">
<meta name="author" content="">
<title>Signin Template for Bootstrap</title>
<!-- Bootstrap core CSS -->
<link href="asserts/css/bootstrap.min.css" th:href="@{/webjars/bootstrap/4.0.0/css/bootstrap.css}" rel="stylesheet">
<!-- Custom styles for this template -->
<link href="asserts/css/signin.css" th:href="@{/asserts/css/signin.css}" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body class="text-center">
<form class="form-signin" action="dashboard.html">
<img class="mb-4" th:src="@{/asserts/img/bootstrap-solid.svg}" src="asserts/img/bootstrap-solid.svg" alt="" width="72" height="72">
<h1 class="h3 mb-3 font-weight-normal" th:text="#{login.tip}">Please sign in</h1>
<label class="sr-only" th:text="#{login.username}">Username</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Username" th:placeholder="#{login.username}" required="" autofocus="">
<label class="sr-only" th:text="#{login.password}">Password</label>
<input type="password" class="form-control" placeholder="Password" th:placeholder="#{login.password}" required="">
<div class="checkbox mb-3">
<label>
<input type="checkbox" value="remember-me"/> [[#{login.remember}]]
</label>
</div>
<button class="btn btn-lg btn-primary btn-block" type="submit" th:text="#{login.btn}">Sign in</button>
<p class="mt-5 mb-3 text-muted">? 2017-2018</p>
<a class="btn btn-sm">中文</a>
<a class="btn btn-sm">English</a>
</form>
</body>
</html>
效果:根據(jù)瀏覽器語(yǔ)言設(shè)置的信息切換了國(guó)際化朱沃;
原理:
國(guó)際化Locale(區(qū)域信息對(duì)象)苞轿;LocaleResolver(獲取區(qū)域信息對(duì)象)茅诱;
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mvc", name = "locale")
public LocaleResolver localeResolver() {
if (this.mvcProperties
.getLocaleResolver() == WebMvcProperties.LocaleResolver.FIXED) {
return new FixedLocaleResolver(this.mvcProperties.getLocale());
}
AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver localeResolver = new AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver();
localeResolver.setDefaultLocale(this.mvcProperties.getLocale());
return localeResolver;
}
默認(rèn)的就是根據(jù)請(qǐng)求頭帶來(lái)的區(qū)域信息獲取Locale進(jìn)行國(guó)際化
4)、點(diǎn)擊鏈接切換國(guó)際化
/**
* 可以在連接上攜帶區(qū)域信息
*/
public class MyLocaleResolver implements LocaleResolver {
@Override
public Locale resolveLocale(HttpServletRequest request) {
String l = request.getParameter("l");
Locale locale = Locale.getDefault();
if(!StringUtils.isEmpty(l)){
String[] split = l.split("_");
locale = new Locale(split[0],split[1]);
}
return locale;
}
@Override
public void setLocale(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Locale locale) {
}
}
@Bean
public LocaleResolver localeResolver(){
return new MyLocaleResolver();
}
}
3)搬卒、登陸
開(kāi)發(fā)期間模板引擎頁(yè)面修改以后瑟俭,要實(shí)時(shí)生效
1)、禁用模板引擎的緩存
# 禁用緩存
spring.thymeleaf.cache=false
2)秀睛、頁(yè)面修改完成以后ctrl+f9:重新編譯尔当;
登陸錯(cuò)誤消息的顯示
<p style="color: red" th:text="${msg}" th:if="${not #strings.isEmpty(msg)}"></p>
4)、攔截器進(jìn)行登陸檢查
攔截器
/**
* 登陸檢查蹂安,
*/
public class LoginHandlerInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
//目標(biāo)方法執(zhí)行之前
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
Object user = request.getSession().getAttribute("loginUser");
if(user == null){
//未登陸椭迎,返回登陸頁(yè)面
request.setAttribute("msg","沒(méi)有權(quán)限請(qǐng)先登陸");
request.getRequestDispatcher("/index.html").forward(request,response);
return false;
}else{
//已登陸,放行請(qǐng)求
return true;
}
}
@Override
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
}
@Override
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
}
}
注冊(cè)攔截器
//所有的WebMvcConfigurerAdapter組件都會(huì)一起起作用
@Bean //將組件注冊(cè)在容器
public WebMvcConfigurerAdapter webMvcConfigurerAdapter(){
WebMvcConfigurerAdapter adapter = new WebMvcConfigurerAdapter() {
@Override
public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("login");
registry.addViewController("/index.html").setViewName("login");
registry.addViewController("/main.html").setViewName("dashboard");
}
//注冊(cè)攔截器
@Override
public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
//super.addInterceptors(registry);
//靜態(tài)資源田盈; *.css , *.js
//SpringBoot已經(jīng)做好了靜態(tài)資源映射
registry.addInterceptor(new LoginHandlerInterceptor()).addPathPatterns("/**")
.excludePathPatterns("/index.html","/","/user/login");
}
};
return adapter;
}
5)畜号、CRUD-員工列表
實(shí)驗(yàn)要求:
1)、RestfulCRUD:CRUD滿足Rest風(fēng)格允瞧;
URI: /資源名稱/資源標(biāo)識(shí) HTTP請(qǐng)求方式區(qū)分對(duì)資源CRUD操作
普通CRUD(uri來(lái)區(qū)分操作) | RestfulCRUD | |
---|---|---|
查詢 | getEmp | emp---GET |
添加 | addEmp?xxx | emp---POST |
修改 | updateEmp?id=xxx&xxx=xx | emp/{id}---PUT |
刪除 | deleteEmp?id=1 | emp/{id}---DELETE |
2)简软、實(shí)驗(yàn)的請(qǐng)求架構(gòu);
實(shí)驗(yàn)功能 | 請(qǐng)求URI | 請(qǐng)求方式 |
---|---|---|
查詢所有員工 | emps | GET |
查詢某個(gè)員工(來(lái)到修改頁(yè)面) | emp/1 | GET |
來(lái)到添加頁(yè)面 | emp | GET |
添加員工 | emp | POST |
來(lái)到修改頁(yè)面(查出員工進(jìn)行信息回顯) | emp/1 | GET |
修改員工 | emp | PUT |
刪除員工 | emp/1 | DELETE |
3)、員工列表:
thymeleaf公共頁(yè)面元素抽取
1述暂、抽取公共片段
<div th:fragment="copy">
© 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
</div>
2痹升、引入公共片段
<div th:insert="~{footer :: copy}"></div>
~{templatename::selector}:模板名::選擇器
~{templatename::fragmentname}:模板名::片段名
3、默認(rèn)效果:
insert的公共片段在div標(biāo)簽中
如果使用th:insert等屬性進(jìn)行引入畦韭,可以不用寫~{}:
行內(nèi)寫法可以加上:[[~{}]];[(~{})]疼蛾;
三種引入公共片段的th屬性:
th:insert:將公共片段整個(gè)插入到聲明引入的元素中
th:replace:將聲明引入的元素替換為公共片段
th:include:將被引入的片段的內(nèi)容包含進(jìn)這個(gè)標(biāo)簽中
<footer th:fragment="copy">
© 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
</footer>
引入方式
<div th:insert="footer :: copy"></div>
<div th:replace="footer :: copy"></div>
<div th:include="footer :: copy"></div>
th:insert效果
<div>
<footer>
© 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
</footer>
</div>
th:replace效果
<footer>
© 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
</footer>
th:include效果
<div>
© 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
</div>
引入片段的時(shí)候傳入?yún)?shù):
<nav class="col-md-2 d-none d-md-block bg-light sidebar" id="sidebar">
<div class="sidebar-sticky">
<ul class="nav flex-column">
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link active"
th:class="${activeUri=='main.html'?'nav-link active':'nav-link'}"
href="#" th:href="@{/main.html}">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24"
fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"
stroke-linejoin="round" class="feather feather-home">
<path d="M3 9l9-7 9 7v11a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2z"></path>
<polyline points="9 22 9 12 15 12 15 22"></polyline>
</svg>
Dashboard <span class="sr-only">(current)</span>
</a>
</li>
<!--引入側(cè)邊欄;傳入?yún)?shù)-->
<div th:replace="commons/bar::#sidebar(activeUri='emps')"></div>
6)、CRUD-員工添加
添加頁(yè)面
<form>
<div class="form-group">
<label>LastName</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>Email</label>
<input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan@atguigu.com">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>Gender</label><br/>
<div class="form-check form-check-inline">
<input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender" value="1">
<label class="form-check-label">男</label>
</div>
<div class="form-check form-check-inline">
<input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender" value="0">
<label class="form-check-label">女</label>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>department</label>
<select class="form-control">
<option>1</option>
<option>2</option>
<option>3</option>
<option>4</option>
<option>5</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>Birth</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan">
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">添加</button>
</form>
提交的數(shù)據(jù)格式不對(duì):生日:日期艺配;
2017-12-12察郁;2017/12/12;2017.12.12转唉;
日期的格式化皮钠;SpringMVC將頁(yè)面提交的值需要轉(zhuǎn)換為指定的類型;
2017-12-12---Date; 類型轉(zhuǎn)換赠法,格式化;
默認(rèn)日期是按照/的方式麦轰;
7)、CRUD-員工修改
修改添加二合一表單
<!--需要區(qū)分是員工修改還是添加砖织;-->
<form th:action="@{/emp}" method="post">
<!--發(fā)送put請(qǐng)求修改員工數(shù)據(jù)-->
<!--
1原朝、SpringMVC中配置HiddenHttpMethodFilter;(SpringBoot自動(dòng)配置好的)
2、頁(yè)面創(chuàng)建一個(gè)post表單
3镶苞、創(chuàng)建一個(gè)input項(xiàng),name="_method";值就是我們指定的請(qǐng)求方式
-->
<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="put" th:if="${emp!=null}"/>
<input type="hidden" name="id" th:if="${emp!=null}" th:value="${emp.id}">
<div class="form-group">
<label>LastName</label>
<input name="lastName" type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan" th:value="${emp!=null}?${emp.lastName}">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>Email</label>
<input name="email" type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan@atguigu.com" th:value="${emp!=null}?${emp.email}">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>Gender</label><br/>
<div class="form-check form-check-inline">
<input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender" value="1" th:checked="${emp!=null}?${emp.gender==1}">
<label class="form-check-label">男</label>
</div>
<div class="form-check form-check-inline">
<input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender" value="0" th:checked="${emp!=null}?${emp.gender==0}">
<label class="form-check-label">女</label>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>department</label>
<!--提交的是部門的id-->
<select class="form-control" name="department.id">
<option th:selected="${emp!=null}?${dept.id == emp.department.id}" th:value="${dept.id}" th:each="dept:${depts}" th:text="${dept.departmentName}">1</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>Birth</label>
<input name="birth" type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan" th:value="${emp!=null}?${#dates.format(emp.birth, 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm')}">
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" th:text="${emp!=null}?'修改':'添加'">添加</button>
</form>
8)鞠评、CRUD-員工刪除
<tr th:each="emp:${emps}">
<td th:text="${emp.id}"></td>
<td>[[${emp.lastName}]]</td>
<td th:text="${emp.email}"></td>
<td th:text="${emp.gender}==0?'女':'男'"></td>
<td th:text="${emp.department.departmentName}"></td>
<td th:text="${#dates.format(emp.birth, 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm')}"></td>
<td>
<a class="btn btn-sm btn-primary" th:href="@{/emp/}+${emp.id}">編輯</a>
<button th:attr="del_uri=@{/emp/}+${emp.id}" class="btn btn-sm btn-danger deleteBtn">刪除</button>
</td>
</tr>
<script>
$(".deleteBtn").click(function(){
//刪除當(dāng)前員工的
$("#deleteEmpForm").attr("action",$(this).attr("del_uri")).submit();
return false;
});
</script>
7茂蚓、錯(cuò)誤處理機(jī)制
1)、SpringBoot默認(rèn)的錯(cuò)誤處理機(jī)制
默認(rèn)效果:
1)、瀏覽器聋涨,返回一個(gè)默認(rèn)的錯(cuò)誤頁(yè)面